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1、优点英语五年（2019-2023）年高考英语真题分项汇编专题11 阅读理解记叙文、新闻报道 （原卷版）2023年高考真题题组【2023新高考I卷】When John Todd was a child, he loved to explore the woods around his house, observing how nature solved problems. A dirty stream, for example, often became clear after flowing through plants and along rocks where tiny creatures
2、 lived. When he got older, John started to wonder if this process could be used to clean up the messes people were making.After studying agriculture, medicine, and fisheries in college, John went back to observing nature and asking questions. Why can certain plants trap harmful bacteria (细菌)? Which
3、kinds of fish can eat cancer-causing chemicals? With the right combination of animals and plants, he figured, maybe he could clean up waste the way nature did. He decided to build what he would later call an eco-machine.The task John set for himself was to remove harmful substances from some sludge
4、(污泥). First, he constructed a series of clear fiberglass tanks connected to each other. Then he went around to local ponds and streams and brought back some plants and animals. He placed them in the tanks and waited. Little by little, these different kinds of life got used to one another and formed
5、their own ecosystem. After a few weeks, John added the sludge.He was amazed at the results. The plants and animals in the eco-machine took the sludge as food and began to eat it! Within weeks, it had all been digested, and all that was left was pure water.Over the years, John has taken on many big j
6、obs. He developed a greenhouse like facility that treated sewage (污水) from 1,600 homes in South Burlington. He also designed an eco-machine to clean canal water in Fuzhou, a city in southeast China.“Ecological design” is the name John gives to what he does. “Life on Earth is kind of a box of spare p
7、arts for the inventor,” he says. “You put organisms in new relationships and observe whats happening. Then you let these new systems develop their own ways to self-repair.”4. What can we learn about John from the first two paragraphs?A. He was fond of traveling.B. He enjoyed being alone.C. He had an
8、 inquiring mind.D. He longed to be a doctor.5. Why did John put the sludge into the tanks?A. To feed the animals.B. To build an ecosystem.C. To protect the plants.D. To test the eco-machine.6. What is the authors purpose in mentioning Fuzhou?A. To review Johns research plans.B. To show an applicatio
9、n of Johns idea.C. To compare Johns different jobs.D. To erase doubts about Johns invention.7. What is the basis for Johns work?A. Nature can repair itself.B. Organisms need water to survive.C. Life on Earth is diverse.D. Most tiny creatures live in groups.【2023新高考II卷】Turning soil, pulling weeds, an
10、d harvesting cabbage sound like tough work for middle and high school kids. And at first it is, says Abby Jaramillo, who with another teacher started Urban Sprouts, a school garden program at four low-income schools. The program aims to help students develop science skills, environmental awareness,
11、and healthy lifestyles. Jaramillos students live in neighborhoods where fresh food and green space are not easy to find and fast food restaurants outnumber grocery stores. “The kids literally come to school with bags of snacks and large bottles of soft drinks,” she says. “They come to us thinking ve
12、getables are awful, dirt is awful, insects are awful.” Though some are initially scared of the insects and turned off by the dirt, most are eager to try something new. Urban Sprouts classes, at two middle schools and two high schools, include hands-on experiments such as soil testing, flower-and-see
13、d dissection, tastings of fresh or dried produce, and work in the garden. Several times a year, students cook the vegetables they grow, and they occasionally make salads for their entire schools. Program evaluations show that kids eat more vegetables as a result of the classes. “We have students who
14、 say they went home and talked to their parents and now theyre eating differently,” Jaramillo says. She adds that the programs benefits go beyond nutrition. Some students get so interested in gardening that they bring home seeds to start their own vegetable gardens. Besides, working in the garden se
15、ems to have a calming effect on Jaramillos special education students, many of whom have emotional control issues. “They get outside,” she says, “and they feel successful.”4. What do we know about Abby Jaramillo?A. She used to be a health worker.B. She grew up in a low-income family.C. She owns a fa
16、st food restaurant.D. She is an initiator of Urban Sprouts.5. What was a problem facing Jaramillo at the start of the program?A. The kids parents distrusted her.B. Students had little time for her classes.C. Some kids disliked garden work.D. There was no space for school gardens.6. Which of the foll
17、owing best describes the impact of the program?A. Far-reaching.B. Predictable.C. Short-lived.D. Unidentifiable.7. What can be a suitable title for the text?A. Rescuing School GardensB. Experiencing Country LifeC. Growing Vegetable LoversD. Changing Local Landscape【2023全国甲卷】Terri Bolton is a dab hand
18、 when it comes to DIY (do-it-yourself). Skilled at putting up shelves and piecing together furniture, she never pays someone else to do a job she can do herself.She credits these skills to her late grandfather and builder Derek Lloyd. From the age of six, Terri, now 26, accompanied Derek to work dur
