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1、优点英语五年（2019-2023）年高考英语真题分项汇编专题13 阅读理解议论文 （原卷版）2023年高考真题题组【2023全国乙卷】If you want to tell the history of the whole world, a history that does not privilege one part of humanity, you cannot do it through texts alone, because only some of the world has ever had texts, while most of the world, for most of
2、 the time, has not. Writing is one of humanitys later achievements, and until fairly recently even many literate (有文字的) societies recorded their concerns not only in writing but in things.Ideally a history would bring together texts and objects, and some chapters of this book are able to do just tha
3、t, but in many cases we simply cant. The clearest example of this between literate and non-literate history is perhaps the first conflict, at Botany Bay, between Captain Cooks voyage and the Australian Aboriginals. From the English side, we have scientific reports and the captains record of that ter
4、rible day. From the Australian side, we have only a wooden shield (盾) dropped by a man in flight after his first experience of gunshot. If we want to reconstruct what was actually going on that day, the shield must be questioned and interpreted as deeply and strictly as the written reports.In additi
5、on to the problem of miscomprehension from both sides, there are victories accidentally or deliberately twisted, especially when only the victors know how to write. Those who are on the losing side often have only their things to tell their stories. The Caribbean Taino, the Australian Aboriginals, t
6、he African people of Benin and the Incas, all of whom appear in this book, can speak to us now of their past achievements most powerfully through the objects they made: a history told through things gives them back a voice. When we consider contact (联系) between literate and non-literate societies su
7、ch as these, all our first-hand accounts are necessarily twisted, only one half of a dialogue. If we are to find the other half of that conversation, we have to read not just the texts, but the objects.32. What is the first paragraph mainly about?A. How past events should be presented.B. What humani
8、ty is concerned about.C. Whether facts speak louder than words.D. Why written language is reliable.33. What does the author indicate by mentioning Captain Cook in paragraph 2?A. His report was scientific.B. He represented the local people.C. He ruled over Botany Bay.D. His record was one-sided.34. W
9、hat does the underlined word “conversation” in paragraph 3 refer to?A. Problem.B. History.C. Voice.D. Society.35. Which of the following books is the text most likely selected from?A. How Maps Tell Stories of the WorldB. A Short History of AustraliaC. A History of the World in 100 ObjectsD. How Art
10、Works Tell Stories2022年高考真题题组【2022北京卷】Quantum ( 量子 ) computers have been on my mind a lot lately. A friend has been sending me articles on how quantum computers might help solve some of the biggest challenges we face as humans. Ive also had exchanges with two quantum-computing experts. One is comput
11、er scientist Chris Johnson who I see as someone who helps keep the field honest. The other is physicist Philip Taylor.For decades, quantum computing has been little more than a laboratory curiosity. Now, big tech companies have invested in quantum computing, as have many smaller ones. According to B
12、usiness Weekly, quantum machines could help us “cure cancer, and even take steps to turn climate change in the opposite direction.” This is the sort of hype ( 炒作 ) that annoys Johnson. He worries that researchers are making promises they cant keep. “Whats new,” Johnson wrote, “is that millions of do
13、llars are now potentially available to quantum computing researchers.”As quantum computing attracts more attention and funding, researchers may mislead investors, journalists, the public and, worst of all, themselves about their works potential. If researchers cant keep their promises, excitement mi
14、ght give way to doubt, disappointment and anger, Johnson warns. Lots of other technologies have gone through stages of excitement. But something about quantum computing makes it especially prone to hype, Johnson suggests, perhaps because “quantum stands for something cool you shouldnt be able to und
15、erstand.” And that brings me back to Taylor, who suggested that I read his book Q for Quantum.After I read the book, Taylor patiently answered my questions about it. He also answered my questions about PyQuantum, the firm he co-founded in 2016. Taylor shares Johnsons concerns about hype, but he says
16、 those concerns do not apply to PyQuantum.The company, he says, is closer than any other firm “by a very large margin ( 幅度 )” to building a “useful” quantum computer, one that “solves an impactful problem that we would not have been able to solve otherwise.” He adds, “People will naturally discount
