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1、第18讲 主旨大意题（模拟精练+真题演练）根据文章选择正确的选项1.（2023年湖北华中师大附中模拟预测）I truly believe we all have a very special purpose in life, regardless of who we are or where we come from. After ten years of working for a major Wall Street bank, I wanted to do something challenging. So when I read a Merrill Lynch advertisement
2、 looking to hire more stockbrokers (股票经纪人), with great excitement, I made some phone calls and arranged to meet with one of its branch vice presidents. After this interview and interviews with twelve of his top stockbrokers, I eventually landed the job.The first few months was a struggle. I lived on
3、 very little commission (佣金). Night after night, I left the office weary and exhausted, ready to give up, yet somehow returning the next morning to start anew day. Eventually, all the hard work paid off. In less than four years, I became one of the top sales people at my branch and increased persona
4、l sales by 1,700 percent. The success earned me a six-figure income, promotion and numerous sales awards.Toward the end of my fourth year at Merrill Lynch, it hit me that something was missing. I thought long and hard about my goals. Then I was reminded of the time when I spoke to hundreds of people
5、, while in college as a student leader, and years later, when I won a “Humorous Speech” championship. It dawned on me that every time I had a speaking engagement, I always came out of the experience with a wonderful, energetic, peaceful and magical feeling that was unmatched by anything else I did.
6、I knew the extraordinary public-speaking skills I was blessed with could enable me to make a lasting difference and transform other peoples lives.Then I took another daring risk, gave up everything and left the investment business for a more satisfying career as a motivational speaker. The beginning
7、 of my speaking journey was surprisingly similar to what I had first experienced at Merrill Lynch. However, nothing in the world comes close to the satisfying feeling I get when thousands of people tell me how much I have made a difference in their lives by motivating them to take risks and be the b
8、est they could be.Which is the most suitable title for the text?ASpeaking Makes a Satisfying JobBChallenge Your Career ChoiceCHard Work Pays OffDDare to Take Risks【答案】D【解析】主旨大意题。阅读文章，尤其是第一段第二句“After ten years of working for a major Wall Street bank, I wanted to do something challenging.(在华尔街一家大银行工作了
9、十年之后，我想做一些具有挑战性的事情)”和最后一段第一句“Then I took another daring risk, gave up everything and left the investment business for a more satisfying career as a motivational speaker.(然后，我又冒了一次大胆的风险，放弃了一切，离开了投资行业，去做一名更令人满意的励志演说家)”可知，作者用自身经历告诉我们要敢于挑战，敢于冒险。由此可知，D项“Dare to Take Risks(敢于冒险)”最能概括本文主旨。故选D项。2. （2023年浙江宁
10、波高三校联考）I was a graduate student in Manhattan having breakfast on my rooftop on Sept. 11, 2001, when I witnessed planes hit the Twin Towers. For months afterwards, I shook with anxiety every morning. Unwilling to medicate, I tried everything else. Mindfulness meditation (冥想) caused panic attacks. Hot
11、 yoga built muscle but did nothing for my anxiety. I went to talks by Buddhist monks and meditation teachers hoping to attain inner peace, but in vain. Finally, I attended a SKY Breath Meditation class, which involves a 20-minute breathing regimen (养生之道) in different postures and rhythms. Though I w
12、ent in skeptical,I came out calm. Two decades later,I never missed a day of my breathing practice, not even when I gave birth.20Which of the following is the best title for the text?APTSD: more awareness neededBSKY: better well-being attainedCMeditation: an effective treatmentDBreath: detailed ways
13、to conduct【答案】D【解析】主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“Finally, I attended a SKY Breath Meditation class, which involves a 20-minute breathing regimen (养生之道) in different postures and rhythms. Though I went in skeptical, I came out calm. Two decades later, I never missed a day of my breathing practice, not even when I ga
14、ve birth.(最后，我参加了一个SKY呼吸冥想课程，包括20分钟的不同姿势和节奏的呼吸养生之道。虽然我满怀怀疑地进去了，但出来时却很平静。二十年后，我从未错过一天的呼吸练习，甚至在我生孩子的时候。)”以及第二段“Traditional treatments had failed many of them, so my colleagues and I ran a randomized controlled trial to test the effects of SKY breathing.Compared with the control group, veterans practic
15、ing SKY every day for one week saw their anxiety drop to levels typical of the general population.(传统的治疗方法失败了很多，所以我和我的同事进行了一个随机对照试验来测试SKY呼吸的效果。与对照组相比，在一周内每天练习SKY的退伍军人的焦虑水平下降到一般人群的典型水平)”可知，文章主要讲述了SKY疗法可以使人不那么焦虑，获得幸福。故选B。3. （2023广东深圳外国语学校练习）McDonalds is promising to offer sustainable Happy Meal toys m
16、ade with dramatically less plastic by the end of 2025. The fast-food giant said that it has already decreased the use of virgin fossil fuel-based plastic in its toys by 30% worldwide since 2018 after starting the process in markets like France, the United Kingdom and Ireland.More than 100 countries
