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1、单元十二 名词性从句（精讲案）2024届高考英语解锁大单元一轮复习【配套新教材】名词性从句的概述在句子中起名词作用的句子叫做名词性从句。名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组，是一种具有名词功能的非独立分句，包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。一、主语从句1. 主语从句的引导词在主从复合句中充当主语的从句叫做主语从句。主语从句通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it代替，而本身放在句子末尾。引导词有三类：从属连词只起连接作用，不在从句中作成分；连接代词在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语；连接副词在从句中作状语。（1）that 引导的主语从句that引导主语从句时，在从句中不作任何成分，且无词义
2、。一般不可省略。That they were in truth sisters was clear from the facial similarity between them.从她们的面貌相似度就能清楚地看出她们是亲姐妹。（2）wh-类连接词引导的主语从句wh-类连接词包括wh-类的连接代词（who, whom, whose, what, whoever, whomever, whatever等）和连接副词（when, where, how, why, whenever, wherever, however等）。语序为wh-类连接词加陈述句。What Barbara Jones offer
3、s to her fans is honesty and happiness.芭芭拉琼斯展现给她的粉丝们的是诚实和快乐。（3）whether引导的主语从句whether引导的主语从句常置于句首，有时也可用it作形式主语代替。Whether he can finish his task on time is of great importance.他能否按时完成任务非常重要。注意：whether与if引导主语从句的区别：主语从句位于主句谓语动词前，表示是否，只能用whether，不可用if引导；若用it作形式主语，则if与whether可互换。Whether we can have clean
4、drinking water lies in what effective measures will be taken by the government about water pollution.我们能否有干净的饮用水取决于政府将采取什么样的有效措施处理水污染问题。Its uncertain whether/ if hell come this evening.他今天晚上是否会来还不确定。2. it作形式主语的主语从句（1）it作形式主语，从属连词that引导的从句作真正的主语。 It + be +形容词（obvious, true, natural, surprising, good,
5、 wonderful, funny, possible, likely, certain, probable 等）+ that 从句It isnt likely that I should accept such an offer as that.我不可能接受像那样的帮助。注意：在It is necessary/ important/ surprising/ unthinkable/ unbelievable/ strange/ incredible + that从句结构中，从句的谓语动词常用should +动词原形，should可以省略。Its necessary that a colleg
6、e student (should) master one or two foreign languages.大学生掌握一两门外语是必要的。 It + be +名词词组（no wonder, an honor, a good thing, a pity, no surprise等）+ that从句Its no wonder that he didnt want to go.难怪他不想去。 It + be +过去分词（said, reported, thought, expected, decided, announced, arranged等）+ that从句It is decided tha
7、t the meeting has been put off till next Monday.会议被推迟到下周一召开已经定下来了。注意：在It + be + suggested/ advised/ ordered/ requested/ required/ insisted/ demanded + that从句结构中，that 从句的谓语动词应用should +动词原形，should可省略。It is suggested that you (should) spend more time in studying English.建议你花更多的时间学习英语。 It +动词/ 动词短语（seem
8、, appear, happen, matter, turn out, occur to, make no difference等）+ that从句It suddenly occurred to her that Joe was afraid of being alone.她突然想到乔害怕独自一个人待着。（2）it作形式主语，连接代词、连接副词或whether/ if引导的主语从句作真正的主语。It is uncertain what side effect the medicine will bring about, although about two thousand patients
9、have taken it.尽管大约两千名患者已经服用了这种药，但是它会带来什么样的副作用还不清楚。It is not immediately clear whether/ if the financial crisis will soon be over.经济危机是否会很快结束，短时间内不会很明显。二、宾语从句1. 宾语从句的引导词在主从复合句中充当宾语的从句叫做宾语从句。宾语从句位于及物动词、动词短语或介词之后，或由形式宾语it代替，而本身放在句子末尾。引导词有三类：从属连词只起连接作用，不作句子成分，that无词义，whether和if意为是否；连接代词在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语；