17、my opinions, but I have spent a lot of time quantitatively comparing what we are doing with others.”Could PyQuantum really be leading all the competition “by a wide margin”, as Taylor claims? I dont know. Im certainly not going to advise my friend or anyone else to invest in quantum computers. But I
18、 trust Taylor, just as I trust Johnson.31. Regarding Johnsons concerns, the author feels _.A. sympatheticB. unconcernedC. doubtfulD. excited32. What leads to Taylors optimism about quantum computing?A. His dominance in physics.B. The competition in the field.C. His confidence in PyQuantum.D. The inv
19、estment of tech companies.33. What does the underlined word “prone” in Paragraph 3 most probably mean?A. Open.B. Cool.C. Useful.D. Resistant.34. Which would be the best title for the passage?A. Is Johnson More Competent Than Taylor?B. Is Quantum Computing Redefining Technology?C. Will Quantum Comput
20、ers Ever Come into Being?D. Will Quantum Computing Ever Live Up to Its Hype?【2022天津卷】Ralph Emerson once said that the purpose of life is not to be happy, but to be useful, to be loving, to make some difference in the world. While we appreciate such words of wisdom, we rarely try to follow them in ou
21、r lives.Most people prefer to live a good life themselves, ignoring their responsibilities for the world. This narrow perception of a good life may provide short-term benefits, but is sure to lead to long-term harm and suffering. A good life based on comfort and luxury may eventually lead to more pa
22、in be-cause we spoil our health and even our character, principles, ideals, and relationships.What then, is the secret of a good life? A good life is a process, not a state of being : a direction, not a destination. We have to earn a good life by first serving others without any expectation in retur
23、n because their happiness is the very source of our own happiness. More importantly, we must know ourselves inside out. Only when we examine ourselves deeply can we discover our abilities and recognize our limitations, and then work accordingly to create a better world.The first requirement for a go
24、od life is having a loving heart. When we do certain right things merely as a duty, we find our job so tiresome that well soon burn out. However, when we do that same job out of love, we not only enjoy what we do, but also do it with an effortless feeling.However, love alone is insufficient to lead
25、a good life. Love sometimes blinds us to the reality. Consequently, our good intentions may not lead to good results. To achieve desired outcome, those who want to do good to others also need to equip themselves with accurate world knowledge. False knowledge is more dangerous than ignorance. If love
26、 is the engine of a car knowledge is the steering wheel(方向盘). If the engine lacks power, th car cant move; if the driver loses control of the steering, a road accident probably occurs. Only with love in heart and the right knowledge in mind can we lead a good life.With love and knowledge, we go all
27、out to create a better world by doing good to others. When we see the impact of our good work on the world we give meaning to our life and earn lasting joy and happiness.51. What effect does the narrow perception of a good life have on us?A. Making us simple-mindedB. Making us short-signted.C. Leadi
28、ng us onto a busy road.D. Keeping us from comfort and luxury.52. According to the author, how can one gain true happiness?A. Through maintaining good health.B. By going through pain and suffering.C. By recognizing ones abilities and limitations.D. Through offering help much needed by others.53. Acco
29、rding to Paragraph 4, doing certain right things with a loving heart makes one_.A. less selfishB. less annoyingC. more motivatedD. more responsible54. In what case may good intentions fail to lead to desired results?A. When we have wrong knowledge of the world.B. When our love for the world is insuf
30、ficient.C. When we are insensitive to dangers in life.D. When we stay blind to the reality.55. According to Paragraph 5, life can be made truly good when _.A. inspired by love and guided by knowledgeB. directed by love and pushed by knowledgeC. purified by love and enriched by knowledgeD. promoted b
31、y love and defined by knowledge2021年高考真题题组【2021新高考I卷】Popularization has in some cases changed the original meaning of emotional (情感的) intelligence. Many people now misunderstand emotional intelligence as almost everything desirable in a persons makeup that cannot be measured by an IQ test, such as c
32、haracter, motivation, confidence, mental stability, optimism and “people skills.” Research has shown that emotional skills may contribute to some of these qualities, but most of them move far beyond skill-based emotional intelligence.We prefer to describe emotional intelligence as a specific set of