17、worldwide sell Happy Meals at McDonalds locations. The burger chain began selling the meals in 1979. In 2018, after widespread concern about childrens meals at fast-food restaurants, the company revamped its options to selections that were lower in calories, sodium, saturated fat and sugar.Murray sa
18、id children and parents alike have been asking for more sustainable toys. In 2019, two British school children started a petition (请愿书) that generated international attention asking McDonalds and Burger King to cancel the plastic toys in their childrens meal deals.Some toys, like board game pieces,
19、will be made with plant-derived (植物提取的) or recycled material. Others will have more significant changes to their appearance. Superheroes and movie characters will be 3-D cutouts rather than plastic figurines. The company is also looking into switching from plastic wrapping to plant-based and certifi
20、ed fiber packaging.“As you can imagine, our entire supply chain has to change with this,” Murray said. “It has been a massive undertaking, and were really just changing the way we do our Happy Meals.”McDonalds chief sustainability officer Jenny McColloch said the company has already been learning fr
21、om feedback in France, the UK and Ireland, where the toys have already rolled out. The goal is to make sure they are safe and sturdy enough for children.According to McColloch, the more sustainable toys will begin rolling out widely in the US by January. The fast-food giant is also looking for ways
22、to recycle the old plastic Happy Meal toys within its restaurants.136Which can be a suitable title for the text?AThe Less Use of Plastic Is RequiredBAn Eco-friendly Burger Chain Called McDonaldsCThe Way That McDonalds Made Happy Meal ToysDMcDonalds Will Offer Greener Happy Meal Toys【答案】D【解析】主旨大意题。第一
23、段第一句提到“McDonalds is promising to offer sustainable Happy Meal toys made with dramatically less plastic by the end of 2025. ”（麦当劳承诺，到2025年底，将提供可持续性的开心乐园餐玩具，所使用的塑料将大幅减少。），第二段提到了麦当劳在汉堡配方上所作出的改变，第三段提到了麦当劳改变玩具制作材料的缘由：两个小朋友希望减少套餐里的塑料玩具，第四、五、六段提到了麦当劳为减少塑料玩具制品所做的工作和努力。由此判断，麦当劳希望套餐里的玩具能够更加绿色环保。D项“麦当劳将会提供更加绿色
24、的开心乐园餐玩具”该项符合文意。故选D。4.（2023华南师大附中模拟预测）Bad news sells. If it bleeds, it leads. No news is good news, and good news is no news. Those are the classic rules for the evening broadcasts and the morning papers. But now that information is being spread and monitored(监控) in different ways, researchers are d
25、iscovering new rules. By tracking peoples e-mails and online posts, scientists have found that good news can spread faster and farther than disasters and sob stories.“The if it bleeds rule works for mass media,” says Jonah Berger, a scholar at the University of Pennsylvania. “They want your eyeballs
26、 and dont care how youre feeling. But when you share a story with your friends, you care a lot more how they react. You dont want them to think of you as a Debbie Downer.”Researchers analyzing word-of-mouth communicatione-mails, Web posts and reviews, face-to-face conversationsfound that it tended t
27、o be more positive than negative(消极的), but that didnt necessarily mean people preferred positive news. Was positive news shared more often simply because people experienced more good things than bad things? To test for that possibility, Dr. Berger looked at how people spread a particular set of news
28、 stories: thousands of articles on The New York Times website. He and a Penn colleague analyzed the “most e-mailed” list for six months. One of his first findings was that articles in the science section were much more likely to make the list than non-science articles. He found that science amazed T
29、imes readers and made them want to share this positive feeling with others.Readers also tended to share articles that were exciting or funny, or that inspired negative feelings like anger or anxiety, but not articles that left them merely sad. They needed to be aroused(激发) one way or the other, and
30、they preferred good news to bad. The more positive an article, the more likely it was to be shared, as Dr. Berger explains in his new book, “Contagious: Why Things Catch On.”What can be a suitable title for the text?ASad Stories Travel Far and WideBOnline News Attracts More PeopleCReading Habits Cha
31、nge with the TimesDGood News Beats Bad on Social Networks【答案】D【解析】旨大意题。根据第一段“By tracking peoples e-mails and online posts, scientists have found that good news can spread faster and farther than disasters and sob stories.”可知，好消息在网络上传播得更快，影响更深远；说明文章主要讲的是好消息通过网络的传播，故选D。5.（2023华南师大附中模拟预测）Growing up in
32、the Philippines, construction worker Johnny Manlugay combs the beaches each night for the eggs of sea turtles. He knows exactly what to look for, as he was trained as a child by his grandfather on how to locate the animals and their eggs. Back then, his family traded or ate them. It wasnt about gett
33、ing rich. It was just a part of life.But Manlugay has since turned over a new leaf. Now, he uses his tracking skills to protect the sea turtles that visit the beaches he lives by. “Ive learned to love this work,” Manlugay acknowledged in an interview. “We didnt know poaching (偷猎) was illegal and tha
