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1、2022届高考英语备考：高考题对“语气”的考查一、陈述语气、祈使语气和虚拟语气语气是动词的不同形式，用来表达说话人对所说的情况的不同态度。在英语中有三种语气，即陈述语气、祈使语气和虚拟语气。陈述语气表示说话人认为他所说的话是一个事实。Lei Feng is a helpful person and we should learn from him.雷锋助人为乐，我们应该向他学习。He prefers classic music to pop songs.他喜欢古典音乐不喜欢流行歌曲。祈使语气表示说话人对对方的请求或命令。Dont be late again next time!下次不要再迟到了
2、！Do be careful while crossing the street.过马路时千万要小心。虚拟语气是表示假定、主观愿望的动词形式，虚拟语气主要用于非真实条件句中。二、虚拟语气用于非真实条件句中包含条件从句的句子称为条件句，条件句有两种：真实条件句与非真实条件句。当假定的条件有可能实现时，为真实条件句，句中用陈述语气。当假定的情况与事实相反或发生的可能性不大时，为非真实条件句，句中的谓语动词要用虚拟语气。1.如果所提到的假设与现在的情况相反，其谓语动词形式为：if从句主句一般过去时（动词b e 皆用were）would,should,might,could+动词原形If John w
3、ere here,I should be glad.如果约翰在这儿，我会很高兴的。If people drove more slowly,there wouldnt be so many accidents.如果人们开车慢一些，就不会有这么多交通事故。2.如果所提出的假设与过去情况相反，其谓语动词形式为：if从句主句过去完成时（hack过去分词）would,should,might,could+have+过去分词【高考真题】1）They might have found a better hotel if they a few more kilometers.（2018北京卷13）A.drov
4、e B.would driveC.were to drive D.had driven【解析】Do首先排除B。因为would be应该用在主句中。A.drove与现在事实相反;C.were to drive与将来事实相反。根据主句谓语动词might have found,应该是与过去事实相反，选 D。2）If the new safety system to use,the accident would never have happened.（2017 匕京卷34）A.had been put B.were putC.should be put D.would be put【解析】A。句意：
5、如果这个新的安全系统被投入使用过的话，这个事故就不会发生了。根据主句确定是对过去情况的虚拟，所以从句用had done形式，system与 put to use是动宾关系，故选A。3）Why didnt you tell me about your trouble last week?If you me,I couldhave helped.（2016 北京卷 34）A.told B.had toldC.were to tell D.would tell【解析】B。前面的特殊疑冏句用的是一般过去时，与过去事实相反，条件句用had done。4）I was wearing a seatbelt.
6、If I hadnt been wearing one,I.（2016 天津卷15）A.were injuredB.would be injuredC.had been injuredD.would have been injured【解析】D 句意：我当时系着安全带。如果我没有系安全带，我就会受伤了。根据if条件句用的had done可知，主句用would have done表示对过去情况的虚拟，而 且I 和injure是被动关系。故选D。3.如果所提出的假设在将来没有多大可能实现，其谓语动词形式为：if从句主句should+动词原形;were to+动词原形;动词的过去式would,sho
7、uld,might,could+have+过去分词If you were to come tomorrow,I might have time to see you.如果你明天来，我就有时间见你。If I missed the film tonight,I would feel sorry fodt.如果我今晚错过这部电影，我会感到遗憾。4.有时候，条件从句与主句的动作发生的时间不一致，此时各句中的谓语动词要根据它们各自所表示的时间加以调整。If I were you,I would have gone shopping with her.如果我是你，我就和她购物去了。【高考真题】1）If w
8、e the flight yesterday,we would be enjoying our holiday on the beachnow.（2018 天津卷 15）A.had caught B.caughtC.have caught D.would catch【解析】Ao首先排除C。然后排除D.would catch用于主句中，与现在事实相反。再排除B.caught与现在事实相反。条件状语从句中有明显的时间状语yesterday,与过去事实相反，所以选A。2）If it for his invitation the other day,I should not be here now.（
9、2016 Hl苏卷27）A.had not beenB.should not beC.were not to beD.should not have been【解析】A。句意：如果不是因为前几天他的邀请，我现在就不会在这里了。条件句中the other day前几天，表示与过去事实相反，用 had d o n e,所以选A。5.在正式文体中，连词i f 有时可以省略，而将were,had,should这一类词提到句首，构成部分倒装。Should it rain tomorrow,we would stay at home.(=lf it should rain tomorrow,wewould
10、 stay at hom e)如果明天下雨，我们就待在家里。【高考真题】1)Had the governments and scientists not worked together,AIDS related deathssince their highest in 2005.(2016 天津卷 15)A.had not fallen B.would not fallC.did not fall D.would not have fallen【解析】D o句意：如果政府和科学家不共同努力，与艾滋病相关的死亡人数就不会从 2005年的最高点下降。if条件句用的had done,而且省略i f,
11、将 had提前，主句用would have done表示对过去情况的虚拟。故选D。2)not for the support of the teachers,the student could not overcome herdifficulty.(2017 江苏卷 22)A.It were B.Were itC.It was D.Was it【解析】B o在虚拟语气中，与现在事实相反，be动词统一用w ere,虚拟语气的省略形式主要是把if省略,同时把were/should/had提前，即 Were/Should/Had L.,故选Bo6.含蓄条件有时假设的情况没有用if从句表示出来，而是通
