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1、专题05 现在进行时和现在完成时的被动语态-牛津译林版（2020）英语高一语法透析与专练新高考形势下该语法主要会结合时态在语法填空题中考查。学生需要先分析句子主要成分，判定主动还是被动；然后分析该空前后找出关键词（时间状语等），确定时态，根据不同时态的动词形式变化所给词的形式。一、现在完成时(一）构成肯定句：主语+have/has+过去分词+其他.否定句：主语+have/has+not+过去分词+其他?一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+过去分词+其他简略答语：Yes,主语+have/has.(肯定) No,主语+havent/hasnt.(否定)(二）基本用法（1）现在完成时表示过去发生或已
2、经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。I have spent all of my money (so far).(含义：现在我没有钱花了)Guo Zijun has (just/already) come.(含义：郭子君现在在这儿)My father has gone to work.(含义：我爸爸现在不在这儿)【例题精讲】例1 I _（read) half of the English novel, and Ill try to finish it at the weekend.【答案】 have read【解析】考查时态。前一分句表示到现在已经完成的动作，并且这个动作的结果对现在的情况有影
3、响，故用现在完成时。例2 How much do you know about the Winter Olympic Games to be held in Beijing and Zhangjiakou?Well, the media _ (cover)it in a variety of forms.【答案】 have covered【解析】考查时态。由句意可知cover的动作已经发生，故用现在完成时，强调对现在造成的影响或结果。（2）现在完成时可以用来表示发生在过去某一时刻的、持续到现在的动作（用行为动词表示）或状态（用be动词表示），常与for (+时间段）、since (+时间点或过
4、去时的从句）连用。for+时间段 since+过去一个时间点（译为：自从以来）since+时间段+ago )since+从句（一般过去时）It is+时间段+since+从句(一般过去时）Mary has been ill for three days.玛丽病了三天了。I have lived here since 1998.从1998年起我就住在这儿了。（3）常用瞬间动词变延续性动词：1.have arrived at/got to/reachedhave been/stayed in/at.（相应的介词）2.have come back/returnedhave been back3.ha
5、ve come/gone have been in/away4.have become have been5.have closed/openedhave been closed/open6.have got up have been up7.have died have been dead8.have left have been away9. have fallen asleep/got to sleep have been asleep10. have finished/ended/completedhave been over11.have married have been marr
6、ied12.have begun have been on13.have borrowed/bought have kept/had14.have lost havent had15.have put onhave worn16.have caught a cold have had a cold17.have got to knowhave known【例题精讲】例1 Since 1958,they _ (recognize) as the national theatres of Israel.【答案】have been recognized【解析】考查时态和语态。根据Since 1958
7、可知句子应用现在完成时；be recognized as表示“被当作”。所以用现在完成时的被动语态。例2 The reports went missing in 2012 and nobody _ (see) them since.【答案】 has seen【解析】since表示“从那以后”，常与现在完成时连用。这些报告在2012年不见了，从那以后再没有人见到过它们。例3 Look,it is snowing again. Yeah.This is the third snow we _ (have) this spring.【答案】have had【解析】考查时态。This/It is th
8、e+序数词.that sb.have/has done sth.是固定句式，表示“这是某人第次做某事”（4）现在完成时的标志现在完成时的用法之一是过去完成的动作对现在仍有影响，用以下四类标志词可以表达这种用法：*以already,just和yet为标志He has already got her help.他已得到她的帮助。He has just seen the film.他刚刚看过这部电影。He hasnt come back yet.他还没有回来。【例题精讲】The trees blown down in the storm_ (move) away already.Cars can g
9、o through normally.【答案】have been moved【解析】考查时态和语态。主语为The trees,与谓语 move away为被动关系，该句中用现在完成时态的被动语态，表示“目前已经被移开”之意。*以ever和never为标志This is the best film I have ever seen.这是我曾经看过的最好的一部电影。He has never been to Beijing.他从没有到过北京。*以动作发生的次数为标志He says he has been to the USA three times.他说他已经去过美国三次了。*以so far(到目前
10、为止)为标志He has got to Beijing so far.到目前为止他已到了北京。She has passed the exam so far.到目前为止她已经通过了考试。过去已经开始的动作一直延续到现在，甚至有可能继续延续下去，我们可以从动作“延续”的特性和“时间”点与段的区分入手，进一步学习现在完成时。*以for+时间段为标志*以since+过去一个时间点/从句（过去时）为标志注意：1）现在完成时不能单独与过去的时间状语连用，如yesterday，last week，three years ago等；2）现在完成时不能与when 连用：3）现在完成时往往同表示不确定的过去时间状
11、语连用。already：“已经”，通常用于肯定句，放在句中。如：I have already read this book.有时，也用在疑问句中表示惊讶。如：Have you eaten up all the food already?yet：“仍然，还”，用于疑问句和否定句，放在句末。如：I havent read this book yet. Have you had breakfast yet?ever：“曾经”，通常用于疑问句和肯定句，放在句中。如：I have ever seen this film. Have you ever been to the USA?never：“从来不”
12、，用于否定句，放在句中。如：Is he famous? I have never heard of him.just：“刚刚”，用于陈述句，放在句中。如：I have just bought a novel.（三）现在完成时与一般过去时的比较现在完成时很容易与一般过去时混淆，其区别是：前者强调对现在的影响和结果，后者不强调这个影响和结果，而是强调这个动作发生的时间是在过去。如：Ive lived here for ten years.我在这里住了10年。(现在仍住在这儿)I lived here for ten years.我在这里住过10年。（现在不住在这儿了）Has he got up?
