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1、专题。1网读理解之说明文（一）一、（福建省福州市2021届高三一模）The new year always brings predictions.You know who gets them right?BLUETOOTHIn his futuristic 1953 novel Fahrenheit 451,Ray Bradbury anticipated Bluetooth,describing wirelessearphones that allowed for“an electronic ocean of sound,of music and talk1 to be transferre
2、d through the air.Imagine how thrilled he would have been with a Bluetooth toaster!That was the idea behind Griffins ConnectedToaster,which warned you via smartphone when your toast was done.At$100,this baby cost a lot of bread,whichmay be why it was discontinued just two years after launch.SMART WA
3、TCHThe Apple Watch lets you chat,play games,and watch videos on a device fastened to your wrist.Cool,huh?The Jetsons thought so.in 1962 when Steve Jobs was still in second grade!WI-FINikola Tesla called it!In 1909,the famous electrical engineer told the New York Times,MIt will soon bepossible to sen
4、d wireless messages all over the world so simply that any individual can carry and operate his ownequipment.No doubt he was thinking of the Kerastase Hair Coach brush,which measured brushing speed andemployed a micro-phone to listen to your hair,all to compute an overall hair-quality score sent to y
5、our smartphone.（Alas,it too is gone.）GPSWriter Arthur C.Clarke（2001:A Space Odyssey）saw a world in which no one got lost.In 1956,he wrote thatsatellites“could make possible a position-finding grid（铁网）whereby anyone could locate himself by means of acouple of dials on an instrument about the size of
6、a watch.Clarke didnt mention that his system might also trackanother person,such as a criminal.Last year,the New York City police arrested a robber who was wearing a GPSankle monitor because he was still on probation（缓开!）for a prior crime.1.Which of the predictions is the earliest?A.BLUETOOTH.B.SMAR
7、TWATCH,C.WI-FI.D.GPS.2.Why did Griffins Connected Toaster disappear?A.Too expensive.B.Out of date.C.A little awkwardD.Energy-consuming.3.What was Clarkes prediction?A.A GPS ankle monitor.B.A robber-arresting instrument.C.A watch that could see the world.D.An instrument that could locate a person.二、（
8、福建省福州市2021届高三一模）The Maya city of Tikal is famous for its amazing palaces and temples.But something far more ordinary keptTikal functioning:its water-purifyingG争化）system,the earliest known of its kind.Researchers recently discovered a volcanic mineral that traps microbes（微生物）and heavy metals in Tikal
9、slargest reservoir（水库）.Because the material is not found nearby,the finding suggests the presence of a man-madewater-purifying device.The finding denies the long-standing idea that the ancient worlds technological achievements belonged to theEastern world,like Egypt,and China.The leading scientist o
10、f this research,Kenneth Tankersley says,Whentalking about purifying water,the Maya were thousands of years ahead.Located in the forests of Central America,Tikal,is thought to have been home to more than 45,000 people.They had to struggle against a dry season lasting from November through April.Stori
11、ng water in reservoirs was asolution,but that water had to be fit to drink,said Kenneth,Keeping water clean was of great importance.A few years ago,the researchers were surprised to find that the largest reservoir,Corriental,had significantlyfewer harmful chemicals than the others.4iThe water qualit
12、y at Corriental was much higher.Somehow the Maya must have been purifying Corrientars water,the team assumed.4The Maya used gardensas their bathrooms.,Kenneth said,The water coming into the reservoir would not have been very clean.”At the bottom of Corriental,scientists found four separate layers（层）
13、，each a few centimeters thick,ofmillimeter-scale“zeolitesC弗石）This type of volcanic mineral can purify water and is still in widespread usetoday,Kenneth says,44Just about everything we drink,from bottled water to wine,runs through a zeolite purifyingdevice.”The Maya wouldnt have known about the zeoli
14、te in rock,but they would have recognized the purifyingeffects,the researchers suggest.A zeolite-rich rock formation about 30 kilometers northeast of Tikal is the likelysource of the material in Corriental reservoir,the team said last month in Scientific Reports.Water at this site”wasclear and taste
15、d good.8.What did the researchers find?A.A new material called zeolites.C.An old water-purifying system.9.How did the Maya purify water?A.By building the largest reservoir.C.By getting rid of heavy metals.10.What can we learn from the research?A.The Maya drank bottled water.C.The system was created
16、by accident.B.The purifying effects of zeolites.D.High-quality water in Corriental.B.By using gardens as their bathrooms.D.By spreading four layers of zeolites.B.The ancient Maya were very bright.D.The zeolites were found in Corriental11.According to Ke n n e t h,.A.the original water in Corriental
17、was not clean enoughB.water supply in Tikal lasted from November to AprilC.all ancient technological achievements belonged to the EastD.the Maya had a good understanding of the zeolite in rocks三、（福建省福州市 2021 届高三一模）Can a fish be depressed?This question has been on my head eversince I spent a night in
18、 a hotel across from a sad-looking fish.His name was Bruce Lee.The pleasant woman at the front desk assured me that he was well taken care of.Was I incorrectly assuminghis laziness was a sign of being upset?When I sought answers from scientists,I assumed that they would find the question ridiculous.
