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1、时态时态是英语学习的基础，中高考的重点。时态考察的本质是动词结构，英语是一门动词的语言，动词是重中之重。这八种时态是英语的基础时态，其他的时态都是在此基础上衍生的。时态需要掌握：动词结构、时间状语、动词变形。（1）一般现在时 表示现阶段经常或习惯发生的动作或存在的状态,或说明主语的特征。一般现在时句子中常有的时间状语：often,usually,sometimes,always,every (day等), once/twice,a (week等), on (Sunday等),never,in the (morning等)。如：They go to the Palace Museum once
2、a year.(他们每年去一次故宫)They often discuss business in the evening.(他们经常在晚上商谈生意) 在时间状语从句中(以when, after, before, while, until, as soon as等引导)和条件状语从句中(以if,unless引导),用一般现在时代替一般将来时，句子可以有将来时间。如：Please ring me up as soon as you arrive in Germany.(你一到德国就给我打电话) If it rains tomorrow,we will have to stay at home.(如
3、果明天下雨我们就只好呆在家)（2）一般过去时 表示过去某时发生的动作或状态,这种动作或状态可能是一次性,也可能经常发生。表示过去具体时刻发生的一次性动作时,时间状语有：at (eight) (yesterday morning),(ten minutes) ago, when引导的时间状语从句。如：I got up at 6：00 this morning.(我是早上六点钟起床的)Little Tom broke the window at half past nine this morning.(小汤姆今天早上九点半把窗子打破了)When he went into the room,he s
4、aw a stranger talking with his father.(他走进房间时发现一个陌生人正和他父亲谈话)（3）一般将来时 表示将来某一时刻或经常发生的动作或状态。一般将来时的时间状语有：tomorrow,this (afternoon),next (year),one day,now,soon, someday,sometime, in the future, when引导的从句等。用will构成的将来时,表示动作与人的主观愿望无关。“shall”用于第一人称,“will”用于所有人称。如：I will graduate from this school soon.(我很快就要
5、从这所中学毕业了)You will stay alone after I leave.(我走了之后你就要一个人过了)“am/is/are going to+动词原形”表示打算或准备要做的事情,或者观判断即将要发生的事情,而“am/is/are to +动词原形”表示安排或计划中的动作。如：A man told them that the woman was to give birth to the special baby.(有一个人告诉他们那个妇女就会生下那个特别的男孩)Its going to rain soon.(天快要下雨了)(4) 过去将来时 过去将来时表示在过去预计将要发生的动作或
6、存在的状态。过去将来时由“助动词should(第一人称或would(第二、三人称+动词原形)”构成。在美国英语中,过去将来时的助动词一律用“would +动词原形”。(5)现在进行时 现在进行时表示现在正在进行的动作或是现阶段正发生而此刻不一定在进行的动作。 现在进行时由“助动词be (am is are ) +现在分词”构成。 现在进行时的时间状语有： now, this , these等,但经常不用。如：What are you doing up in the tree?(你在树上干什么？)I am writing a long novel these days.(我最近在写一本长篇小说)
7、(6)过去进行时 过去进行时表示过去某一时刻或某阶段正在进行的动作。 过去进行时由“was/were+现在分词”构成。 过去进行时的时间状语有：then, at that time, this time yesterday, at (eight) yesterday (morning),(a year) ago, 以及由when引出的时间状语从句。如：He was cooking supper this time yesterday.(昨天这个时候他正在做晚饭)The little girl was playing with her toy when I saw her.(我看到小女孩的时候她
8、正在玩玩具) （7）现在完成时1. 现在已经完成，表示是过去发生的。过去发生的动作或状态对现在造成的影响或结果。2. 结构：have/has+done3. 基本用法表示过去发生或完成的某个动作对现在造成的影响或产生的结果，强调的是这个影响或结果，常与yet, already, just, before, lately等时间状语连用。例 I have just turned off the light. I have already read the book.表示开始于过去、持续到现在并可能持续下去的动作或状态，常同these days, recently, so far, “for +时间段
9、”和“since+时间点”等连用。例 It has rained a lot these days. She has worked in the school for ten years. I havent eaten anything since breakfast.练习 -I would like to introduce my best friends to you,Peter. -Thank you, Lucy. But we _ (meet) already. -Excuse me, where is Mr. Browns office? -I dont know. I _ (wor
10、k) here for only a few days.答案 have met have worked4. 现在完成时的常用固定句型在”That/This/It is the first(second, third.) time (that) .”句型中，从句要用现在完成时。例 This is the first time that I have watched a play.”That/This/It is the+形容词最高级+名词+（that）从句” 中，从句用现在完成时。例 This is the best film that I have ever seen. “在It +has b
11、een+一段时间+since.”句型中，主句常用现在完成时（也可用一般现在时）。例 It is/has been six years since I came here. 5. 特别提醒have/has gone to 强调“去而未归”； have/has been to 强调“去而归来”，常和once, twice, never, ever等连用非延续性动词leave, arrive, come, go, return, join,die, buy, borrow的完成时态要转换成相应的延续性动词才能与一段时间连用。例 I have bought the computer for a yea