13、他起来了吗? (着眼现在情况)Did you get up very early?你起来很早吗?(着眼动作本身）Ive got no news of him.我没听到他的消息。(不知道他的情况怎样）I got the news from Jim.这个消息我是从吉姆那儿听来的。(单纯谈论动作）【例题精讲】单句改错John has lived in the United States for decades, but in the past years he has already adapted to living in China.【答案】has livedlived【分析】由第二分句可知约翰
14、现在在中国生活，所以约翰在美国生活是过去的事情，与现在无关。强调发生在过去的动作，要用一般过去时。（四）注意事项1.have been to和 have gone to的用法区别两者均可后接地点，前者表示去过某地，通常可与表示次数的状语连用；后者表示到某地去了，强调说话时去某地的人不在场。比较：She has been to Europe twice.她去过两次欧洲。She has gone to Europe. 她到欧洲去了。（即现在不在这儿）注意：若其后不是接名词，而是接副词，则不用to。He has been abroad many times.他出过国多次。He has gone ho
15、me.他回家去了。2.现在完成时除可以和for，since短语连用外，还可以和下面的短语连用：during/in/over the last (past) few years (months,weeks),in recent years,so far,up to now等。【例题精讲】单句改错A large number of excellent films produced all over the world over the past decades.【答案】produced 前加 have been【解析】“over/in the past+一段时间”用于现在完成时，再由句意可知，应用
16、其被动式。have been done表示已经完成的被动动作。a large number of excellent films是名词复数。3.下列句型中常用现在完成时。It is (has been)+一段时间+since从句This (That/It)is the first (second.)time that+现在完成时This (That/It) is the best/finest/most interesting.+that+现在完成时Its the second lime Ive come here.这是我第二次来这儿。Its the first time that he ha
17、s seen an elephant.这是他第一次见到大象。4.在时间或条件状语从句中，现在完成时可以代替将来完成时。I shall post the letter as soon as I have written it.我一写完信就寄出去。If you have done the experiment,you will realize the theory better. 你若做了实验就会更好地明白理论了。Dont get off the bus until it has stopped.公共汽车停之前不要下车。【例题精讲】We wont start the work until all
18、the preparations _ (make).【答案】have been made【解析】考查动词的时态和语态。not.until.引导的时间状语从句用一般现在时或现在完成时表将来，从句动作make发生在主句动作start之前，故用现在完成时表示将要完成的动作。make与preparations之间为被动关系，故此处用现在完成时的被动语态。二、现在进行时的被动语态1.现在进行时的被动语态的形式现在进行时的被动语态的形式肯定式am/is/are + being done否定式am/is/are + not +being done一般疑问式Am/ls/Are+主语+being done特殊疑
19、问式疑问词+is/are +主语being done请观察以下的句子：A new school is being built in our town.Some of the roads are being repaired now.The finishing touches are now being put to the new swimming pool. A new community sports centre is being built by the city government.Some trees are being planted by the students in th
20、e park these days.My letters are always being put in Mr. Smiths mailbox.【例题精讲】1.This film is_ (show)now.2.Some animals _(没有被保护)well enough at present.3.Is the car _(repair)?-Yes, it is. Where is the machine being repaired?In the factory.【答案】1. being shown； 2. are not being protected； 3. being repair
21、ed2.现在进行时的被动语态的用法表示正在进行或正在发生的被动动作。My bedroom_(paint)now.表示现阶段或目前这段时间正在进行的被动动作,但这一被动动作在此时此刻不一定正在发生。The bridge_(build)by the workers from Shandong Province.少数及物动词的进行时表示按计划、安排将要承受某个动作。A concert is being held tonight.be + under/in/on +n.可表示现在进行时的被动语态的含义。The telephone is _use. = The telephone is being us
22、ed.Many new products are _show.= Many new products are being shown.与情态动词连用,表示对现在正在发生的被动行为的推测。-Do you know what John is doing ?-He is ill. He may _ (examine)by the doctor.注意短语动词变为被动语态时,短语中的介词或副词不能省掉,应当看成一个整体。 The children _ (正在被照顾)here.【答案】is being painted is being built in；on be being examined are b
