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1、2Door closer,are you?Unit 6 Section AUnit 6 Section AFOREIGH LANGUAGE TEACHING AND RESEARCH PRESS AIR FORCE ENGINEERING UNIVERSITY第1页Besidesthenobleartofgettingthingsdone,thereisthenobleartofleavingthingsundone.Thewisdomoflifeconsistsintheeliminationofnon-essentials.Lin Yutang(Chinese writer)Youhave
2、succeededinlifewhenallyoureallywantisonlywhatyoureallyneed.Vernon Howard(American writer)26UNITLess is more第2页6UNITSection A 2ObjectivesObjectivesTotalkaboutwhethermoreisbetterthanlessTofurtherunderstandthetextToapplythephrasesandpatternsTomasterthecause-effectwritingskillLess is more?Door closer,ar
3、e you?第3页Contents6UNITWarming-upActivitiesTextStudyLanguageApplicationSummaryDoor closer,are you?第4页6UNITWarming-upActivitiesLead-inLead-inPre-reading ActivitiesPre-reading ActivitiesCultural BackgroundCultural BackgroundDoor closer,are you?第5页1.Asfaraschoicesinourdailylifeareconcerned,haveyoueverbe
4、entroubledwithsuchdilemma:tokeepallortogiveupsome?Justasallpeoplehavetomakedecisionsintheireverydaylives,collegestudentsarealwaysfacedwiththedilemmaofmakingrightchoices.Facedwithanabundanceofoptionstochoosefrom,theycantbearthepaintoloseanyopportunityandhaveastrongdesiretokeepalltheoptionsopen.Theytr
5、ytoavoidsuchanemotionalloss,andwouldratherpaythehighcosttokeepallthedoorsofopportunityopen.第6页2.Whatistheproperwaytodealwiththisdilemma?Ismorealwaysbetterthanless?Evidencesshowthatpeoplefeellesshappyandmoredepressedwhengivenanoverabundanceofchoice.Thetendencytokeepallourdoorsofchoicesopenmighthaveda
6、magedourlife,andwecangetgreaterpleasureandmoresatisfactionbyfocusingourenergyandattentiononfeweroptionsandthings.Moreisnotnecessarilybetterinlife.Weshouldclosesomedoorsinordertoallowfortherightwindowsofopportunityandhappinesstoopen.第7页Task1.Listen to a talk about why people are often irrational.Base
7、d on what you hear,match the questions with the answers by placing a letter next to the number.1()Accordingtothespeaker,howcanpeoplebehaveinarationalway?2()Whataretheconsequencesofpeoplesirrationalbehavior?3()WhathasMITProfessorArielydiscovered?4()Whatistheexampleinthetalkregardingirrationalbehavior
8、?5()Whatdoesthespeakersayaboutthisirrationalbehavior?第8页Task1.Listen to a talk about why people are often irrational.Based on what you hear,match the questions with the answers by placing a letternext to the number.APeopletendtobehaveirrationallyinapredictablefashion.BPeopleshouldactaccordingtologic
9、andreasonrequiredinasituation.CItcausesproblemstothemselvesaswellastoothers.DHedoesntthinkthisirrationalbehaviorisalwaysintentional.EIfapersonknowssomeonesuffersfromadisease,hewillfeelhesuffersfromthesamedisease.第9页Task1.Listen to a talk about why people are often irrational.Based on what you hear,m
10、atch the questions with the answers by placing a letternext to the number.1()Accordingtothespeaker,howcanpeoplebehaveinarationalway?2()Whataretheconsequencesofpeoplesirrationalbehavior?3()WhathasMITProfessorArielydiscovered?4()Whatistheexampleinthetalkregardingirrationalbehavior?5()Whatdoesthespeake