12、r.（误） I have kept the computer for a year. （正）（8）过去完成时1. 结构：had+done2. 基本用法 “过去的过去”，表示在过去某一时刻或某一动作之前已经完成的动作。句中一般有明确表示“过去的过去”的时间状语（从句），如by, by the end of, by the time, until, when, before等引出的表示过去的时间状语（从句）。例 By nine oclock last night, we had finished most of the work. They had got everything ready bef
13、ore I came.表示从过去某一时刻开始，一直持续到过去另一时刻的动作或状态，常和for,since构成的时间状语连用。例 I had been at the bus stop for 30 minutes when a bus finally came.want, hope, mean, plan, intend等动词的过去完成时可用来表示“本来打算做而没有做某事”。例 We had intended to come and see you.1. The population of the world _ still _ now. A.has; grown B.is; growing C
14、.will; grow D.is; grown答案：B2. Why not_your teacher for help when you cant finish _it by yourself? A.ask,write B.to ask,writing C.ask,writing D.asking,write答案：C3. -Good evening. I _ to see Miss Mary. -Oh, good evening. Im sorry, but she is not in. A.have come B.come C.came D.had come答案：A4. This type
15、of MP4 is my favorite, but I cant _ it. A.spend B.cost C.pay D.afford答案：D5. The boys arrived late at the cinema, and the start of the film. A. caught B. missed C. got D. lost答案：B6. As we know, some people are good at but bad at giving back. A. lending B. keeping C. borrowing D. using答案：C7. Why could
16、nt you the correct spelling of the word?Err. . . I hadnt got a Chinese-English dictionary at hand. A. look for B. look down C. look up D. look at答案：C8. A mobile phone of this type costs too much. Youd better _.A. waitB. waitingC. waitedD. to wait答案：A9. Why not come over? My family seeing you again.
17、A. enjoyedB. would enjoyC. will enjoy D. have enjoyed答案：B10. The teacher asked _ a story about a trip to the moon.A. get upB. turn upC. clean upD. make up答案：D11. Nick _ a job in a bank, he didnt take it. A. is offeredB. offeredC. was offeredD. has offered答案：C12. - Did you give Tom a phone call?- Yes
18、, I did. But nobody _.A. answer B. answered C. will answer D. had answered答案：B13. - Shall we stay at home watching TV tonight? - No, Id like _ and see a movie.A. to go B. go C. went D. going答案：A14. Im very tired these days because of studying for physics.Why not _ muisc. It can make you _.A. listen
19、to; relaxingB. to listen to; to relaxC. listening to; relaxD. listen to; relax答案：B15. Hello, Mike. Long time no see. Where are you?Oh, not only my parent but also I _ Wuhan for a month. A. have gone toB. have been to C. has been inD. have been in答案：D16. -Were you at home at 7 o clock last night?-Yes
20、, I_a shower at that time. A. took B. was taking C. was taken D. am taking答案：B17. -Look at the sun ! It s too hot today.-Yes. Why not_your coat? A. take off B. take away C. take out D. take up答案：A18. My roommate often asks me _ her to play chess. A. teach B. teaching C. to teach 答案：C19. A large numb
21、er of engineers _ to Afriac by our government to help the people there every year. A. have sent B. will send C. are sent 答案：C20.She often_new words in the dictionaryIts a good habit. Alooks after B1ooks down Clooks up D1ooks out答案：C21I will call you as soon as I_ the ticket to the football match. Aw
22、ill get Bget Cgot Dam getting答案：B22. Is Mr. Green at home ?No , he _ Shanghai . A. has been toB. has gone toC. is going to23. Its cold today. Youd better _ your sweater. OK. I will. A. put onB. turn onC. get on 答案：A24. Hurry up! We _ for you at the gate. Im sorry .Im coming soon. A. waitsB. waitedC.
