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1、浅谈任务型阅读解题策略 一、任务型阅读的命题特点（一）题型设置 对于表格中所缺的单词，命题者往往重实词（动词和名词）的考查。题目的设置归纳起来可以分为以下三种类型。1信息捕捉题（基础题）要求学生能快速在文章中查找相关细节，锁定信息来源，并用文章中的 词或其适当形式填空。2信息转换题（活用题）灵活考查学生在知识重组基础上，运用多中表达方式表意的能力，突显遣词造句能力的考查。比如，用意义相同或相反的词完成句子的能力。同时，在限定一空一词的要求下，更需要考生有逆向思维的能力。这种类型的题目一般不能直接在文章中找到题目给出的句子，需要考生在捕捉到相关信息之后，将捕捉到的信息进行加工转换。3信息综合题（
2、综合概括题）要求考生能够准确无误地概括出文章的主题或行（栏）的标题，考查学生概括与推断的能力，归纳、抽象并提炼出文章主旨或者重要信息的能力，也就是在语篇结构解读基础上的信息转换能力。（二）特点归纳 任务型读写的命题特点可归纳为以下几点：1突出体现文章结构与层次 任务型读写与传统的阅读理解题的主要不同就在于他对文章结构和层次的体现。从大标题（文章主题）到小标题（论述的各个侧面或分析列举），再到各个细节或不同论据，任务型读写以表格的形式形象地展现了文章的框架，让学生对文章进行了从“骨头”到“血肉”的彻底分析。2强调捕捉与组织信息的能力 任务型读写设题的初衷是考察学生对信息的综合加工和处理能力，其信
3、息不仅体现在短文阅读中，还体现在对表格信息的比较和理解中。综合考试说明中的四种类型所体现的三类命题，即捕捉信息题、组织信息题和归纳信息题，较为恰当的设题比例一般是 5：3：2。单就这一题型来讲，兼顾了学生的不同层次，有覆盖面也有区分度，从考查学生水平的角度来说，是比较科学和客观的。3兼顾阅读理解与文字表述的能力 任务型阅读属于主观题范畴，故其在阅读理解能力的考察之外，适当向文字表达能力倾斜。所有的组织信息题，都需要考察对阅读所得的信息进行加工，同时兼顾空格前后的文字与句式来选择用适当的单词。在这一过程中，所有文字表述需要的知识点都会得到相应的考察，例如主谓一致、时态语态、非谓语动词、固定搭配等
4、基础的语言知识。二、解题步骤 1略读。理解文章大意是做题的第一步，也是关键的一步。因此，要快速浏览全文，尤其是每段的第一句话，即 Topic sentence 和首尾段落，理清文章的写作思路和基本结构，以便加深对文章内容的了解。同时文章的结构往往也是很重要的设题线索。表格项目可能就是根据文章的结构而设计的。只有读懂了文章，才能顺利地在表格中填出相应的信息。2扫读。扫读图表，分析表格结构，理清其显示的层次关系，准确定位其考察要求。要特别注意表格前的小标题，它通常就是段落和表格的主题句。读懂了表格标题有助于理解短文及表格的大意，了解表格结构和题目的设置。如捕捉信息题可以去文中查读，其他问题则需要对
5、信息进行加工处理。一般题目的结构是：全文的标题 在标题中缺少一个关键词，根据文章填出所缺的关键词。各段大意 试题中给出各段大意，在给出的信息中缺少一些关键内容，学生把文章的各段对应起来，找准信息。对各段大意的详细的阐述 从文章各段或分散在全文的对应的信息点出发，这要求学生有高度驾驭语篇的能力，在文章中找到准确的信息完成填空。3精读。深入理解文章内容，精读与空格中要填的信息有关的文段，寻找确定答案的关键词语，或从文中进行概括，同时仔细斟酌用词，确保填的是最恰当词的最恰当形式。如填写时要注意所填单词的结构和形式，看是否与表格中 所给的格式相同，同时注意单词的拼写、短语的搭配、所填词汇的词性、所填
6、单词是否符合题目要求，还要注意字母的大小写。4 复查。通观全篇文章，务必再仔细核对文章和任务，确保准确性。三 解题技巧 在掌握了科学的解题步骤之后，同学门还要掌握一些实用的解题技巧。（一）捕捉信息的技巧 1确定文章与表格之间的对应关系。先略读短文，然后速览表格，借助所给图表结构抓住文章中心大意以及文章的脉络。并确定表格中某一行或某一列与文章中某一段落之间的对应关系。2确定文章中相应的句子。在文章中标出与表格中空格前后给出的关键词句相符合或一致的句子。注意，有时表格中的语境悄悄发生了变化，有的是在空格前后“多一词”，有的”是“少一词”，还有的是“换一词”。考生如果稍不留神就会犯错。（二）变通信息
7、的技巧。有许多答案是不能直接在文章中找到原句或原词的，这需要我们对文章进行加工或变通。这些变通大多与语法知识有关，也有些与短语和句型有关。1间接法-即基于原文某个词语的语法变形，如，主动与被动，谓语动词与非谓语动词，动词原形与动词第三人称单数形式，动词与名词，名词与形容词，形容词、副词的比较级与最高级，名词单复数等。2意译法-即对原文中的某句话在保持意思不变的前提下，变换一种说法。这种变换有一定的难度，要求你吃透原句意思，然后进行转换或解释。答案的来 源往往有三个方面。（1）根据关键词的导航，在文中捕捉原始信息。（2）根据空格前后变化了的新语境，从语法和搭配的角度对原始信息进行加工。（3）根据
8、单元格本身的行文规律，遵循同一栏在表达上的一致性原则，从周围单元格中确定信息最终的输出形式。（三）概括信息的技巧 不会概括归纳的原因有两个：一是没有看懂表格里横向单元格和纵向单元格之间的逻辑关系；二是没有掌握常见的表示归纳概括的词语。1看懂表格。归纳概括词语往往位于表格上面的第一行或表格左边的第一列。方法通常是：看下面的单元格向上概括：看右边的单元格向左归纳。大多是归纳某一段落的大意，有时是概括全文的主旨。换个角度想一想人生在世有多少梦想是我们一时无法实现的有多少目标是我们难以达到的下面是由给大家带来的奋斗的青春最美演讲稿字范文篇让我们一起来看看奋斗的青春最美演讲稿字范文亲爱的老师同学们大家好
9、青春没有驿站永远保持鲜艳的色彩正值花季的我们等待着如花绽放的那一刻一年的六月栀子花开我们将告别初中的青葱岁月经历华美的蜕变我们将重新起航初入初中校园高手如云我曾不知所措我等待能有机会让我一鸣惊人于是我在迷茫无措中等是上天只会赐给辛勤的农夫一只肥美的兔子等待并不是虚度年华浪费光阴也并不是躲在某个角落逃避自我而是为了积蓄自己的力量采撷成功的硕果让平庸的生命焕出色彩于是我开始改变我不再一味等待而是在等待中奋斗我不期望等归纳概括的注意事项有：（1）大小写（2）单复数（3）搭配 2掌握常见的归纳概括词语。（1）赞成和反对的理由 pros and cons（2)优劣 advantages,disadvan
10、tages(3)异同 similarities,differences(4)建议 suggestions,tips,advice(5)态度、观点 attitudes to/towards,opinion of(6)简介某个现象或问题 brief/general introduction,phenomenon(phenomena),problem(s)3.高频词。如果我们能在平时多注意掌握一些高频词这也就能大大提高我们做题的速度。如我们常见的原因和结果：reason(for),result;cause(of),effect;consequence 异同点与优缺点：difference,simil