11、rsayaboutthisirrationalbehavior?BCAED第10页1.Inyouropinion,whatisanirrationalbehavior?Givesomeexamples.Itisanactionoropinionbasedoninadequateuseofreasonandlogic:Onceapriceisestablishedintheirminds,theywillcompareothersimilaritemswiththispriceBuyproductstheydontneedjustbecausetheygetsomethingforfreeint
12、hetransaction.Dosomethingjustbecausesomeotherpeoplearedoingthesamething.Task 2:Listen to the talk again and answer the two questions第11页2.Whatdoyouthinkmaycausepeoplesirrationalbehavior?IgnorancePeoplecanbetotallyunawareofasituationbeforeformingtheirownviewsandjudgments.EmotionsPeopletakeoffenseorge
13、tangrybeforethesituationactuallyoccurs.StressItcreatesfeelingofanger,irritationandfrustration.BlindbeliefsTheyaretooconsciousaboutsocietyanditsreactionstothem.Task 2:Listen to the talk again and answer the two questions第12页SometimestwothingsaretobedoneattheSometimestwothingsaretobedoneatthesametime,
14、both_yourattention.sametime,both_yourattention.youcanonlytakeuponeofthem,theotheryoucanonlytakeuponeofthem,theotherhastowaitorbegivenup.Butyouknowthehastowaitorbegivenup.Butyouknowthefutureis_thechangedfutureis_thechangedsituationmaynotallowyoutodowhatisleftsituationmaynotallowyoutodowhatisleftbehin
15、d.Thusyouarecaughtinafixandfeelbehind.Thusyouarecaughtinafixandfeelsad.Howcomethatniceopportunitiesandsad.Howcomethatniceopportunitiesand_shouldgatheraroundallatonce._shouldgatheraroundallatonce.Listen to a short passage named“Another door”and fill in the missing information.deservingunpredictableTo
16、becontinuedbrilliant ideas第13页 ItmayhappenthatyourlifechangesItmayhappenthatyourlifechanges_onyourpreferenceofone_onyourpreferenceofonealternativetotheother.Infactthatiswhatalternativetotheother.Infactthatiswhatlifeislike:weareoftenfacedwiththetwolifeislike:weareoftenfacedwiththetwooppositeaspectsof
17、athingwhichareoppositeaspectsofathingwhichareboth_likenewspapercutting.Itboth_likenewspapercutting.Itoftenoccursthatourattentionisdrawntooftenoccursthatourattentionisdrawntoonethingonlyafterweare_onethingonlyafterweare_another.another.dramaticallydesirableTobecontinuedengaged inListen to a short pas
18、sage named“Another door”and fill in the missing information.第14页TheformerandthelattergiverisetoaTheformerandthelattergiverisetoadividedmind.Istillrememberadividedmind.Istillrememberaphilosophers_Whenonedoorphilosophers_Whenonedoorshuts,anotheropensinlife.Soashuts,anotheropensinlife.Soa_orpassivechoi
19、cemaynotbea_orpassivechoicemaynotbeabadone.Whateverwedoinourlifetime,badone.Whateverwedoinourlifetime,whereverlifestorm_us,theremustwhereverlifestorm_us,theremustbesomethingwecanachieve,besomethingwecanachieve,remarkscasualTobecontinuedtossesListen to a short passage named“Another door”and fill in t
20、he missing information.第15页someshorewecanland,whichopensupsomeshorewecanland,whichopensupnewvistastous.DontforgetGodalwaysnewvistastous.DontforgetGodalwayskeepsan_openforeverykeepsan_openforeveryone.Whilethefrontdoorisclosed,thereone.Whilethefrontdoorisclosed,theremustbeanotheropenforyou.mustbeanoth
