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1、新东方在线网络课堂电子讲义2020 年考研英语二试题12020 年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（二）年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（二）Section I Use of EnglishDirection:Read the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and mark A,B,C or DonANSWER SHEET 1.(10 points)Being a good parent is what every parent would like to be.But defining what it
2、 means to be agood parent is undoubtedly very _1_,particularly since children respond differently to thesame style of parenting.A calm,rule-following child might respond better to a different sort ofparenting than,_2_,a younger one._3_,theres another sort of parent thats easier to _4_:a patient pare
3、nt.Children ofevery age benefit from patient parenting.Still,_5_ every parent would like to be patient,thisis no easy _6_.Sometimes,parents get exhausted and are unable to maintain a _7_ stylewith their kids.I understand this.Youre only human,and sometimes your kids can _8_ you just a little too far
4、.And thenthe _9_ happens:You lose your patience and either scream at your kids or say something thatwas too _10_ and does nobody any good.You wish that you could _11_ the clock andstart over.Weve all been there._12_,even though its common,its vital to keep in mind that in a single moment offatigue,y
5、ou can say something to your child that you may _13_ for a long time.This may notonly do damage to your relationship with your child but also _14_ your childs self-esteem.If you consistently lose your _15_ with your kids,then you are modeling a lack ofemotional control for your kids.We are all becom
6、ing increasingly aware of the _16_ ofmodeling patience for the younger generation.This is a skill that will help them all throughout life.In fact,the ability to maintain emotional control when _17_ by stress is one of the mostsignificant of all lifes skills.Certainly,its _18_ to maintain patience at
7、 all times with your kids.A more practicalgoal is to try to be as calm as you can when faced with _19_ situations involving yourchildren.I can promise you this:As a result of working toward this goal,you and your childrenwill benefit and _20_ from stressful moments feeling better physically and emot
8、ionally.1.A pleasantB tediousC trickyD instructive2.A for exampleB in additionC at onceD by accident3.A EventuallyB OccasionallyCAccordinglyD Fortunately4.A amuseB describeC assistD train5.A onceB becauseC unlessD while新东方在线网络课堂电子讲义2020 年考研英语二试题26.A taskB answerC choiceD access7.A formalB tolerantC
9、rigidD critical8.A moveB pushC dragD send9.A mysteriousB illogicalC inevitableD suspicious10.A boringB harshC naiveD vague11.A take apartB turn backC set asideD cover up12.A OverallB InsteadC OtherwiseD However13.A believeB missC regretD like14.A affectB raiseC justifyD reflect15.A bondB timeC coolD
10、 race16.A natureB secretC contextD importance17.A cheatedB defeatedC confrontedD confused18.A hardB terribleC strangeD wrong19.A excitingB changingC surprisingD trying20.A emergeB hideC withdrawD escapeSection ReadingComprehensionPartADirections:Read the following four texts.Answer the questions aft
11、er each text by choosing A,B,C or D.Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(40 points)Text 1Rats and other animals need to be highly attuned to social signals from others so they can identify friends to cooperate with and enemies to avoid.To find out if this extends to non-living beings,Laleh Quinn a
12、t the University of California,San Diego and her colleagues tested whether rats can detect social signals from robotic rats.They housed eight adult rats with two types of robotic rat one social and one asocial for four days.The robot rats were quite minimalist,resembling a chunkier version of a comp
13、uter mouse with wheels to move around and colorful markings.新东方在线网络课堂电子讲义2020 年考研英语二试题3During the experiment,the social robot rat followed the living rats around,played with thesame toys,and opened cage doors to let trapped rats escape.Meanwhile,the asocial robot simplymoved forwards and backwards a
14、nd side to side.Next,the researchers trapped the robots in cages and gave the rats the opportunity to releasethem by pressing a lever.Across 18 trials each,the living rats were 52 per cent more likely onaverage to set the social robot free than the asocial one.This suggests that the rats perceived t
15、hesocial robot as a genuine social being.They may have bonded more with the social robot becauseit displayed behaviours like communal exploring and playing.This could lead to the rats betterremembering having freed it earlier,and wanting the robot to return the favour when they gettrapped,says Quinn
16、.“Rats have been shown to engage in multiple forms of reciprocal help and cooperation,including what is referred to as direct reciprocity where a rat will help another rat that haspreviously helped them.”says Quinn.The readiness of the rats to befriend the social robot was surprising given its minim