11、arity；advantage/benefit,disadvantage 功能：function 观点与态度：opinion,view(on/about),viewpoint,idea；attitude to/towards 评论、评价：comment(on),remark(on/upon),assessment 表方式、方法：means,way,method(of);solution,approach(to doing sth.);take measures to do sth.目的：purpose,aim,goal 积极和消极：positive,negative;optimistic 建议
12、：advice u,suggestion,tip 概括、总结:summary,conclusion 特点：feature,characteristic 种类：kind,type,category,class 精神上与身体上：mentally，physically 影响:influence,impact,effect(on)情形，状况:situation，condition 建立：build,create,establish,found 出现：appear,occur(red)实现，完成：reach,realize,accomplish 必要，必需:must/necessity 方面，项目条款：
13、item/aspect 材料:materials 知识消息：knowledge/information 日程计划:schedule/agenda 百分比：percentage 性别:sex 年龄:age 满意:satisfaction 忧虑，担忧，焦急:concern(不)熟悉:familiar/unfamiliar 个人，个人的:individual 细节:description,detail 文化:culture 责任:(take)responsibility 贡献:(make)contributions to 重要:value importance significance 比较:con
14、trast comparison 时期:period/time 存在:existence exist 花费:cost/expense 人口:population 天气与气候:weatheru/climate c 位置:location 主题:theme 背景:setting，background 情节:plot 高潮:climax 结尾:ending 反对者与支持者：supporter,opponent 转换类常用句型：1.100 years=1 century=10 decades 2.take advantage of=make use of 3.parental attention=wi
15、th the help/aid/assistance of parents 4.oppose the move=be against the move=object to=disagree with 5.consider =take into consideration/acco unt 换个角度想一想人生在世有多少梦想是我们一时无法实现的有多少目标是我们难以达到的下面是由给大家带来的奋斗的青春最美演讲稿字范文篇让我们一起来看看奋斗的青春最美演讲稿字范文亲爱的老师同学们大家好青春没有驿站永远保持鲜艳的色彩正值花季的我们等待着如花绽放的那一刻一年的六月栀子花开我们将告别初中的青葱岁月经历华美的蜕
16、变我们将重新起航初入初中校园高手如云我曾不知所措我等待能有机会让我一鸣惊人于是我在迷茫无措中等是上天只会赐给辛勤的农夫一只肥美的兔子等待并不是虚度年华浪费光阴也并不是躲在某个角落逃避自我而是为了积蓄自己的力量采撷成功的硕果让平庸的生命焕出色彩于是我开始改变我不再一味等待而是在等待中奋斗我不期望等6.at the beginning=at first 7.be responsible for=take/shoulder/bear responsibility for 8.since the beginning of human evolution=throughout human history
17、 9.Americans have been migrating south and west for decades in search of better job opportunities.=Americans have been migrating south and west for decades,seeking a better job./searching/looking for a better job.10.housing-related reasons=reasons related/linked/relevant to /connected with housing 1
18、1.take an active part in=take part in sth.actively 12.encourage participation in quiet activities=encourage children to participate in/take part in/play a role in quite activities 13.be hooked on headphones=be addicted to headphones 14.valuable information=information of great value 15.understand cl
19、early=have a clear understanding of sth.16.affect=have an effect/influence/impact on sth.17.matter=count=be very important=be of importance=make sense=make a difference 18.kills sb.=sth.costs sb.sth.=claim ones life 19.make an apology=apologize to sb.20.be over=end=put to an end 21.despite=in spite
20、of 22.share less than 2%=account for less than 2%=make up 23.online=on the Internet 24.learn good citizenship=learn to be good citizens 25.list the things that you are good at=list what/all you are good at 26.explain sth.=make an explanation 27.offer sth.to sb.=provide/supply sth.for sb.28.besides=o