10、连接副词在从句中作状语。We promise whoever attends the party a chance to have a photo taken with the movie star.我们保证，任何参加这个聚会的人都有机会与那个电影明星合影。Scientists study how human brains work to make computers.科学家研究人脑如何为了制造计算机工作。（1）that引导的宾语从句that引导宾语从句时无词义，在从句中不作任何成分，口语中一般可以省略。常见的可以接that引导的宾语从句的动词有see, know, imagine, disc
11、over, believe, tell, show, think, consider等，that一般可以省略。I think (that) you should turn to the teacher for help.我认为你应该向老师寻求帮助。注意：that引导宾语从句在下列情况下不能省略： 当that从句作介词的宾语时。I dont know exactly where he lives, except that its somewhere out in the wilds.他住在哪里我不是很清楚，只知道是远离城市的荒野之中。 动词后跟有多个that引导的宾语从句时，只有第一个that可
12、以省略，从第二个从句开始that不可省略。He told me he had to leave and that he would be back soon.他告诉我他得离开且很快就会回来。 宾语从句前有插入语时。We hope, on the contrary, that he will stay at home with us.恰恰相反，我们希望他和我们待在家里。 that引导的从句位于句首时。That prices will go up I know.我知道物价将要上涨。（2）连接代词或连接副词引导的宾语从句 wh-类连接词包括连接代词（who, whom, what, which, w
13、hoever, whichever等）和连接副词（when, where, why, how, whenever, wherever, however等），这些词在从句中既作特定的成分，又有一定的词义，不可省略。 能接疑问词引导的宾语从句的动词或动词短语有study, see, tell, ask, know, decide, find out, imagine, suggest, doubt, wonder, show, discuss, understand, inform, advise, believe in, search for等。Our teachers always tell
14、us to believe in what we do and who we are if we want to succeed.我们的老师总是告诉我们，如果我们想成功的话，就要相信我们所做的事情以及我们自己。（3）whether与if引导的宾语从句whether与if引导宾语从句时，在从句中不作任何成分，但有具体的含义，意为是否。whether与if不能省略。It is still under discussion whether/ if the old bus station should be replaced with a modern hotel or not.这个旧公共汽车站是否应
15、该被一座现代化的宾馆取代仍在讨论中。注意：whether与if均为是否的意思。但在下列情况下只能用whether而不能用if： 宾语从句中的whether与 or not直接连用时，不能换成if；不直接连用时，可互换。I dont know whether or not the report is true.I dont know whether/ if the report is true or not.我不知道这个报道是否是真的。 介词后的宾语从句要用 whether引导，whether可与不定式连用。It depends on whether we have enough time.这取
16、决于我们是否有充足的时间。They dont know whether to go there.他们不知道是否去那里。（与不定式连用） 引导表语从句或同位语从句时。The question is whether we can get in touch with her.问题是我们能否和她取得联系。 whether引导主语从句并置于句首时。Whether he can come to the party on time depends on the traffic.他是否能按时来参加聚会要看交通状况。注意：doubt后接宾语从句时，如果用于肯定句，从句的引导词常用whether或if；用于否定句
17、或疑问句时，从句的引导词常用that。The doctor really doubts whether my mother will recover from the serious disease soon.医生真正怀疑的是我妈妈能否从严重的疾病中很快康复。Never once did I doubt that I would be able to carry out my plan.我从未怀疑过我能执行自己的计划。2. it作形式宾语的宾语从句（1）一些动词后的宾语从句有宾语补足语时，则需要用it作形式宾语，而将that引导的宾语从句后置。这类动词常见的有find, feel, think
18、, consider, believe, guess, suppose, make等。He has made it clear that the meeting will not be postponed.他清楚地表明会议不会被推迟。（2）hate, like, dislike, appreciate, enjoy等表示喜欢、厌恶的动词以及一些动词短语see to, depend on, rely on等常用it作形式宾语，而将宾语从句后置。I shall see to it that he is taken good care of when you are absent.你不在的时候，我负
19、责把他照顾好。三、表语从句1. 通用引导词引导的表语从句在主从复合句中充当表语的从句叫做表语从句。表语从句位于系动词之后。引导词有三类：从属连词只起连接作用，其中if不能引导表语从句，that一般不能省略；连接代词在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语；连接副词在从句中作状语。Jerry did not regret giving the comment but felt that he could have expressed it differently.杰里不后悔给出评论，但是觉得自己本来可以用不同的方式来表达的。Id like to start my own businessthats wh