34、t we should not eat turtle eggs and meat.”Manlugay carefully moved each egg into a bucket he brought with him, as well as some sand from the turtle nests, so as to hand them over to Coastal Underwater Resource Management Actions(CURMA) the group leading the conservation program on the beaches.The co
35、nservation effort established in 2009 has transformed sea turtle poachers into helpers, offering training to help save thousands of turtles and keep their eggs from ending up in markets and on plates. “We talked to the poachers, and it turned out poaching was just another means for them to earn a li
36、ving,” explained Carlos Tamayo, the director of operations. “They had no choices.”Once collected, the eggs are then reburied in protected areas to ensure the hatch. Another former poacher, Jessie Cabagbag, who grew up eating turtle meat and eggs, takes care of one of the protected areas now. “I stop
37、ped poaching when we underwent training and were taught that what we have been doing was illegal and that these species of turtles are endangered,” he explained. Now, he admits, “I am truly proud. I am happy that I can contribute to the conservation of the turtles.”Whats the best title for this pass
38、age?ALocal Philippinos Search for Sea Turtle Eggs.BFormer Turtle Egg Poachers Turn into Protectors.CSea Turtles are Well Protected in the Philippines.DThe Conservation Program Saves Endangered Turtles.【答案】B【解析】主旨大意题。由本文第一段“Growing up in the Philippines, construction worker Johnny Manlugay combs the
39、beaches each night for the eggs of sea turtles. He knows exactly what to look for, as he was trained as a child by his grandfather on how to locate the animals and their eggs. Back then, his family traded or ate them. It wasnt about getting rich. It was just a part of life.”(菲律宾长大的建筑工人Johnny Manluga
40、y每天晚上都会在海滩上搜寻海龟的蛋。他很清楚该找什么，因为他小时候就被祖父训练如何定位动物和它们的蛋。当时，他的家人要么交易，要么吃掉它们。这与其说是致富，不如说是生活的一部分。)以及第二段中“But Manlugay has since turned over a new leaf. Now, he uses his tracking skills to protect the sea turtles that visit the beaches he lives by. (现在，Manlugay开始了新的一页。现在，他利用自己的追踪技能来保护那些来到他所居住的海滩的海龟。)”可知短文主要报
41、道了菲律宾前海龟蛋作猎者成为动物保护者的故事，故选B项。6.（2023年湖南长沙一中三模）A happy beagle (小猎犬) called Bella loves Amazon boxes. It tears into them while ignoring other delivery boxes. Little Bit, a tortoiseshell cat, is similarly consumed but by socks. It raids (偷袭) the laundry basket in the middle of the night and also paws th
42、rough the open suitcases of house guests, who almost always find themselves missing a sock in the morning. Pets do some pretty weird things. But these strange behaviors often make perfect sense to the pets, said scientists who study animal behaviors. “These behaviors are not invented on the spot,” s
43、aid Carlo Siracusa, a professor at the University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine. The pets are doing behaviors that their wild ancestors did, but theyve changed them a bit to fit their new lives as pets.Dogs can be trained to roll over and play dead. But their ancient instincts from t
44、heir wolf ancestors are still there. Instincts, or instinctive behaviors, are behaviors that are done without thinking. They dont have to be learned. For example, some dogs will scratch the ground after pooping(排便). But theyre not trying to bury their poop. They want other animals to notice it. “The
45、y are depositing smell in those areas,” Siracusa said. “Its almost like drawing a picture with a big red marker around it,” he added.Cats, on the other hand, almost always bury their waste. “They are covering their tracks,” says Monique Udell, an expert on human-animal interactions who works at Oreg
46、on State University. Cats are predators, meaning they hunt other animals for food. But other animals hunt them, too. So they dont want to be seen-or smelled. Mikel Delgado, the founder of a California-based cat behavior consulting service, said that many other cat behaviors, arise from cats wild ori
47、gins.While dogs share many behaviors inherited (继承) from wolves, theyve also developed a few of their own. “Puppy dog eyes”, the innocent look that many humans are helpless to resist, is one. Over the time period that theyve lived with people, dogs have developed certain muscles around their eyes. T
48、his helps them make the adorable expressions that win over humans. Like wolves, dogs also like to lick faces. Humans think their pets are kissing them, but they are not. “Its how wolf puppies get food from their parents mouths,” Siracusa said. “It also can be a sign of submission. When a lower-ranki
49、ng individual approaches a higher-ranking one, it gets down real low and licks the dominant one to say: Im not a threat to you.”Which statement summarizes the fourth paragraph?APet cats bury their waste because their wild ancestors did so.BHumans like the fact that their pet cats bury their waste.CCats are uninterested in keeping a low tone.DCats have change