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1、2022年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（北京卷）第一部分 知识运用（共两节，30分）第一节（共 10小题；每 小 题 1.5分，共 15分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。One Monday morning,while the children were enjoying“free play”,I stepped tothe doorway of the classroom to take a break.Suddenly,I a movement of theheavy wooden door.This was the
2、 very door I 2 guided the children through toensure their safety from the bitter cold.I felt a chill（寒意）go through my body.My legs carried me to that door,and I pushed it open.It was one of mykindergarteners who I thought was 3 that day.He had been dropped off atschool late and was 4 to open the doo
3、r.He must have been waiting there for quite a while!Without a word,I rushed him tothe hospital.He was treated for frostbite on his hands.Hed need time to 5,andwouldnt come for class the next day,I thought.The next morning,one of the first to 6 was my little frostbitten boy.Notonly did he run in with
4、 energy,but his 7 could be heard as loud as ever!I gavehim a warm hug and told him how 8 I was to see him.His words have stayedwith me all these years,ctI knew you would open the door.That cold Monday morning,he waited a long,long while for adults to 9.To a child,every minute feels like forever.He d
5、idnt attempt to walk back home;hewaited and trusted.This five-year-old taught me a powerful lesson in 10.1.A causedB spottedC.checkedD.imagined2.A-hesitantlyB randomlyC dizzilyD.carefully3.A.angryB.absentC specialD.noisy4.A.courageousB contentC unableD.unwilling5.A.recoverB.playC changeD.wait6.A.set
6、tleB gatherC arriveD.react7.A sneezeB weepC complaintD.laughter8.A.luckyB happyC curiousD.nervous9.A show upB.pull upC.hold upD.line up10.A gratitudeB forgivenessC.faithD.kindness1第二节（共10小题；每 小 题1.5分，共15分）阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个 恰 当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指 定区域作答。AHelen was walking
7、 down the street late 11 the evening,her arms filled with grocerybags.Focused on balancing the bags,she didnt notice her wallet falling out of her pocket.AsHelen walked on,she heard a man charging towards her.Fearful that he might have an intention_12(harm)her,Helen started to run.Eventually,the man
8、 13(catch)up with her,and hewas only trying to return her wallet!Why do humans prefer some smells over others?One theory,increasingly 14(support)by experts,suggests that smell preferences are learned.Its easy to explain how wedetermine 15 smells are dangerous or not:we learn.This has been adopted to
9、 ensureeasier detection of gas leaks.Gas naturally 16(have)no recognisable smell.However,a strong smell is added so that we can raise the alarm when we detect the smell associatedwith danger.CSince people cant always eat out or cook fbr 17(they),they get takeout or orderdelivery.More takeout and mor
10、e food delivery equal more waste,especially plastic waste.Thatincludes cups,bottles,and bags,most of 18 are only good fbr one use.Thats a bigproblem and it is getting even 19(bad).The use of those plastics 20(increase)by 300%since 2019.The world wont survive if this situation continueso第二部分阅读理解(共两节，
11、38分)第 一 节(共14小题；每 小 题2分，共28分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并 在答题卡上将该项涂黑。APeer(同伴)Assisted Study Sessions(PASS)is a peer-facilitated learning programme available tostudents enrolled(注册)in most core units of study in our business school.PASS involves weekly sessions where you work in groups to tack
12、le specially preparedproblem sets,based around a unit of study youre enrolled in.PASS doesnt re-teach or deliver new content.Its an opportunity to deepen yourunderstanding of the key points from lecture materials while you are applying your skills tosolve problems.You work interactively with your pe
13、ers.As a peer group,you decide what is covered ineach session.That way,PASS directly responds to your needs and feedback.Registration in Term 2 will open at 9 am,21 September 2022.Waiting listsIf a session is full,you can register for the waiting list.We will email you if a place becomesavailable or
14、 if a new session is to be held.When you are placed on a waiting list,we will email you a number which tells you where youare on the list.If you are close to the front of the list,you have a good chance of gaining a place in theprogramme in the near future.Deregistering2If you miss two PASS sessions
15、 in a row,you will be deregistered and your place will be givento someone on the waiting list.Make sure you fill in the attendance sheet at each session to recordyour attendance.Youll be informed by email if you are being deregistered as a result of missing sessions.Ifyou believe you have received t
16、he email in error,email the PASS office at passofficeumbs.edu.21.In PASS,s t u d e n t s.A attend new lecturesB.decide their own schedulesC prepare problem sets in groupsD.use their skills to solve problems22.What can students do if a session is full?A Fill in the attendance sheet.B.Sign up for the
