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1、动词不定式用法教案动词不定式没有人称和数的变化，在句中不能独立作谓语。但动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词特征，在句中可以作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、表语和状语等多种成分。另外，动词不定式具有动词特点，可以有自己的宾语和状语，组成动词不定式短语。动词不定式的肯定形式是to+do；其否定形式是not to+do。下面以动词不定式在句中的作用来予以详细说明。1.作主语(1)直接作主语To see is to believe.百闻不如一见。To finish the work in ten minutes is very hard.To learn English well is not easy
2、.(2)但在英语中，常 用 it作形式主语，真正的主语即动词不定式放在后面。如：It is very hard to finish the work in ten minutes.It is not easy to learn English well.It*s wrong to play tricks on other people.It*s our duty to keep our environment clean and tidy.规律：动词不定式在句中作主语时，常放在以下两个句型中，it仅作形式主语，不定式是真正的主语。It is+a d j.(形 容 词)+to do s th.和
3、 It is+n.(名 词)+to do s th.句型中下面我们来具体看一下这两个句型的用法：常用形容词作it is 的表语。真正主语不定式通常有逻辑主语，一般用for/of短语来表示,即 for/of sb.to do s th.（其中s b.就是to do的逻辑主语）Its important for us to keep the water clean.保持水质清洁对我们来说是很重要的。辨析：It is+adj.+for sb.+to do 和 It is+adj.+of sb.+to do,区别如下：A.Ifs for sb.常用于表示事物的特征特点，表示客观形式的形容词，如 eas
4、y,hard,difficult,interesting,impossible 等：Its very hard for him to study two languages.对他来说学两门外语是很难的。B.Ifs of sb的句型一般用表示人物的性格，品 德,表示主观感情或态度的形容词，如 good,kind,nice,clever,foolish,rightoIts very nice of you to help m e.你来帮助我，你真是太好了。【说明】fo r与。f的辨别方法：用介词后面的代词作主语，用介词前边的形容词作表语，造个句子。如果道理上通顺用 o f,不通则用for。如：Yo
5、u are n ic e.(通顺，所以应用of)。He is h a rd.(人是困难的，不通。Wc#：To study two languages is hard for himo 因此应用fOfo)有时也接名词作表语。如：It must be great fun to fly to the moon in a spaceship,乘宇宙飞船飞往月球一定很有趣。it 作形式主语时，还常用于“It takes(took/will take)sb.some time(money)to dosth.”句型中。It took me more than an hour to do my homewor
6、k yesterday evening.昨天晚 上我做作业用了一个多小时。It will take us a long time to walk the re.步行去那儿要花费我们很长时间。(3)动词不定式与疑问词how,what,when,where,which等连用构成不定式短语,也可作主语。如：How to use the computer is the question.如何使用计算机是个问题。Where to go has not been decided.去哪儿还没有定下来。2.作宾语常与不定式连用作宾语的动词有：want,like,begin,start,choose,forge
7、t,remember,need,would like,decide,ask,hope,wish,offer,fail,plan,learn,pretend,refuse,manage,help,agree,promise,prefer 等，如：Most of us like to watch football matches.Please remember to post this letter.I plan to buy a new computer.动词不定式作宾语时，如果他后面有宾语补足语，常用it作形式宾语，而真正的宾语即不定式放在宾补后面。句型结构为：主 语+谓 语+it+宾语补足语
8、+动词不定式I found it easy to make a paper plane.I found it difficult to solve the problem.He feels it his duty to help the poor.We find it necessary to help the blind.在英语中有些动词如：know,wonder,decide,learn等词后可接“疑问词+不定式”作宾语Please show us how to do it.I can*t decide where to go.The boy didnt know how to use t
9、he computer.3.作宾语补足语a.tell,ask,want,order,teach,invite,warn,wish,help,get,wish,help 等词后面常接不定式作宾补。如：I tell him not to go there by bus.Edisons mother taught him to read and write.b.let,make,have,see,hear,feel,watch,notice 后面接不带 to 的不定式作宾补。如：The boss makes them work 16 hours a day.I heard her sing in t
10、he next room.提示：若变成被动语态，在上述结构中，不定式符号to 要加上。如：They are made to work 16 hours a day by the boss.She was heard to sing in the next room.4.作定语：放在被修饰的名词、代词后面不定式作定语往往放在被修饰词的后面，作后置定语I have nothing to say about that thing.The next bus to arrive is at 7:45.Reading aloud is the best way to learn English.与被修饰词
11、之间有动宾关系，如果是不及物动词需要加介词，如：I have a small bedroom to live in.Have you got some pens to write with?Would you please give me some paper to write on.Could you pass me a pen to write with.与被修饰词之间有动宾关系，同时与句中其他词之间又有逻辑上的主谓关系时，尽管有被动意义，却仍然用主动。Do you have anything to say on this problem?（anything 与 say 之间是动宾关系；并且和you存在主谓关系）Would you mind giving me something to drink?（drink 和 something 之间是动宾关系；同时和you之间存在主谓关系）与被修饰词之间有动宾关系而不存在主谓关系，则需用被动语态：Do you have anything to be taken to your mum?（take 与 anything 之间存在动宾关系；但是take不是you发出的，所以不存在主谓关系）