19、ing her school holidays. A days work was rewarded with 5 in pocket money. She says: “Im sure I wasnt much of a help to start with painting the rooms and putting down the flooring throughout the house. It took weeks and is was backbreaking work, but I know he was proud of my skills.”Terri, who now re
20、nts abhouse with friends in Wandsworth, South West London, says DIY also saves her from losing any deposit when a tenancy (租期) comes to an end. She adds: “Ive moved house many times and I always like to personalise my room and put up pictures. So, its been useful to know how to cover up holes and re
21、paint a room to avoid any charges when Ive moved out.”With millions of people likely to take on DIY projects over that coming weeks, new research shows that more than half of people are planning to make the most of the long, warm summer days to get jobs done. The average spend per project will be ar
22、ound 823. Two thirds of people aim to improve their comfort while at home. Two fifth wish to increase the value of their house. Though DIY has traditionally been seen as male hobby, the research shows it is women now leading the charge.24. Which is closest in meaning to “a dab hand” in paragraph 1?A
23、. An artist.B. A winner.C. A specialist.D. A pioneer.25. Why did Terris grandfather give her 5 a day?A. For a birthday gift.B. As a treat for her work.C. To support her DIY projects.D. To encourage her to take up a hobby.26. How did Terri avoid losing the deposit on the house she rented?A. By making
24、 it look like before.B. By furmishing it herself.C. By splitting the rent with a roommate.D. By cancelling the rental agreement.27. What trend in DIY does the research show?A. It is becoming more costly.B. It is getting more time-consuming.C. It is turning into a seasonal industry.D. It is gaining p
25、opularity among females.【2023全国乙卷】Living in Iowa and trying to become a photographer specializing in landscape (风景) can be quite a challenge, mainly because the corn state lacks geographical variation.Although landscapes in the Midwest tend to be quite similar, either farm fields or highways, someti
26、mes I find distinctive character in the hills or lakes. To make some of my landscape shots, I have traveled up to four hours away to shoot within a 10-minute time frame. I tend to travel with a few of my friends to state parks or to the countryside to go on adventures and take photos along the way.B
27、eing at the right place at the right time is decisive in any style of photography. I often leave early to seek the right destinations so I can set up early to avoid missing the moment I am attempting to photograph. I have missed plenty of beautiful sunsets/sunrises due to being on the spot only five
28、 minutes before the best moment.One time my friends and I drove three hours to Devils Lake, Wisconsin, to climb the purple quartz (石英) rock around the lake. After we found a crazy-looking road that hung over a bunch of rocks, we decided to photograph the scene at sunset. The position enabled us to l
29、ook over the lake with the sunset in the background. We managed to leave this spot to climb higher because of the spare time until sunset. However, we did not mark the route (路线) so we ended up almost missing the sunset entirely. Once we found the place, it was stressful getting lights and cameras s
30、et up in the limited time. Still, looking back on the photos, they are some of my best shots though they could have been so much better if I would have been prepared and managed my time wisely.24. How does the author deal with the challenge as a landscape photographer in the Midwest?A. By teaming up
31、 with other photographers.B. By shooting in the countryside or state parks.C. By studying the geographical conditions.D. By creating settings in the corn fields.25. What is the key to successful landscape photography according to the author?A. Proper time management.B. Good shooting techniques.C. Ad
32、venturous spirit.D. Distinctive styles.26. What can we infer from the author trip with friends to Devils Lake?A. They went crazy with the purple quartz rock.B. They felt stressed while waiting for the sunset.C. They reached the shooting spot later than expected.D. They had problems with their equipm
33、ent.27. How does the author find his photos taken at Devils Lake?A. Amusing.B. Satisfying.C. Encouraging.D. Comforting.【2023浙江1月卷】Live with roommates? Have friends and family around you? Chances are that if youre looking to live a more sustainable lifestyle, not everyone around you will be ready to
34、jump on that bandwagon. I experienced this when I started switching to a zero waste lifestyle five years ago, as I was living with my parents, and I continue to experience this with my husband, as he is not completely zero waste like me. Ive learned a few things along the way though, which I hope yo
35、ull find encouraging if youre doing your best to figure out how you can make the change in a not-always-supportive household. Zero waste was a radical lifestyle movement a few years back. I remember showing my parents a video of Bea Johnson, sharing how cool I thought it would be to buy groceries wi
36、th jars, and have so little trash! A few days later, I came back with my first jars of zero waste groceries, and my dad commented on how silly it was for me to carry jars everywhere. It came off as a bit discouraging. Yet as the months of reducing waste continued, I did what I could that was within
37、my own reach. I had my own bedroom, so I worked on removing things I didnt need. Since I had my own toiletries (洗漱用品), I was able to start personalising my routine to be more sustainable. I also offered to cook every so often, so I portioned out a bit of the cupboard for my own zero waste groceries.