17、waiting list.C Report their needs and feedback.D Email the office their numbers on the list.23.Students will be deregistered if.A.they send emails in errorB.they fail to work interactivelyC they give their places to othersD they miss two sessions in a rowBMy name is Alice.Early last year,I was troub
18、led by an anxiety that crippled（削弱）my ability todo anything.I felt like a storm cloud hung over me.For almost a year I struggled on,constantlystaring at this wall that faced me.My perfectionist tendencies were the main root of this:I wantedto be perfect at whatever I did,which obviously in life is n
19、ot possible,but it consumed me.One day,I attended a presentation by wildlife conservationist Grant Brown at my high school.His presentation not only awed and inspired me,but also helped emerge an inner desire to make adifference in the world.I joined a pre-presentation dinner with him and that small
20、er settingallowed me to slowly build up my courage to speak one-on-one with himan idea that hadseemed completely impossible.This first contact was where my story began.A month later,Brown invited me to attend the World Youth Wildlife Conference.Lookingback,I now see that this would be the first in a
21、 series of timely opportunities that my old selfwould have let pass,but that this new and more confident Alice enthusiastically seized.Shortlyafter I received his invitation,applications to join the Youth for Nature and the Youth for Planetgroups were sent around through my high school.I decided to
22、commit to completing theapplications,and soon I was a part of a growing global team of young people working to protectnature.Each of these new steps continued to grow my confidence.I am writing this just six months since my journey began and Fve realised that my biggestobstacle（障碍）this whole time wa
23、s myself.It was that voice in the back of my head telling me thatone phrase that has stopped so many people from reaching their potential:I cant.They say goodthings come to those who wait;I say:grab every opportunity with everything you have and beimpatient.After all,nature does not require our pati
24、ence,but our action.324.What was the main cause for Alices anxiety?A,Her inability to act her age.B.Her habit of consumption.C.Her desire to be perfect.D.Her lack of inspiration.25.How did Grant Browns presentation influence Alice?A.She decided to do something for nature.B She tasted the sweetness o
25、f friendship.C.She learned about the harm of desire.D She built up her courage to speak up.26.The activities Alice joined in helped her to become mo r e.A-intelligent B.confidentC innovative D.critical27.What can we learn from this passage?A.Practice makes perfect.B Patience is a cure of anxiety.C A
26、ction is worrys worst enemy.D.Everything comes to those who wait.C“What would the world be if there were no hunger?Its a question that Professor Crystalwould ask her students.They found it hard to answer,she wrote later,because imaginingsomething that isnt part of real life一and learning how to make
27、it real一is a rare skill.It is taughtto artists and engineers,but much less often to scientists.Crystal set out to change that,and helpedto create a global movement.The result-an approach known as systems thinking一is now seen asessential in meeting global challenges.Systems thinking is crucial to ach
28、ieving targets such as zero hunger and better nutritionbecause it requires considering the way in which food is produced,processed,delivered andconsumed,and looking at how those things intersect（交叉）with human health,the environment,economics and society.According to systems thinking,changing the foo
29、d system一or any othernetwork一requires three things to happen.First,researchers need to identify all the players in thatsystem;second,they must work out how they relate to each other;and third,they need to understandand quantify the impact of those relationships on each other and on those outside the
30、 system.Take nutrition.In the latest UN report on global food security,the number ofundernourished（营养不良）people in the world has been rising,despite great advances in nutritionscience.Tracking of 150 biochemicals in food has been important in revealing the relationshipsbetween calories,sugar,fat and
31、the occurrence of common diseases.But using machine learningand artificial intelligence,some scientists propose that human diets consist of at least 26,000biochemicalsand that the vast majority are not known.A systems approach to creating change is also built on the assumption that everyone inthe sy
32、stem has equal power.But as some researchers find,the food system is not an equal one.Agood way to redress（修正）such power imbalance is for more universities to do what Crystal didand teach students how to think using a systems approach.More researchers,policy makers and representatives from the food
33、industry must learn tolook beyond their direct lines of responsibility and adopt a systems approach.Crystal knew thatvisions alone dont produce results,but concluded that well never produce results that we cantenvision”.428.The author uses the question underlined in Paragraph 1 to.A illustrate an ar