21、n top of=in addition to=apart from 29.be better than=be superior to 30.approve of=subscribe to=be in favor/support of=favor sth.31.have access to=be acceptable/accessible/available to 32.stop=quit=give up pensate for=make up for 34.in part=partly 35.every year=yearly=annually 36.use up=run out of(主动
22、)37.run out=give out=be used up(被动)38.be accused of=be charged with 39.most of the people=the majority of the people 40.cater to/for ones needs/demands/requirements=satisfy/meet ones.41.starve to death=die of hunger/starvation 42.be tired out=be worn out=be exhausted=be weary 43.socially responsible
23、=social responsibility 44.sth.benefit sb.=be beneficial to sb.=be of benefit to=sb.benefit from mit oneself to doing sth.=promise to do sth.46.make full use of=make the most of 换个角度想一想人生在世有多少梦想是我们一时无法实现的有多少目标是我们难以达到的下面是由给大家带来的奋斗的青春最美演讲稿字范文篇让我们一起来看看奋斗的青春最美演讲稿字范文亲爱的老师同学们大家好青春没有驿站永远保持鲜艳的色彩正值花季的我们等待着如花绽
24、放的那一刻一年的六月栀子花开我们将告别初中的青葱岁月经历华美的蜕变我们将重新起航初入初中校园高手如云我曾不知所措我等待能有机会让我一鸣惊人于是我在迷茫无措中等是上天只会赐给辛勤的农夫一只肥美的兔子等待并不是虚度年华浪费光阴也并不是躲在某个角落逃避自我而是为了积蓄自己的力量采撷成功的硕果让平庸的生命焕出色彩于是我开始改变我不再一味等待而是在等待中奋斗我不期望等：suppose/aim,reason,cause,tip/suggestion/advice.function,advantage/disadvantage,conclusion,introduction,等 四.任务型阅读填空题解题技巧
25、的实例分析 我们结合下面的例子来剖析以下高考英语任务性阅读的解题方略：认真阅读下列短文，并根据所读内容在文章后图表中的空格里填入最恰当的词，每空一个词。Host family accommodation,or living with host families,remains popular among language travel students for its advantages.These days,host families are trying to offer more in terms of quality,for they still have something to
26、worry about.Host family accommodation is often seen as the number-one choice for its advantages in language study,cultural communication and cost of living.Staying alongside host families enables students to get enough practice for the short time of their studying so that their language acquisition
27、is likely to become faster.Living in host families also has the advantage for students of being able to spend a lot of time communicating with their“host parents”,and get to know the local way of life,people and culture.Another advantage is that host family accommodation can sometimes be the least e
28、xpensive.It attracts students for it ensures them a family type of living at a low cost.The advantages,however,have not prevented host families from worrying.On one hand,some host families are losing their unique selling point.The problem is that the majority of hosts in big cites,now generally sing
29、le and young,have less times available for students but the selling point for host family accommodation is communication practice.One the other hand,students expectations have risen.They are becoming more demanding and asking for more than ever from their accommodation,as they come mainly from high
30、socio-economic groups in their own countries.To get out of the difficult situation,host families are now making efforts to improve the quality of service.They are trying to making living conditions better,including broadband Internet service,private bathroom,and access to plenty of hot water for lon