21、eropenforyou.alternative doorListen to a short passage named“Another door”and fill in the missing information.第16页Questions Previewing1.WhatdoyouknowaboutDanAriely?2.HowmuchdoyouknowaboutXiangYuandtheBattleofJulu?TipsTipsTipsTipsTipsTipsTipsTips第17页DanAriely,Americaneconomistandpsychologist,wroteabo
22、okinentitledPredictably Irrational(可预见非理性):The Hidden Forces That Shape Our Decisions.Inthebookhechallengesreadersassumptionsaboutmakingdecisionsbasedonrationalthought.Heexplains,“Mygoal,istohelpyoufundamentallyrethinkwhatmakesyouandthepeoplearoundyoutick.”1.WhatdoyouknowaboutDanAriely?第18页XiangYuwa
23、saprominentmilitaryleaderandpoliticalfigureduringthelateQinDynasty.Inabout207BC,XiangYuledtheChurebelforcestovictoryattheBattleofJulu(巨鹿之战)againsttheQinarmies.ThebattlemarkedthedeclineofQinsmilitarypower.TheyfinallybeattheQinarmy.TheBattleofJuluwasofcrucialimportanceinoverthrowingtheQindynasty,andit
24、hasbeenknownasthebattleof“SmashingtheCauldronsandSinkingtheBoats”(破釜沉舟).2.HowmuchdoyouknowaboutXiangYuandtheBattleofJulu?第19页Main Idea&StructureMain Idea&StructureLanguage FocusLanguage FocusCritical ThinkingCritical ThinkingTextStudy6UNITDoor closer,are you?第20页rival optionsThetextstartswithaquesti
25、onaboutwhatXiangYu,aChineseimperialgeneral,woulddowhenfacing_.(Para.1)TipsTipsTipsTips第21页Whydid General Xiang Yu order histroops tocrush their cooking pots and burn their sailingshipswhencrossingtheZhangRiver?(Para.3)TipsTipsTipsTipstoimposeonhistroopsanecessarysacrificetoachievevictoryovertheiropp
26、onents.toinspirethesoldiersbemoredeterminedandconcentratedonthebattles.第22页PartIintroducesastoryofclosingdoorstoopen_aboutXiangYu.Facingchoicesofrivaloptions,hemadeanunusualdecision-orderinghistroopstocrushcookingpotsandburntheirsailingships.Bydoingthis,heclosedthedoorforretreatingfromtheenemysterri
27、torybutopenedthewindowfor_.Part I (Paras.1-_)3windowsofopportunitywinningthebattle第23页AccordingtoDr.Arielysbook,Predictably Irrational,whatmightbeaweaknessofhumanbeings?(Para.4)TipsTipsTipsTipsHisexperimentshowsthatpeoplejustcouldntbeartoseetheiroptionsvanishthoughtheyknewitwouldbenefitthemtoletgo.第
28、24页PartIservesasatransitionfromtheancientstoryofXiangYutothe_ofthestudentsatMIT.Throughconductinganexperimentonhumans_,Dr.Arielyfoundthatpeoplejustcouldntbeartoseetheiroptionsvanishthoughtheyknewitwouldbenefitthemtoletgo.Part II (Para.4)modernstoryirrationalbehavior第25页Whatsthesignificanceofdoingthe
29、experiments?(Para.5)TipsTipsTipsTipsTheexperimentenabledpeopletoseewhyitsalwayssohardforthemtosay“NO”toanyopportunitythatcametothem.Ineverydaylife,peoplejustgiveexcusestokeepoptionsopen.第26页Whatsthewinningstrategywhenplayingthecomputergame?(Para.6)Studentsshouldquicklycheckallthedoorsandkeepclicking
30、ontheonewiththehighestcash.Theyshouldabsolutelyignorethevanishingdoors.TipsTipsTipsTips第27页Howdidstudentslossmoneybecauseoftheirirrationaleffortstokeepthevanishingdoorsopen?(Para.7)Inthegame,anydoorleftun-clickedforashortwhilewouldvanish.Insteadofignoringthevanishingdoors,thestudentsrushedtoclickont