19、But they didnot.New research has been totally shifting the way that scientists think about fish cognition（认知），building a casethat pet and owner are not nearly as different as many assume.The neurochemistry（神经化学）is so similar that itsscary,said Julian Pittman,a professor.We tend to think of them as s
20、imple living things,but there is a lot we don*tgive fish credit for.Dr.Pittman likes working with fish,in part,because they are so obvious about their depression.A zebrafishgets dropped in a new tank.If after five minutes it is hanging out in the lower half,its depressed.If its swimmingup top,then i
21、ts not.Is depression the right word?Theres the obvious issue that we cannot ask animals how they feel,says Dr.Diego A.Pizzagali.Neither fish nor rats can catch the entire range of depression as we know it.There is a heated debate about whether anxious or depressed is a more appropriate term.But what
22、 hasconvinced Dr.Pittman,and others,over the past ten years is watching the way the zebrafish lose interest in justabout everything:food,toys,exploration,just like clinically depressed people who are withdrawn.The same is trueoffish.One of the things were finding is that fish are naturally curious a
23、nd seek novel things out,said Dr.Braithwaite.In other words,your goldfish is probably bored.To help get rid of depression,she urges introducing new objects tothe tank or switching up the location of items.12.What is Paragraph 3 mainly about?A.Fish are considered simple living things.B.Pet and owner
24、are always assumed the same.C.Scientists have learnt a lot about fish cognition.D.Fish and human beings have something in common.13.What does the underlined word“withdrawn“in Paragraph 6 probably mean?A.Quiet and shy.B.Happy and excited.C.Interested and careful.D.Disappointed and surprised.14.Why ca
25、n fish become bored according to the text?A.They need oxygen from the air.B.They are not bom to be curious.C.They lack new things to explore.D.They cant locate the positions of items.15.What might be the best title for the text?A.Fish Depression Is not a Joke.B.Fish Can Be a Boring Pet.C.Fish Need B
26、etter Care More.D.Fish Cognition Does not Exist.四、（福建省福州一中2021届高三模拟）This year,most people have probably spent more of 2020 canceling travel plans than booking them,but itsnot too late to reverse that trend.Here are some vacations you can plan this fall.Road trip to a local farmVisiting a farm is num
27、ber one,?travel pick right now.Price plays a big role in that suggestion.Apple picking,for example,is usually very affordable,with some orchards（果园）offering products by the pound,for$1 or$2,and others offering a flat fee for an all-you-can fill bag for about$30.Visit a national parkThere are 421 nat
28、ional parks in the U.S.,so odds are youve got one in driving range.If youre up for achallenge,you can climb the Half Dome in Yosemite or race down the great sand dunes in Colorado.The parks arealso affordable.An annual pass,which guarantees entry to every park for an entire family,is just$80.Plan a
29、camping tripIt doesnt cost much more than camping.Most states have dozens of drive-in camp sites,while you can alsofind cabins in the$50-$100 per night range.Theres no shortage of activities,either whether its fishing,hiking,biking or just perfecting your camping recipe.Rent an RV（露营车，房车）RVs are a p
30、rime option fbr a cheap vacation.Using an RV fbr a vacation means youre paying for yourtransportation and lodging all in one.Also,considering that some two-person RVs can go for as little as$175-$200per night,you can easily find yourself traveling around the country without breaking the bank.1.Which
31、 vacation would a thrill seeker most probably choose?A.Road trip to a local farm.B.Visit a national park.C.Plan a camping trip.D.Rent an RV.2.What do the vacations have in common?A.Wallet-friendly.B.Environment-friendly.C.Family-friendly.D.User-friendly.3.Whats the unique advantage of renting RVs?A.