23、eing taken good care of三、现在完成时的被动语态1.现在完成时的被动语态的形式现在完成时的被动语态的形式肯定式主语+ have/has +been + done否定式主语+have/has + not + been done般疑问式Have/Has+主语+been+ done特殊疑问式疑问词+have/has+主语been+done请观察以下的句子：The room have been cleaned.What can be done has been done.The issue has been talked about.Jenny has been asked to
24、 make an exercise plan by her PE teacher.【例题精讲】1.This book _ (translate)into many languages. 这本书已被翻译成多种语言。2. She_ (tell)about it yet. 她还没有被告知这件事。【答案】has been translated ； has not been told2.现在完成时的被动语态的用法表示被动的动作发生在过去，强调对现在造成的影响和结果。The door has been locked. 门锁上了。表示一个被动的动作或状态开始于过去，持续到现在，并可能将持续下去,常与for
25、a time、since、how long等时间状语连用。 The child_(take good care of)by his grandma all these years.这孩子这些年来一直受到他奶奶的照顾。【答案】has been taken care of3.使用现在完成时的被动语态需要注意的问题现在完成时的被动语态有两个助动词，即have/has和been，两者缺一不可。注意其与一般过去时的被动语态的区别。一般过去时的被动语态表示一个被动的动作发生在过去某个时间，其结果对现在没有影响；而现在完成时的被动语态的动作或状态尽管发生在过去,但强调该动作或状态对现在造成的影响和结果。Th
26、e house_(build)last year.这房子是去年建的。The house has been built. We can move in.【答案】was built由finish、buy、start、begin、return、borrow、join、marry、open等短暂性动词构成的现在完成时的被动语态不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。若要表达相应的意思,则需改换动词或时态。误How long has this book been bought?正 How long ago was this book bought?【语法专练】1.All his money _(use) up a
27、nd he has to borrow some.2. Look out！You _(follow) by a stranger3.-The window is dirty.-I know. It_(not clean) for weeks.4. Paper money _(use) for over nine hundred years.5.-Have you moved into the new house?-Not yet. The rooms_(paint)6.The boy_(在被教)how to cook fish by his mother now.7. Every boy an
28、d every girl_(被对待) equally in China now.8.The story_(被翻译成) several languages so far.9. In my hometown, there is always a harvest supper for the farmers after all the wheat_(被收割).10. No agreement_(被达成) so far by the two sides.11. We wont start the work until all the preparations_(被做好).12. Our manager
29、_(正在被采访) by a reporter in the next meeting room now.13. Can I use your computer? Mine_(在被修) at present.【答案】1.has been used 2. are being followed 3.hasnt been cleaned 4.has been used; 5are being painted 6.is being taught 7.is being treated 8.has been translated; 9.has been cut 10. has been reached; 1
30、1 have been made 12.is being interviewed; 13.is being repaired.请用所给动词正确的语态形式填空。Reporter: Mr. Wu, thank you for agreeing to this interview.May I ask you what has been prepared for the sports meeting?Mr. Wu: Well, the date of the sports meeting (1)_(decide): 14 May.Reporter: What about the location?Mr
31、. Wu: The location has been decided. The sports meeting (2)_(hold) in the new school sports center.Reporter: How many sports events will there be for the sports meeting this year?Mr. Wu: Last year, we had 30 medal events. Five more (3)_(consider) for this year.Reporter: What are the rules for each s
32、port?Mr. Wu: They (4)_ (not decide) yet.Reporter: (5)_all the equipment (6)_(put) in place yet?Mr. Wu: No. The equipment (7)_(prepare) for now.Reporter: Thank you, Mr. Wu. I hope the school sports meeting (8)_(be) a great success.【答案】1. has been decided 2.will be held/is going to be held 3.are being considered/have been considered 4. havent been decided 5.Has 6.been put 7.is being prepared 8.will be9