33、skills that can be used for either good or bad purposes. The ability to accurately understand how others are feeling may be used by a doctor to find how best to help her patients, while a cheater might use it to control potential victims. Being emotionally intelligent does not necessarily make one a
34、 moral person. Although popular beliefs regarding emotional intelligence run far ahead of what research can reasonably support, the overall effects of the publicity have been more beneficial than harmful. The most positive aspect of this popularization is a new and much needed emphasis (重视) on emoti
35、on by employers, educators and others interested in promoting social well-being. The popularization of emotional intelligence has helped both the public and researchers re-evaluate the functionality of emotions and how they serve people adaptively in everyday life.Although the continuing popular app
36、eal of emotional intelligence is desirable, we hope that such attention will excite a greater interest in the scientific and scholarly study of emotion. It is our hope that in coming decades, advances in science will offer new perspectives (视角) from which to study how people manage their lives. Emot
37、ional intelligence, with its focus on both head and heart, may serve to point us in the right direction.32. What is a common misunderstanding of emotional intelligence?A. It can be measured by an IQ test.B. It helps to exercise a persons mind.C. It includes a set of emotional skills.D. It refers to
38、a persons positive qualities.33. Why does the author mention “doctor” and “cheater” in paragraph 2?A. To explain a rule.B. To clarify a concept.C. To present a fact.D. To make a prediction.34. What is the authors attitude to the popularization of emotional intelligence?A. Favorable.B. Intolerant.C.
39、Doubtful.D. Unclear.35. What does the last paragraph mainly talk about concerning emotional intelligence?A. Its appeal to the public.B. Expectations for future studies.C. Its practical application.D. Scientists with new perspectives.【2021全国甲卷】Who is a genius? This question has greatly interested hum
40、ankind for centuries.Lets state clearly: Einstein was a genius. His face is almost the international symbol for genius. But we want to go beyond one man and explore the nature of genius itself. Why is it that some people are so much more intelligent or creative than the rest of us? And who are they?
41、 In the sciences and arts, those praised as geniuses were most often white men, of European origin. Perhaps this is not a surprise. Its said that history is written by the victors, and those victors set the standards for admission to the genius club. When contributions were made by geniuses outside
42、the clubwomen, or people of a different color or beliefthey were unacknowledged and rejected by others.A study recently published by Science found that as young as age six, girls are less likely than boys to say that members of their gender (性别) are “really, really smart.” Even worse, the study foun
43、d that girls act on that belief: Around age six they start to avoid activities said to be for children who are “really, really smart.” Can our planet afford to have any great thinkers become discouraged and give up? It doesnt take a genius to know the answer: absolutely not.Heres the good news. In a
44、 wired world with constant global communication, were all positioned to see flashes of genius wherever they appear. And the more we look, the more we will see that social factors(因素)like gender, race, and class do not determine the appearance of genius. As a writer says, future geniuses come from th
45、ose with “intelligence, creativity, perseverance (毅力), and simple good fortune, who are able to change the world.”12. What does the author think of victors standards for joining the genius club?A. Theyre unfair. B. Theyre conservative. C. Theyre objective.D. Theyre strict.13. What can we infer about
46、 girls from the study in Science?A. They think themselves smart.B. They look up to great thinkers.C. They see gender differences earlier than boys.D. They are likely to be influenced by social beliefs14. Why are more geniuses known to the public?A. Improved global communication.B. Less discriminatio
47、n against women.C. Acceptance of victors concepts.D. Changes in peoples social positions.15. What is the best title for the text?A. Geniuses Think AlikeB. Genius Takes Many FormsC. Genius and IntelligenceD. Genius and Luck【2021天津卷】There is something to be said for being a generalist, even if you are
48、 a specialist. Knowing a little about a lot of things that interest you can add to the richness of a whole, well-lived life.Society pushes us to specialize, to become experts. This requires commitment to a particular occupation, branch of study or research. The drawback to being specialists is we often come to know more and more about less and less. There is a great deal of pressure to master ones field. You may pursue training, degrees, or increasing levels of responsibility at work. Then you discover the pressure of having to keep up.S