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1、2012年全国普通高等学校招生考试(全国大纲卷)英语第卷第一部分 英语知识运用(共三节，满分50分)第一节 语音知识（共5小题；每小题1分。满分5分）从A、B、C、D四个选项中，找出画线部分与所给单词的画线部分读音相同的选项。1theaterAtreasure Bwheat Cseason Drealize2persuadeAusual Binsist Csugar Dtrousers3company Aalone Bcarrot Cmoney Dknock4oppositeAservice Boutside Cpioneer Dpolice5societyAofficial Brecent
2、Cchocolate Ddifficult第二节 单项填空(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。6What shall we do tonight then? whatever you wantAHelp yourself BIts a deal CNo problem DIts up to you7He missed gold in the high jump，but will get second chance in the long jumpAthe； the B不填； a Cthe； a Da；不填8That evening，
3、I will tell you more about later， I ended up working very lateAthat Bwhich Cwhat Dwhen9Sarah made to the airport just in time to catch her plane this morningAherself Bthis Cthat Dit10Tony lent me the money， that Id do as much for himAhoping Bto hope Choped Dhaving hoped11I had hardly got to the offi
4、ce my wife phoned me to go back home at onceAwhen Bthan Cuntil Dafter12We to paint the whole house but finished only the front part that dayAset about Bset up Cset out Dset down13Next to biology， I like physics Abetter Bbest Cthe better Dvery well14Did you ask Sophia for help?I need to I managed per
5、fectly well on my ownAwouldnt Bdont Cdidnt Dwont15The old man sat in front of the television every evening， happy anything that happened to be onAto watch Bwatching Cwatched Dto have watched16100 is the temperature which water will boilAfor Bat Con Dof17Im going to Europe on vacation together with J
6、ohn if I find the moneyAcan Bmight Cwould Dneed18The manager the workers how to improve the program since 9 amAhas told Bis telling Chas been telling Dwill have told19The Harry Potter books are quite popular； they are in great in this cityAquantity Bprogress Cproduction Ddemand20Try not to work your
7、self too hard Take it easyThanks ASo what? BNo way CWhat for? DYou too第三节 完形填空(共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分)阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Around twenty years ago I was living in York21I had a lot of experience and a Masters degree， I could not find 22workI was 23a school bus to make ends meet
8、 and 24with a friend of mine， for I had lost my flat I had 25five interviews (面试) with a company and one day between bus runs they called to say I did not 26the job Why has my life become so 27? I thought painfullyAs I pulled the bus over to28a little girl， she handed me an earring 29I should keep i
9、t 30somebody claimed (认领) it The earring was painted black and said BE HAPPYAt first I got angry Then it 31 me I had been giving all of my 32 to what was going wrong with my 33 rather than what was right! I decided then and there to make a 34 of fifty things I was happy with Later， I decided to 35 m
10、ore things to the list That night there was a phone call for 36 from a lady who was a director at a large 37 She asked me if I would 38a one-day lecture on stress (压力) management to 200 medical workers I said yesMy 39there went very well， and before long I got a well-paid job To this day I know that
11、 it was because I changed my way of 40that I completely changed my life21AAsBThoughCIfDWhen22AsuccessfulBextraCsatisfyingDconvenient23AdrivingBrepairingCtakingDdesigning24AworkingBtravellingCdiscussingDliving25Aprepared forBattendedCasked forDheld26AloseBlikeCfindDget27AhardBbusyCseriousDshort28Awav
12、e atBdrop offCcall onDlook for29AorderingBpromisingCsayingDshowing30Ain caseBor elseCas ifDnow that31AhurtBhitCcaughtDmoved32AfeelingsBattentionCstrengthDinterests33AopinionsBeducationCexperiencesDlife34AlistBbookCcheckDcopy35AconnectBturnCkeepDadd36AherBa passengerCmeDmy friend37AhospitalBfactoryCr
13、estaurantDhotel38Alisten toBreviewCgiveDtalk about39AplanBchoiceCdayDtour40AoperationBspeakingCemploymentDthinking第二部分 阅读理解(共20小题；每小题2分，满分40分)阅读下面短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。ACold weather can be hard on pets， just like it can be hard on people Sometimes owners forget that their pets are just as u
14、sed to the warm shelter (住所) as they are Some owners will leave their animals outside for a long period of time， thinking that all animals are used to living outdoors This can put their pets in danger of serious illness There are things you can do to keep your animal warm and safeKeep your pets insi
15、de as much as you can when the weather is bad If you have to take them out， stay outside with them When youre cold enough to go inside， they probably are too If you must leave them outside for a long time， make sure they have a warm， solid shelter against the wind， thick bedding， and plenty of non-f
16、rozen waterIf left alone outside， dogs and cats can be very smart in their search for warm shelter They can dig into snow banks or hide somewhere Watch them closely when they are left outdoors， and provide them with shelter of good quality Keep an eye on your pets water Sometimes owners dont realize
17、 that a water bowl has frozen and their pet cant get anything to drink Animals that dont have clean and unfrozen water may drink dirty water outside， which may contain something unhealthy for them41What do we learn about pets from Paragraph 1?AThey are often forgotten by their ownersBThey are used t
18、o living outdoorsCThey build their own sheltersDThey like to stay in warm places42Why are pet owners asked to stay with their pets when they are out in cold weather?ATo know when to bring them insideBTo keep them from eating bad foodCTo help them find sheltersDTo keep them company43If pets are left