31、hembeforetheyvanished,sotheylostmoneyintheend.TipsTipsTipsTips第28页Whyarethecorrespondingcostsoftenlessobviousinlifethanintheexperiments?(Paras.8-9)Becauseinlifethedoorsareclosingslowly,notliketheonesonthecomputerintheexperiment,sopeopledontreallyseetheopportunitiesactuallyvanishingawaylittlebylittle
32、.TipsTipsTipsTips第29页PartIIImainlyfocusesontheexperimentconductedbyDr.Ariely.Hefirstexplainsthe_oftheexperiment,andtheprocessofthestudents_.Thenhepointsouttherealcauseofthestudents_.Finallyheemphasizesthatinlifethedoorsareactuallyclosingslowlyandwedontseethefuture_.Part III (Paras.5-_)9purposeandsig
33、nificancelosingmoneyirrationalbehaviorvanishingaway第30页Inthetext,whatdoesDr.Arielysuggestinordertobalanceourlife?(Paras.10-12)TipsTipsTipsTipsPeopleshould:prohibitoverbooking,reduceoptions,delegatetaskstoothers,giveawayideastootherstopursue.第31页Part IV(Paras.10-12)PartIVsuggestshowwecanbalanceourliv
34、esbyreducing_.suchasprohibitionofoverbooking,tryingtolessentheload,rememberingthelessonsof_likeXiangYu,andkeepingthoseactivities_.unnecessaryoptionsdoorclosersenrichingourlives第32页Whatisthemessagetheauthorwantstosendoutfromthistext?(Paras.13-14)TipsTipsTipsTipsPeoplecanobtainpleasureandsatisfactionb
35、yfocusingtheirenergyandattentioninamoreconcentratedfashion.Theywillhavemorewithfewerbutcarefullychosenoptions.第33页Part V (Paras.13-14)PartIIIconcludestheessay,andmeanwhileitraisesthequestionif_.Weshouldclosecertaindoorsinordertoallowtherightwindowsofopportunityandhappinesstoopen.moreisbetterthanless
36、第34页ThestoryofclosingdoorstoopenwindowsofopportunityaboutXiangYuservesasagoodexampleillustratingthepointthatwhenweclosedoors,weopenwindowsofopportunity.TheexperimentconductedbyDr.Arielyalsoprovesthatinlife,weshouldclosecertaindoorsinordertoallowtherightwindowsofopportunityandhappinesstoopen.Main Ide
37、a of the Text第35页Whenfacingchoicesofrivaloptions,thinkaboutwhatXiangYuwoulddo.(Para.1)XiangYuorderedhistroopscookingpotscrushedandtheirsailingshipsburnedaftertakinghistroopsacrossarivertoraidtheenemy.(Para.2)XiangYuexplainedthathisdecisionwasanecessitytoattainthevictory.Buthisunusualdecisionwouldbev
38、alidatedonhisbattlefieldandinmodernsocialscienceresearch.(Para.3)第36页ThisexamplefromancienttimesleadstotheexperimentatMITwhereDr.Arielyteachesbehavioraleconomics.Theexperimentshowedthatstudentscouldntbeartoseetheiroptionsvanish,eventhoughitwascleartheywouldprofitfromdoingso.(Para.4)第37页第38页Itsanexpe
39、rimentaboutcomputergamewhicheliminatedtheexcusesforlettinggo.(Para.5)Theruleofthegamewasthemoremoneytheyearned,thebetterplayertheywere.(Para.6)howtheylostmoneybecauseoftheirrationaleffortstokeepthevanishingdoorsopen.(Para.7)Dr.Arielypointsouttherealcauseofthestudentsirrationalbehavior.(Paras.8-9)第39
40、页Implementmoreprohibitionsonoverbookingandreduceoptionsonourown.(Para.10)ReducetheloadandrememberthelessonsofdoorcloserslikeXiangYu.(Para.11)Onlykeepthechoicesthatactuallyenrichourlives.(Para.12)第40页Weshouldclosecertaindoorsinordertoallowtherightwindowsofopportunityandhappinesstoopen.(Paras.13-14)第4