32、It makes your vacation adventurous.B.It offers free trips around the world.C.You can kill two birds with one stone.D.You may have someone to keep you company.五、（福建省福州一中2021届高三模拟）Margaret Mead,the most famous anthropologist（人类学家）in the world,was bom in the USA in 1901,theoldest of five children.Her f
33、ather was a professor of finance and her mother was a sociologist.After studyingpsychology as an undergraduate,Mead began a PhD in the relatively new field of anthropology.Mead wasparticularly interested in primitive communities because she believed that such isolated cultures could serveas,laborato
34、ries,that would reveal ways of living that the modem world had forgotten about but needed toremember.Having travelled to Samon,a few tiny volcanic,tropical islands in the center of the Pacific Ocean,Meadgradually got interested in gender roles and discovered that modern societies are far more strict
35、 in this area thanprimitive ones.For example,Americans tend to think of men as productive,sensible,and aggressive,while women areoften told theyYe more light-hearted,peaceful,and nurturing.But in her 1935 book,Sex and Temperament in ThreePrimitive Societies,Mead studied tribes in Papua New Guinea an
36、d recorded that in the Arapesh tribe,both men and women werepeaceful and nurturing,while among the Mundugurnor tribe,men and women were both ruthless and aggressive.Mead*s striking conclusion is that it isnt gender that makes women curl their hair or listen to peoplesfeelings,or race that makes some
37、 nations regularly attack their neighbors.Rather,its the social expectations andnorms that have laid the groundwork for each individuafs psychological makeup.*We must recognize,ushereminded her readers,that beneath the superficial（表面上的）classifications of sex and race,the same potentialitiesalways ex
38、ist,occurring again generation after generation,only to perish because society has no place for them.”She is regarded as one of the most influential social scientists of the last century.People around the worldmourned the death of Margaret Mead in 1978.A year later,the president of the United States
39、,Jimmy Carter,honoredthe social scientist with Americas highest award for civilians.4.What can we learn about Mead from the text?A.She was influenced by her mother to be an anthropologist.B.She majored in psychology and anthropology as an undergraduate.C.She believed isolated cultures could expose f
40、orgotten ways of living to the modern world.D.She discovered modern societies are less strict in gender roles than primitive ones.5.It can be infeired from Meads study in tribes thatA.the world is filled with separate cultures.B.no gender characteristics are ever simplyhuman nature.C.knowing another
41、 culture will help us reflect on our own.D.social standards are responsible for individuals development.6.What does the underlined word,them,in the third paragraph refer to?A.Shared potential among humans.B.Classifications of gender and race.C.Social expectations and norms.D.Individuals psychologica
42、l makeups.7.Whats the passage mainly about?A.The difference between men and women.B.The recommendation of Meads book.C.The introduction about a great anthropologist.D.The groundwork for each individuaFs makeup.六、（福建省福州一中2021届高三模拟）Ostara,upon which Easter is based,is the Pagan celebration of the vern
43、al equinox（春分）.The holiday is named after Eostre,a spring goddess of the Gennanic tradition.There isnt much written recordof Eostre,and it is thought she was worshiped by tribes who used oral tradition rather than written words to recordhistory.Eostre was a symbol of fertilityshe may have been the o
44、riginal source of the association of eggs withspringtime celebrations.She may also be responsible for the Easter rabbit-the spring equinox was a time whenhares would come out and mate.A female hare can even conceive（受孕）while pregnant with another onethisremarkable fertility became a symbol of the se
45、ason.Therefore,we get“Eostre rabbits in the spring.Growth and awakening are important parts of Ostara celebrations.Because the day marks the coming of theplanting season,modern Pagans store seeds to later transfer outdoors after frost has disappeared.Caring for theseedling is like worshiping the god
46、dess.Besides,drawings replace the pretty colors of new flowers.For Pagans,Ostara is a time for spiritual awakening and rebirth.Walking meditation is a common practice andspecial attention is paid to the signs of nature coming back to life.New beginnings are coming,and there is muchsoul-searching and
47、 clearing away negative energy.This spiritual cleaning is also reflected in the practice of springcleaning.Whether youre Pagan or not,you might have noticed many of your own springtime celebrations in Ostaracelebrations,and there?s a reason why Pagan customs have been practiced pretty much in the sa
48、me way because somuch of it is simply human nature.Who could resist a springtime walk in a forest?Is 由 ere anyone who isntinspired by natures annual new beginning?So whatever your own tradition,honor the season with a spiritualcleaning and rebirthto make room for beautiful things to come.8.What can
49、be inferred from the passage?A.Ostara has a longer history than Easter.B.Only Pagan celebrate Ostara nowadays.C.Ostara is a celebration intended for females.D.Most Ostara celebrations are not held outdoors.9.What do you think is not an important part of Ostara celebrations according to the passage?A
50、.Growth.B.Drawings.C.Flowers.D.Spiritual awakening.10.What is the similarity between walking meditation and spring cleaning?A.They can help to clean peoples spirit.B.They are in need of some special attention.C.It is common to hold the activities worldwide.D.Written record of them is not talked abou