20、at Id do if I had the money.我想要自己创业那就是如果我有钱将会做的事情。The problem is whether the air pollution can be controlled.问题是空气污染能否被控制住。2. 其他连接词引导的表语从句（1）as if/ as though 引导的表语从句as if/ as though引导的表语从句常跟在be动词，seem, look, taste, sound, feel, appear等连系动词之后。The thick smog covered the whole city. It was as if a grea
21、t black blanket had been thrown over it.厚重的烟雾覆盖着整个城市，好像把一个厚厚的黑色的毯子扔到了它的上面。（2）because和why引导的表语从句because和why也可引导表语从句，但because后接原因，why后接结果。because引导表语从句时，主语不能是reason或cause。常用于以下句型：This/ That is why 这/ 那是的原因。This/ That is because 这/ 那是因为He was fired. That is because he didnt work hard.他被解雇了。那是因为他没有努力工作。
22、He didnt work hard. Thats why he was fired.他没有努力工作。那就是他被解雇的原因。四、同位语从句1. 同位语从句的引导词在主从复合句中充当同位语的从句叫做同位语从句。同位语从句对其前面的抽象名词（news, fact, idea, desire, suggestion, promise, information等）进行解释说明。同位语从句的引导词主要有that, whether, why, who, where, how, when等。在同位语从句中，that和whether不作句子成分，that无词义，whether表示是否。if不能引导同位语从句。
23、引导同位语从句的连词一般都不能省略。The report that he was going to resign was false.他将要辞职的报道是假的。2. 常跟同位语从句的名词后常跟同位语从句的名词有advice, fact, doubt, suggestion, hope, demand, conclusion, idea, news, order, request, thought, word, wish, promise, truth, information, message, belief, report, desire, problem, possibility等。When
24、 the news came that the war broke out, he decided to serve in the army.当战争爆发的消息传来时，他决定参军。注意：同位语从句与定语从句的区别： 同位语从句是对从句前面的名词进行说明或解释；而定语从句是对其前的名词加以修饰或限定。 同位语从句说明的名词一般是news, fact, idea, thought, hope, order等抽象名词；而定语从句的先行词可以是名词、代词、主句的一部分或整个主句。 引导同位语从句的that不充当句子成分，没有任何词汇意义，但通常不可省略。在定语从句中，引导词that在从句中代替先行词作主
25、语、宾语或表语；作宾语时，that可省略。The news that our football team won the match was encouraging.我们的足球队赢得比赛的消息令人鼓舞。（同位语从句）The news (that) we heard on the radio was not true.我们从收音机里听到的消息是不准确的。（定语从句）1. _ made her surprised was _ she received a bunch of flowers for no good reason yesterday.A. That; howB. What; thatC
26、. What; whatD. That; that2. In my opinion, _ makes the book so extraordinary is the creative imagination of the writer.A. whetherB. thatC. whichD. what3. It is not a problem _we can win the battle；its just a matter of time.A. whether B. why C. when D. where4. Having been led to another community by
27、the real estate dealer, he wondered _.A. how much costs this flatB. how does this flat costC. how much this flat costsD. how is this flat cost5. I have to say thats a wonderful plan. But I wonder _. Next month? Or next year?We dont have that much time, Im afraid.A. how soon it will be carried outB.
28、how long it will be carried outC. how soon will it be carried outD. how long will it be carried out6. To improve the quality of our products, we asked for suggestions _ had used the products.A. whateverB. whoeverC. whereverD. whichever7. As many as five courses are provided, and you are free to choo
29、se _ suits you best. A. whateverB. whicheverC. wheneverD. wherever8. Do you think it wise for Chinese mothers to try to do everything for their children?No, thats _ they are mistaken.A. whereB. whatC. whenD. how9. When I was a little boy, the dinner on the eve of Spring Festival was _ I looked forwa