41、1页 Door closer,are you?Whenfacedwith_options,XiangYuprovedtoawonderfuldecision-maker.Hetookhistroopsmakinga_intoenemyterritory.Tohistroops_,heorderedtheircookingpotscrushedandtheirsailingshipsburned,whichgavehistroopsonlyone_:towinthebattle.Thebattleturnedouttobeagreatsuccessonhisside.Tobecontinuedr
42、ival raid astonishment option 第42页This story indicates that while closing thedoorfordoingsomething,peoplemayopenthe_forachievingsomethingmoresignificant.Throughconductinganexperimentonhumans_behavior,Dr.Ariely,found that manystudents in his experiment just couldntbeartoseetheiroptions_thoughtheyknew
43、itwouldbenefitthemto_.Hethenemphasizesthatinlifethedoorsare actually closing slowly and we dontseethefuturevanishingaway.Tobecontinuedwindow irrational vanish let go 第43页Tosolvethisproblem,peoplecanbalancetheirlivesbyreducing_optionsontheirownandkeepingthoseactivitiesthatwillactuallyenrichtheirlives
44、.Toconclude,weshouldclosecertaindoorsinordertoallowtherightwindowsof_toopen.opportunity and happiness unnecessary 第44页PracticalPhrasesPracticalPhrasesSpecificSpecificMeaningsMeanings1.imposesth.onsb.将将强加于强加于2.befeaturedin被特写；在被特写；在中专题介绍中专题介绍3.beattachedtosth./sb.喜欢（依恋）某物或某人喜欢（依恋）某物或某人4.revolvearound
45、围绕；以围绕；以为主题为主题5.payabigprice花很大代价花很大代价einhandy派上用场派上用场7.bemeasuredinsth.用某事来衡量用某事来衡量第45页将将强加于强加于(generationgap/makethingsworse)Tobridgethegenerationgap,parentsshouldneverimpose their personal views on their children,whichmaymakethingsevenworse.imposesth.onsb.短语逆译短语应用为了消除代沟，父母不应该将自己观点强加给孩子，这么会使事情更糟。意
46、群提醒第46页被特写；在被特写；在中专题中专题介绍介绍(heroicdeed/enlightenpeople)Hisheroicdeedwas featured in thefirstpageofyesterdaysnewspaper,whichenlightenedmanypeople.befeaturedin短语逆译短语应用他英雄事迹在昨天报纸头版专题介绍，让很多人受到了启发。意群提醒第47页喜欢（依恋）喜欢（依恋）某物或某人某物或某人(frombetweenherlips)Thebirdgot so attached to her thatitwouldtakefoodfrombetwe
47、enherlips.beattachedtosth./sb.短语逆译短语应用鸟是如此依恋她，以致于它会从她双唇间获取实物。意群提醒第48页围绕；以围绕；以为主题为主题(takeitforgrantedthat)Somepeopleareveryselfishandtakeitforgrantedthatthewholeworldrevolves around them.revolvearound短语逆译短语应用一些人很自私，想当然地认为整个世界都以他们为中心。意群提醒第49页花很大代价花很大代价(payanevenbiggerprice)XiangYupaid a big price when
48、heburnedhisships,buthecouldhavepaidanevenbiggerpriceifallofhismenhaddiedinthebattle.payabigprice短语逆译短语应用当项羽烧毁他船只时，他付出了巨大代价；但假如他士兵都死在战斗中，他可能会付出更大代价。意群提醒第50页派上用场派上用场(turnadeafearto/startyourownbusiness)Dontturnadeafeartohisadvice,forwhathesaidmaycome in handy einhandy短语逆译短语应用对他提议，不要置若罔闻，未来某一天当你自己经营时，可
49、能会派上用场。意群提醒第51页用某事来衡量用某事来衡量(loseyourself-confidence/wisdom)Never loseyourself-confidence.Therealpowerapersonis not measured in hissizebutinhiswisdom.短语逆译短语应用永远不要丧失信心。一个人真正强大不是用他身体而是他智慧来衡量。意群提醒bemeasuredinsth.第52页FunctionalFunctionalPatternsPatternsFunctions&UsagesFunctions&Usages1.Thenexttimesb.isdo
50、ingsth,askoneselfthequestion:用于表示“某种情景下某人应该反思”。2.Sb.orsth.isarareexceptiontosb.else,who/that用于表示“某人或某物与众不一样”。3.Sb.wouldprobablyprotestthat,butaccordingtosb.else,thatisntthetruefactor.用于表示“对某种观点或分析否定”。第53页下次你要在两个难于取舍、主要和次要选择之间做决定时，不妨问自己这么一个问题：项羽会怎么做？原句译文原句译文逆译练习逆译练习The next time youre deciding betwee