38、 Perhaps your household wont entirely make the switch, but you may have some control over your own personal spaces to make the changes you desire. As you make your lifestyle changes, you may find yourself wanting to speak up for yourself if others comment on what youre doing, which can turn itself i
39、nto a whole household debate. If you have individuals who are not on board, your words probably wont do much and can often leave you feeling more discouraged. So here is my advice: Lead by action.24. What do the underlined words “jump on that bandwagon” mean in the first paragraph?A. Share an apartm
40、ent with you.B. Join you in what youre doing.C. Transform your way of living.D. Help you to make the decision.25. What was the attitude of the authors father toward buying groceries with jars?A. He disapproved of it.B. He was favorable to it.C. He was tolerant of it.D. He didnt care about it.26. Wha
41、t can we infer about the author?A. She is quite good at cooking.B. She respects others privacy.C. She enjoys being a housewife.D. She is a determined person.27. What is the text mainly about?A. How to get on well with other family members.B. How to have ones own personal space at home.C. How to live
42、 a zero waste lifestyle in a household.D. How to control the budget when buying groceries.【2023浙江1月卷】A machine can now not only beat you at chess, it can also outperform you in debate. Last week, in a public debate in San Francisco, a software program called Project Debater beat its human opponents,
43、 including Noa Ovadia, Israels former national debating champion. Brilliant though it is, Project Debater has some weaknesses. It takes sentences from its library of documents and prebuilt arguments and strings them together. This can lead to the kinds of errors no human would make. Such wrinkles wi
44、ll no doubt be ironed out, yet they also point to a fundamental problem. As Kristian Hammond, professor of electrical engineering and computer science at Northwestern University, put it: “Theres never a stage at which the system knows what its talking about.”What Hammond is referring to is the quest
45、ion of meaning, and meaning is central to what distinguishes the least intelligent of humans from the most intelligent of machines. A computer works with symbols. Its program specifies a set of rules to transform one string of symbols into another. But it does not specify what those symbols mean. In
46、deed, to a computer, meaning is irrelevant. Humans, in thinking, talking, reading and writing, also work with symbols. But for humans, meaning is everything. When we communicate, we communicate meaning. What matters is not just the outside of a string of symbols, but the inside too, not just how the
47、y are arranged but what they mean. Meaning emerges through a process of social interaction, not of computation, interaction that shapes the content of the symbols in our heads. The rules that assign meaning lie not just inside our heads, but also outside, in society, in social memory, social convent
48、ions and social relations. It is this that distinguishes humans from machines. And thats why, however astonishing Project Debater may seem, the tradition that began with Socrates and Confucius will not end with artificial intelligence.28. Why does the author mention Noa Ovadia in the first paragraph?A. To explain the use of a software program.B. To show the cleverness of Project Debater.C. To introduce the designer of Project Debater.D. To emphasize the fairness of the competition.29. What does the underlined word “wrinkles” in paragraph 2 refer to?A. Arguments.B. Doubts