31、g showers.They are also providing students with structured family activities.It is believed that host family accommodation will keep the popularity vote with language travel students.Title:76.Host family _ Theme Host families are improving the accommodation quality 77._ 1）Language study 78._ becomin
32、g faster 2）Cultural communication(1)79._with hosts(2)Knowing the local way of life,people and culture 3）80._ of living Being least expensive sometimes 81._ 1）Loss of selling point Hosts having less time for students 2）82._ in expectations Students becoming more demanding 换个角度想一想人生在世有多少梦想是我们一时无法实现的有多
33、少目标是我们难以达到的下面是由给大家带来的奋斗的青春最美演讲稿字范文篇让我们一起来看看奋斗的青春最美演讲稿字范文亲爱的老师同学们大家好青春没有驿站永远保持鲜艳的色彩正值花季的我们等待着如花绽放的那一刻一年的六月栀子花开我们将告别初中的青葱岁月经历华美的蜕变我们将重新起航初入初中校园高手如云我曾不知所措我等待能有机会让我一鸣惊人于是我在迷茫无措中等是上天只会赐给辛勤的农夫一只肥美的兔子等待并不是虚度年华浪费光阴也并不是躲在某个角落逃避自我而是为了积蓄自己的力量采撷成功的硕果让平庸的生命焕出色彩于是我开始改变我不再一味等待而是在等待中奋斗我不期望等83._ Service quality impr
34、ovement(1)84._ living conditions(2)Organizing structured family activities 85._ Host family accommodation will keep the popularity vote with students.76accommodation 这是对全文的概括，文章第一段第一句话就给了提示信息。其中，关键词是 accommodation.77Advantages.根据第二段内容，尤其是第一句：for its advantages in language study,cultural communicatio
35、n and cost of living.再根据该题（表格）右边所对应的三点。其中，关键词是 advantages.78.Possibly 根据表格该题目的左边第一点提示及第二段第二句后 language acquisition is likely to become faster.其中，关键词是 likely.79Communicating 根据第二段第三句 able to spend a lot of time communicating with their“host parents”,and get to know the local way of life,people and cu
36、lture.其中，关键词是 communicating 80Cost 根据表格中该题左边的已知信息及第二段第一句末尾。其中，关键词是cost.81WorriesProblems 根据表格该题右边已知信息及第三段的内容（尤其是第一句）。其中，关键词是 worrying.82Rise 根据表格中该题右边的已知信息及第三段倒数第二句中 students expectations have risen.其中，关键词是 risen.83EffortsMeasures.根据该题表格右边的已知信息及第四段的内容尤其是该段第一句。其中，关键词是 efforts.84.Bettering 根据该题表格左边的已知
37、信息及第四段第二句。其中，关键词是better.（bettering 的形式根据该题下面的第（2）点已知信息 organizing）.85.Conclusion 根据全文的意义及最后一句。英语任务型阅读（一）Some people believe that greed and selfishness has become the basis of modern society,and we should return to the old traditions of family and community then we will have a better life.To what ext
38、ent do you agree or disagree with the above opinion?In this fast-paced world,many values are undergoing major changes.While people traditionally prioritize caring,sharing and generosity in life and work,modern people seem to be more self-absorbed and self-concerned.Modern people act selfishly to sur
39、vive the harsh competition of life.They say that it is a jungle out there.To survive,you have to fight with whatever means that come handy.Obviously greedy and selfishness go perfectly well with such ideas.In a company,employees do everything they can to get better pay and higher position,even at th
40、e cost of colleagues.We are in any way advocating any selfish conduct.It is just that people are pressured to act in a certain way due to outside influences.In spite of common practice,it is hard to conclude that modern society is built on greed and selfishness,both of which are not newly invented v