30、rd to most.A. thatB. whatC. whichD. when10. He studied hard and later became a well-known writer, which was _ his father had expected.A. why B. how C. that D. what11. A story goes _ Elizabeth I of England liked nothing more than being surrounded by clever and qualified noblemen at court.A. whenB. wh
31、ereC. whatD. that12. The opinion _learning is a lifelong process has been expressed by education experts throughout the years.A. which B. that C. what D. how13. The question came up at the meeting _we had enough money to conduct the research.A. what B. which C. that D. whether14. _ is highly recomme
32、nded is cheongsam, _ traditional women costume featuring strong national flavor.A. That; 不填B. What; 不填C. That; whichD. what; which15. While they are rare north of 88, there is evidence _ they range all the way across the Arctic, and as far south as James Bay in Canada.A. thatB. in whichC. whereD. fr
33、om which答案以及解析1.答案：B解析：分析句子可知, 该句主句谓语动词是was, was前是一个主语从句, 该从句缺主语, 缺少一个意思是所的表达, 所以用what引导该主语从句；was后是一个表语从句, 该从句意思完整, 成分齐全, 所以用that引导。故选：B。2.答案：D解析：考查主语从句。句意：在我看来，让这本书出色的地方是作者富有创造力的想象。is之前为主语从句，主语从句中缺主语，指的是事物，用what，故选D。3.答案：A解析：考查主语从句。句意：我们能否打赢这场战斗不是问题。这只是时间问题。根据下文its just a matter of time可知，此处指我们能否打赢
34、这场战斗不是问题，it是形式主语，whether引导的从句是真正的主语。故选A。4.答案：C解析：考查宾语从句的语序。句意：在被那个房地产交易商带到另一个社区后，他想知道这套公寓要花多少钱。分析可知，wondered后接的是宾语从句，根据上下文语境可知是对花多少钱进行提问，用how much，并且宾语从句用陈述语气，故选C。5.答案：A解析：本题主要考查宾语从句。根据题目中的Next month? Or next year? 可知，是问多久之后，是在对将来的一段时间提问。how long意为多久、多长时间，主要是对一段时间进行提问。how soon表示不久之后，主要用来对表示将来的一段时间提问
35、。因此应用 how soon引导宾语从句。宾语从句要用陈述句语序，即疑问词+主语+谓语+其他成分。故正确答案为A。6.答案：B解析：本题考查名词性从句.从句缺主语，应选连接代词，结合句意指人，这里指用了产品的任何人，只能选B7.答案：B解析：宾语从句的连接词为本题主要考查点。本题中的whichever suits you best是一个宾语从句，whichever在句中做主语。C、D两项在句中只能做状语。Which是指特定范围之内的某一个，是有范围限制的。句意：提供了多达五门学科，你可以自由选择任何一个最适合你的。说明是有范围限制的，故B正确。8.答案：A解析：本题考查表语从句.根据句意和结构
36、可知thats 后面是表语从句，从句中不缺主宾表，缺少地点状语，用where引导定语从句。故选：A.9.答案：B解析：考查表语从句。句意：当我还是个小男孩的时候，年夜饭是我最期待的。was后是表语从句，从句中缺少宾语，应用连接代词what引导，指代我最期待的东西。故选B。10.答案：D解析：考查表语从句。句意：他努力学习，后来成为一个著名的作家，这是他父亲所期望的。was后接表语从句，从句中expect后缺少宾语，表示的事情，所以由what来充当宾语。故选D。11.答案：D解析：句意：有个故事说，英国的伊丽莎白一世最喜欢在宫廷里被聪明能干的贵族包围。本题考查连接词的用法，同时也考查同位语从句的
37、用法。when什么时候；where哪里；what什么；that无意义；用that引导同位语从句，在句中不作任何成分。其他选项都在从句中充当一定的成分。从句Elizabeth of England liked nothing more than being surrounded by clever and qualified noblemen at court结构完整，不需要其他的成分。故选D。12.答案：B解析：考查同位语从句。句意：教育专家多年来一直认为学习是一个终生的过程。分析句意及句子成分可知，此处为the opinion的同位语从句，从句不缺少成分、句意完整，应使用that，that在
38、名词性从句中无实意、不作成分、只起连接作用。故选B。13.答案：D解析：考查同位语从句。句意：是否我们有足够的钱来实施这项研究，这个问题在会议上提了出来。空处引导同位语从句解释question。根据句意，对于我们是否有足够的钱表示不确定。whether为从句的引导词，意为是否，符合句意。故选D。14.答案：B解析：考查主语从句和同位语。句意:我强烈推荐旗袍，这是种具有浓郁民族风情的传统女性服装。分析句子可知，该句第一空为连词what引导的主语从句，连词what在从句中充当主语成分，第二空后traditional women costume为cheongsam的同位语关系，所以该空不需要填,该旬featuring strong national flavor为现在分词短语作后置定语，修饰该名词costume.故选B项。15.答案：A解析：考查同位语从句。分析句子结构可知, 主句为there be句型, 且结构完整, evidence后为同位语从句, 解释说明evidence的内容, 故填that。版权所有正确教育 侵权必纠！