12、过without,but for等介词引导的短语或是由副词otherwise,连词but等引导的短语或上下文表示出来，这种情况称为含蓄条件。Without a solid industrial foundation,this change could not have taken place.(=lfthere had not been for a solid industrial foundation,this change could not have takenplace.)没有坚实的工业基础，这种变化是不可能发生的。But for your help,we could not have
13、 succeeded in our exam.(=lf there had not beenfor your help,we could not have succeeded in our exam.=lf you had not helped us,wecould not have succeeded in our exam.)要是没有你的帮助，我们不会考得这么好。Why didnt you help them?一I would have but I didnt have money.(=1 would have helped them if I had hadmoney.)【高考真题】一D
14、o you have Bettys phone number?Yes.Otherwise,I able to reach her yesterday.(2017 天津卷 15)A.hadnt been B.wouldnt have beenC.werent D.wouldnt be【解析】B 句意：你有贝蒂的电话号码吗？有。否则我昨天就联系不到她了。此处otherwise(否则)相当于一个条件状语从句，由yesterday可知本句对过去进行虚拟，由此可以判断出主句用wouldnt have do ne,故iS B。三、虚拟语气用于其他从句中1.用在表示建议、命令、要求等的从句中在一些动词，如：
15、advise,ask,command,desire,demand,insist,propose,order,recommend,request,suggest,require 等所引导的宾语从句中，或是itis+该类动词的过去分词”所引导主语从句中，或是由该类动词的同源名词所引导的表语从句和同位语从句中，均用虚拟语气，其动词形式为should+动词原形。在现代英语中，尤其是美式英语中，should经常被省略，而用动词原形。They requested that she(should)sing an English song.他们请她唱一首英文歌曲。The demand is that the
16、troops(should)withdraw at once.要求部队立即撤退。It is desired that he(should)get everything ready by ten oclock.要求他至!J 10 点钟将一切准备好。但是，当这一类动词不是表示建议、命令、要求的意思时，则用陈述语气。He insisted that Johns idea was wrong.他坚持认为约翰的想法是错误的。Her face suggested that she was very angry.她的面部表情说明她很生气。2.用 于wish后面的宾语从句中在表示与现在事实相反的愿望时，wis
17、h后面的宾语从句要用过去时（动 词be用were）;表示与过去事实相反的愿望时，从句用过去完成时;表示将来不大可能实现的愿望时，从句用would+动词原形。He wishes that he had paid more attention to English then.他希望当时多注意一点英语就好了。I wish that the rain would stop soon.我希望雨马上会停掉。【高考真题】There is a good social life in the village,and I wish I a second chance tobecome more involved.
18、（2018 江苏卷 27）A.had B.will haveC.would have had D.have had【解 析】A。根 撼and前面的句子来判断，应该理解成与现在事实相反，要用一般过去时，所 以 选A。另外，在it is wished that后面所跟的主语从句中，以 及wish用作名词时所引导的表语从句或同位语从句中，也要用虚拟语气，动词形式同上面。Smiths wish was that he had paid more attention to English when in college.史密斯希望上大学时多加注意英语。另外，if only引导的感叹句相当于howl wi
19、sh+宾语从句。这种感叹句中的动词形式与wish引导的宾语从句中的动词形式相同。If only you had come!3.用 于as if/as though引导的从句中在as if/as though引导的从句中，谓语动词常用虚拟语气，其变化形式与wish后面从句中动词的变化形式相同。He talks as if he knew all about it.他讲起话来似乎对此事全都知道。I remember the whole thing as if it had happened yesterday.我对整个事情记忆犹新。但是，当asif/asthough引导的从句表示有很大的可能性或真
20、实性时，其谓语动词可以用陈述语气。It looks as if our side is going to win.4.用于 incase,lest,for fear that 引导的从句中这一类从句用来表示“以防、以免”等 意思,从句中的动词形式多为should+动词原形。在这一类从句中，should一般是不能省略的，但是在lest,for fear that引导的从句中，should有时可以省略。I wont make any noise,for fear that I(should)disturb you.Put on your coat lest you(should)catch col
21、d.但在in case从句中，可以不用虚拟语气而用陈述语气，表示可能性较大。试比较：III get some beer in case my uncle John comes.(他或许会来)III get some beer in case my uncle John should com e.(可能性很小)5.用 于 itis(high/about)time所跟的从句中在 it is(high/about)time之后的从句中用虚拟语气，表示该做而未做的事，其动词形式用过去式或者should+动词原形。It is time that the children went to bed.孩子们该
22、上床睡觉了。6.用于 would(had)rather,would prefer 引导的从句中在 would(had)rather,would prefer引导的从句中，常用虚拟语气来表示愿望或婉转的责备。在表示现在或将来的情况时，从句中动词形式为过去式;在表示过去情况时，则用过去完成时。Id rather you told her the bad news some other day because today is her birthday.M希望你再找一天把这坏消息告诉她，因为今天是她的生日。I would rather you had come yesterday.你昨天来就好了。7
23、.用 于“its+某些形容词+that从句”结构中的主语从句中虚拟语气在这种结构中使用时，从句中的动词形式为should(可 省 略)+动词原形。常用在这种结构中的形容词有：strange,advisable,desirable,essential,important,natural,necessary,surprising,urgent,v让 al 等。【高考真题】Its strange that he have taken the books without the owners permission.（2018江苏卷24）A.would B.shouldC.could D.might【解析】B o