17、al design.The robot was the same size as a regular rat but resembled a simple plastic box on wheels.“Wedassumed wed have to give it a moving head and tail,facial features,and put a scent on it to makeit smell like a real rat,but that wasnt necessary,”says Janet Wiles at the University ofQueensland i
18、n Australia,who helped with the research.The finding shows how sensitive rats are to social cues,even when they come from basicrobots.Similarly,children tend to treat robots as if they are fellow beings,even when they displayonly simple social signals.“We humans seem to be fascinated by robots,and i
19、t turns out otheranimals are too,”says Wiles.21.Quinn and her colleagues conducted a test to see if rats can _.A pick up social signals from non-living ratsB distinguish a friendly rat from a hostile oneC attain sociable traits through special trainingD send out warning messages to their fellows22.W
20、hat did the asocial robot do during the experiment?A It followed the social robot.B It moved around alone.C It set the trapped rats free.D It played with some toys.23.According to Quinn,the rats released the social robot because they _.A tried to practise a means of escapeB considered that an intere
21、sting gameC wanted to display their intelligenceD expected it to do the same in return.24.Janet Wiles notes that rats_.A can remember other rats facial features新东方在线网络课堂电子讲义2020 年考研英语二试题4B differentiate smells better than sizesC can be scared by a plastic box on wheelsD respond more to actions than
22、to looks25.It can be learned from the text that rats _.A appear to be adaptable to new surroundingsB are more sensitive to social cues than expectedC behave differently from children in socializingD are more socially active than other animalsText 2It is true that CEO pay has gone up top ones may mak
23、e 300 times the pay of typicalworkers on average,and since the mid-1970s,CEO pay for large publicly traded Americancorporations has,by varying estimates,gone up by about 500%.The typical CEO of a topAmerican corporation now makes about$18.9 million a year.The best model for understanding the growth
24、of CEO pay is that of limited CEO talent in aworld where business opportunities for the top firms are growing rapidly.The efforts of Americashighest-earning 1%have been one of the more dynamic elements of the global economy.Its notpopular to say,but one reason their pay has gone up so much is that C
25、EOs really have upped theirgame relative to many other workers in the U.S.economy.Todays CEO,at least for major American firms,must have many more skills than simplybeing able to run the company.”CEOs must have a good sense of financial markets and maybeeven how the company should trade in them.They
26、 also need better public relations skills thantheir predecessors,as the costs of even a minor slipup can be significant.Then theres the fact thatlarge American companies are much more globalized than ever before,with supply chains spreadacross a larger number of countries.To lead in that system requ
27、ires knowledge that is fairlymind-boggling.Plus,virtually all major American companies are becoming tech companies,oftenwith their own research and development.And beyond this,major CEOs still have to do all theday-to-day work they have always done.The common idea that high CEO pay is mainly about r
28、ipping people off doesnt explainhistory very well.By most measures,corporate governance has become a lot tighter and morerigorous since the 1970s.Yet it is principally during this period of stronger governance that CEOpay has been high and rising.That suggests it is in the broader corporate interest
29、 to recruit topcandidates for increasingly tough jobs.Furthermore,the highest CEO salaries are paid to outside candidates,not to the cozy insiderpicks,another sign that high CEO pay is not some kind of depredation at the expense of the rest ofthe company.And the stock market reacts positively when c
30、ompanies tie CEO pay to,say,stockprices,a sign that those practices build up corporate value not just for the CEO.新东方在线网络课堂电子讲义2020 年考研英语二试题526.Which of the following has contributed to CEO pay rise?A Close cooperation among leading economies.B Increased business opportunities for top firms.C The ge
31、neral pay rise with a better economy.D The growth in the number of corporations.27.Compared with their predecessors,todays CEOs are required to.A establish closer ties with tech companiesB finance more research and developmentC operate more globalized companiesD foster a stronger sense of teamwork28
32、.CEO pay has been rising since the 1970s despite.A continual internal oppositionB conservative business strategiesC strict corporate governanceD repeated government warnings29.High CEO pay can be justified by the fact that it helps.A increase corporate valueB confirm the status of CEOsC boost the ef
33、ficiency of CEOsD motivate inside candidates30.The most suitable title for this text would be.A CEOs Are Not OverpaidB CEO Pay:Past and PresentC CEO Traits:Not Easy to DefineD CEOs Challenges of TodayText 3Madrid was hailed as a public health guiding light last November when it rolled outambitious r