34、gument B.highlight an opinionC introduce the topic D.predict the ending29.What can be infen*ed about the field of nutrition?A The first objective of systems thinking hasnt been achieved.B The relationships among players have been clarified.C.Machine learning can solve the nutrition problem.D The imp
35、act of nutrition cannot be quantified.30.As for systems thinking,which would the author agree with?A It may be used to justify power imbalance.B It can be applied to tackle challenges.C.It helps to prove why hunger exists.D It goes beyond human imagination.DQuantum（量子）computers have been on my mind
36、a lot lately.A friend has been sending mearticles on how quantum computers might help solve some of the biggest challenges we face ashumans.Fve also had exchanges with two quantum-computing experts.One is computer scientistChris Johnson who I see as someone who helps keep the field honest.The other
37、is physicist PhilipTaylor.For decades,quantum computing has been little more than a laboratory curiosity.Now,bigtech companies have invested in quantum computing,as have many smaller ones.According toBusiness Weekly,quantum machines could help us“cure cancer,and even take steps to turn climatechange
38、 in the opposite direction.This is the sort of hype（炒作）that annoys Johnson.He worries thatresearchers are making promises they cant keep.Whats new,“Johnson wrote,“is that millionsof dollars are now potentially available to quantum computing researchers.As quantum computing attracts more attention an
39、d funding,researchers may misleadinvestors,journalists,the public and,worst of all,themselves about their works potential.Ifresearchers cant keep their promises,excitement might give way to doubt,disappointment andanger,Johnson warns.Lots of other technologies have gone through stages of excitement.
40、Butsomething about quantum computing makes it especially prone to hype,Johnson suggests,perhaps because“quantum stands for something cool you shouldnt be able to understand.Andthat brings me back to Taylor,who suggested that I read his book Qfor Qnantnm.After I read the book,Taylor patiently answere
41、d my questions about it.He also answeredmy questions about PyQuantum,the firm he co-founded in 2016.Taylor shares Johnsonconcerns about hype,but he says those concerns do not apply to PyQuantum.The company,he says,is closer than any other firm“by a very large margin（幅度）“to building a“useful“quantum
42、computer,one that“solves an impactful problem that we would not have been ableto solve otherwise.He adds,People will naturally discount my opinions,but I have spent a lot oftime quantitatively comparing what we are doing with others/9Could PyQuantum really be leading all the competition“by a wide ma
43、rgin,as Taylorclaims?I dont know.Im certainly not going to advise my friend or anyone else to invest inquantum computers.But I trust Taylor,just as I trust Johnson.31.Regarding Johnsons concerns,the author f e e l s.5A,sympathetic B.unconcernedC doubtful D.excited32.What leads to Taylors optimism ab
44、out quantum computing?A His dominance in physics.B The competition in the field.C His confidence in PyQuantum.D-The investment of tech companies.33.What does the underlined word“prone”in Paragraph 3 most probably mean?A.Open.B.Cool.C Useful.D.Resistant.34.Which would be the best title for the passag
45、e?A Is Johnson More Competent Than Taylor?B Is Quantum Computing Redefining Technology?C.Will Quantum Computers Ever Come into Being?D Will Quantum Computing Ever Live Up to Its Hype?第二节（共 5 小题；每小题2 分，共 10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。Health and fitness help a person live
46、a good and healthy life.Often due to various pressures,we tend to ignore our health.35 It is the fitness level of our body that helps us fight thesediseases.36 We need to be fit to have a healthy body.Similarly,if we are healthy we shallnaturally be attracted towards maintaining the fitness of our b
47、ody.Health is the state of our body at agiven time.We may not have any disease but still have a weak body,which is ready to betargeted by viruses.37 This does not definitely mean that we are not healthy.It means thefitness level is not in accordance with our age and the climatic conditions we live i
48、n.It is important for everyone to devote some time to health and fitness.38 For instance,wemust exercise daily regardless of our age and working style.There are different levels ofexercises for different age groups and we must do them according to our own health and age.Additionally,it is important
49、to relax our body.We should have at least six to eight hours ofsleep every day.It helps in improving our immune（免疫）system and protects us against diseases._39 This,in turn,gives us new goals of health and fitness.A Fitness levels decide the quality of life.B Health and fitness are interrelated to ea
50、ch other.C It also helps in keeping us calm and relaxes our mind.D.For instance,we may have a tendency to catch a cold easily.E.If we keep our body fit,we can enjoy life in a better manner.F.There are some activities which everyone should do in our life.G This makes our body suffer and we catch life