41、ocabulary.In ancient times people also did greedy and selfish things though such behaviors were more condemned then.But we can not ignore the fact that people in the past lived a relatively more isolated life and faced less pressure compared with their modern counterparts.换个角度想一想人生在世有多少梦想是我们一时无法实现的有
42、多少目标是我们难以达到的下面是由给大家带来的奋斗的青春最美演讲稿字范文篇让我们一起来看看奋斗的青春最美演讲稿字范文亲爱的老师同学们大家好青春没有驿站永远保持鲜艳的色彩正值花季的我们等待着如花绽放的那一刻一年的六月栀子花开我们将告别初中的青葱岁月经历华美的蜕变我们将重新起航初入初中校园高手如云我曾不知所措我等待能有机会让我一鸣惊人于是我在迷茫无措中等是上天只会赐给辛勤的农夫一只肥美的兔子等待并不是虚度年华浪费光阴也并不是躲在某个角落逃避自我而是为了积蓄自己的力量采撷成功的硕果让平庸的生命焕出色彩于是我开始改变我不再一味等待而是在等待中奋斗我不期望等Are we happier to share
43、with others and be generous to them?There is no fixed answer either.Some people take great pleasure helping and giving to others while others feel happy doing the opposite.But I personally think that people should not be too selfish.Caring for others can actually encourage the development of a mutua
44、lly beneficial relationship.In conclusion,modern people appear to be more self-centered than those in the past due to strong outside pressure.However,we should encourage people to know the importance of being caring and generous and to build a mutually beneficial relationship with others.Are Modern
45、People Becoming More Selfish?Main comparisons Contexts _1_ are changing In the past people put caring,sharing and generosity in the first _2_.Nowadays,people seem to be more _3_about themselves._4_are changing too.People in the past appeared to be modest and self-effacing(谦让的).People may strive to a
46、chieve their own _5_ at the price of their coworkers.The authors understanding _6_ for the changes in authors eyes Fierce _7_ and great _8_on modern people may be responsible for the changes.The authors _9_towards topic A relationship which can _10_ two sides should be established.1.Values 2.place 3
47、.concerned 4.Behaviors 5.goals 6.Reasons petition 8.pressure 9.attitudes 10.benefit （二）Traditionally,customers may consider more about what they buy the product for.However,the image of product and the consuming circumstance have become the key points to attract customer awareness and stimulate thei
48、r buying needs.Frequently,customers buy goods just because they are cute,lovely and unique.With a less emphasis on functional utilities,the experience and imaginative space are placed into an increasingly important role.The image of product is emphasized,as well as the communication between products
49、 and consumers.“Customer behavior,which appears to be focused and directed at the object and at pleasure,in fact responds to quite different objectives:displaced expression of desire,and the production of a code of social values through the use of differential signs”(Baudrillard).The reason for imag
50、e-oriented customer behavior is probably that customers lifestyle has been continuously virtualized by paying much attention to“Virtual Reality”.The evidences can be traced from 换个角度想一想人生在世有多少梦想是我们一时无法实现的有多少目标是我们难以达到的下面是由给大家带来的奋斗的青春最美演讲稿字范文篇让我们一起来看看奋斗的青春最美演讲稿字范文亲爱的老师同学们大家好青春没有驿站永远保持鲜艳的色彩正值花季的我们等待着如花