23、 are waiting答案：C25. You are late. The meeting _ for about ten minutes. Im sorry. The traffic is heavy. A. has begun B. beganC. has been on答案：C26. You _ cross the road when the traffic lights are red. Its dangerous. A. needntB. may notC. mustnt答案：C27. My bag is old. Lets go to that shop_ a new one. A
24、. to buyB. buyC. buying答案：A28. There _ many students in the library after school every day.A. has B. have C. is D. are答案：D29. Mr. Green _ to the manager now. Youd better call him later. A. talk B. talked C. is talking D. was talking答案：C30. _ you swim? Yes, but Im not a good swimmer. A. Can B. May C.
25、 Need D. Must答案：A31. They _ her to the party, so she was very happy. A. invite B. invited C. will invite D. are inviting答案：B31. If I find his phone number, I _ you. A. tell B. told C. will tell D. have told答案：C32. She _ as an animal trainer since 2003. A. has worked B. works C. will work D. worked答案
26、：A33. The sick boy _ to hospital by the police yesterday. A. is taken B. was taken C. takes D. took答案：B34. The teacher asked Ben _ a difficult question in class. A. answer B. answering C. to answer D. answered答案：C35. -Must I _ my camera, Lily? -No, you _. Dont worry. Ill take one myself.A. to take;
27、mustnt B. take; neednt C. to bring; neednt D. bring; mustnt答案：B36. -Sam, do you know if Alice _ to my party next week? -I think she will come if she _ free. A. comes; is B. comes; will be C. will come; is D. will come; will be答案：C37. -Why are you in such a hurry, Mike? -There _ an NBA basketball gam
28、e in ten minutes. A. will have B. will be C. is going to have D. are going to be答案：B38. Since June 1st last year, all the supermarkets have _ free plastic bags. A. to stop to provide B. to stop providing C. stopped to provide D. stopped providing答案：B39. -Jack, I havent seen your brother for a long t
29、ime. -He _ Shanghai on business for two months. A. went to B. has gone to C. has been in D. has been to 答案：C40. -Which would you like ,tea or coffee?-Either_OK,but I prefer coffee_milk.Ais，has B. are,with C. is,with Dare，has答案：C41. -_late for school again,Tim!-Sorry, I promise that I_.ADont，wont B.D
30、ont be,wont C. Dont be,dont DDont, will答案：B42. -Dadwhy should I stop_computer games?-For your health, my boy,Im afraid you_.Ato play, must B. playing, have to Cto play, can D. playing, may答案：B43-I phoned you at six last night , but_answered.-I _a walk in the park at that timeAno one,was having Banyo
31、ne，was having C.nobody,had D.somebody,had答案：A44.-Could you tell me_? He is wanted by the head teacher-Sorry, Ive no ideaBut he_here just nowA. where Tim was, was Bwhere is Tim，wasC. where Tim is，was Dwhere Tim is，is答案：C45.-Its raining, DaisyPlease_an umbrella with you.-Thanks. Ill return it to you w
32、hen I_next weekAtake, come Btake, will come C. bring，come Dbring, will come答案：A46. -How about _in the river with us?Sorry I cantMy parents often tell me_thatA swim, dont do B. swim, to do C.swimming, not do Dswimming, not to do答案：D47David, turn off the TV_no one is watching itBut it_off already！The music is from the radioA.so that , has been turned Bwhenhas turnedCifhas been turned Dbecause, has turned 答案：C