34、estrictions on the most polluting cars.Seven months and one election day later,a newconservative city council suspended enforcement of the clean air zone,a first step toward itspossible termination.Mayor Jos Luis Martnez-Almeida made opposition to the zone acentrepiece of his election campaign,despi
35、te its success in improving air quality.A judge has nowoverruled the citys decision to stop levying fines,ordering them restored.But with legal battlesahead,the zones future looks uncertain at best.Madrids back and forth on clean air is a pointed reminder of the limits to the patchwork,city-by-city
36、approach that characterises efforts on air pollution across Europe,Britain very muchincluded.新东方在线网络课堂电子讲义2020 年考研英语二试题6Among other weaknesses,the measures cities must employ when left to tackle dirty air ontheir own are politically controversial,and therefore vulnerable.Thats because they inevitabl
37、y putthe costs of cleaning the air on to individual drivers who must pay fees or buy better vehicles rather than on to the car manufacturers whose cheating is the real cause of our toxic pollution.Its not hard to imagine a similar reversal happening in London.The new ultra-low emission zone(Ulez)is
38、likely to be a big issue in next years mayoral election.And if Sadiq Khan wins andextends it to the North and South Circular roads in 2021 as he intends,it is sure to spark intenseopposition from the far larger number of motorists who will then be affected.Its not that measures such as Londons Ulez
39、are useless.Far from it.Local officials areusing the levers that are available to them to safeguard residents health in the face of a seriousthreat.The zones do deliver some improvements to air quality,and the science tells us that meansreal health benefits.But mayors and councillors can only do so
40、much about a problem that is far bigger than anyone city or town.They are acting because national governments Britains and others acrossEurope have failed to do so.Restrictions that keep highly polluting cars out of certain areas city centres,“schoolstreets”,even individual roads are a response to t
41、he absence of a larger effort to properlyenforce existing regulations and require auto companies to bring their vehicles into compliance.Wales has introduced special low speed limits to minimise pollution.Were doing everything butinsist that manufacturers clean up their cars.31.Which of the followin
42、g is true about Madrids clean air zone?A.Its effects are questionable.B.It has been opposed by a judge.C.It needs tougher enforcement.D.Its fate is yet to be decided.32.Which is considered a weakness of the city-level measures to tackle dirty air?A.They put the burden on individual motorists.B.They
43、prove impractical for city councils.C.They are deemed too mild by politicians.D.They are biased against car manufacturers.33.The author believes that the extension of Londons Ulez will.A.ensure Khans electoral successB.arouse strong resistanceC.improve the citys trafficD.discourage car manufacturing
44、34.Who does the author think should have addressed the problem?A.Local residentsB.National governments.新东方在线网络课堂电子讲义2020 年考研英语二试题7C.Councillors.D.Mayors.35.It can be learned from the last paragraph that auto companies.A.will raise low-emission car productionB.will upgrade the design of their vehicle
45、sC.should be forced to follow regulationsD.should be put under public supervisionText 4Now that members of Generation Z are graduating college this spring the mostcommonly-accepted definition says this generation was born after 1995,give or take a year theattention has been rising steadily in recent
46、 weeks.Gen Zs are about to hit the streets looking forwork in a labor market thats tighter than its been in decades.And employers are planning onhiring about 17 percent more new graduates for jobs in the U.S.this year than last,according to asurvey conducted by the National Association of Colleges a
47、nd Employers.Everybody wants toknow how the people who will soon inhabit those empty office cubicles will differ from those whocame before them.If“entitled”is the most common adjective,fairly or not,applied to millennials(those bornbetween 1981 and1995),the catchwords for Generation Z are practical
48、and cautious.According tothe career counselors and experts who study them,Generation Zs are clear-eyed,economicpragmatists.Despite graduating into the best economy in the past 50 years,Gen Zs know what aneconomic train wreck looks like.They were impressionable kids during the crash of 2008,whenmany
49、of their parents lost their jobs or their life savings or both.They arent interested in takingany chances.The booming economy seems to have done little to assuage this underlyinggenerational sense of anxious urgency,especially for those who have college debt.College loanbalances in the U.S.now stand
50、 at a record$1.5 trillion,according to the Federal Reserve.One survey from Accenture found that 88 percent of graduating seniors this year chose theirmajor with a job in mind.In a 2019 survey of University of Georgia students,meanwhile,thecareer office found the most desirable trait in a future empl