19、on their own outdoors in cold weather， they may Arun short of clean water Bdig deep holes for funCdirty the snow nearby Dget lost in the wild44What is the purpose of this text?ATo solve a problem BTo give practical adviceCTo tell an interesting story DTo present a research resultBYou may think that
20、sailing is a difficult sport， but it is really not hard to learn it You do not need to be strong But you need to be quick And you need to understand a few basic rules about the windFirst， you must ask yourself， Where is the wind coming from? Is it coming from ahead or behind or from the side? You mu
21、st think about this all the time on the boat The wind direction tells you what to do with the sailLets start with the wind blowing from behind This means the wind and the boat are going in the same direction Then you must always keep the sail outside the boat It should be at a 90 angle (角度) to the b
22、oat Then it will catch the wind bestIf the wind is blowing from the side， it is blowing across the boat In this case， you must keep the sail half way outside the boat It should be at a 45 angle to the boat It needs to be out far enough to catch the wind， but it shouldnt flap (摆动) It shouldnt look li
23、ke a flag on a flagpole If it is flapping， it is probably out too far， and the boat will slow downSailing into the wind is not possible If you try， the sail will flap and the boat will stop You may want to go in that direction It is possible， but you cant go in a straight line You must go first in o
24、ne direction and then in another This is called tacking When you are tacking， you must always keep the sail inside the boat45What should you consider first while sailing?ASailors strength BWave levels CWind directions DSize of sails46What does the word It underlined in Paragraph 4 refer to?AThe boat
25、 BThe wind CThe sail DThe angle47What do you have to do when sailing against the wind?AMove in a straight line BAllow the sail to flapCLower the sail DTack the boat48Where can you probably find the text?AIn a popular magazine BIn a tourist guidebookCIn a physics textbook DIn an official reportCFacia
26、l expressions carry meaning that is determined by situations and relationships For example， in American culture (文化) the smile is in general an expression of pleasure Yet it also has other uses A womans smile at a police officer does not carry the same meaning as the smile she gives to a young child
27、 A smile may show love or politeness It can also hide true feelings It often causes confusion (困惑) across cultures For example， many people in Russia consider smiling at strangers in public to be unusual and even improper Yet many Americans smile freely at strangers in public places (although this i
28、s less common in big cities) Some Russians believe that Americans smile in the wrong places； some Americans believe that Russians dont smile enough In Southeast Asian cultures， a smile is frequently used to cover painful feelings Vietnamese people may tell a sad story but end the story with a smileO
29、ur faces show emotions (情感)， but we should not attempt to read people from another culture as we would read someone from our own culture The fact that members of one culture do not express their emotions as openly as do members of another does not mean that they do not experience emotions Rather， th
30、ere are cultural differences in the amount of facial expressiveness permitted For example， in public and in formal situations many Japanese do not show their emotions as freely as Americans do When with friends， Japanese and Americans seem to show their emotions similarlyIt is difficult to generaliz
31、e about Americans and facial expressiveness because of personal and cultural differences in the United States People from certain cultural backgrounds in the United States seem to be more facially expressive than others The key is to try not to judge people whose ways of showing emotion are differen
32、t If we judge according to our own cultural habits， we may make the mistake of reading the other person incorrectly49What does the smile usually mean in the US?ALove BPoliteness CJoy DThankfulness50The author mentions the smile of the Vietnamese to prove that a smile can Ashow friendliness to strang
33、ers Bbe used to hide true feelingsCbe used in the wrong places Dshow personal habits51What should we do before attempting to read people?ALearn about their relations with othersBUnderstand their cultural backgroundsCFind out about their past experienceDFigure out what they will do next52What would b
34、e the best title for the test?ACultural Differences BSmiles and RelationshipsCFacial Expressiveness DHabits and EmotionsDADDIS ABABA， Ethiopia One of the worlds most famous fossils (化石) the 32 million-year-old Lucy skeleton (骨骼) unearthed in Ethiopia in 1974 will go on an exhibition tour abroad for
35、the first time in the United States， officials said TuesdayEven the Ethiopian public has only seen Lucy twice The Lucy on exhibition at the Ethiopian National Museum in the capital， Addis Ababa， is a replica while the real remains are usually locked in a secret storeroom A team from the Museum of Na
36、tional Science in Houston， Texas， spent four years discussing with the Ethiopians for the US tour， which will start in Houston next SeptemberEthiopias rich culture of both the past and today， is one of the best kept secrets in the world， said Joel Bartsch， director of the Houston museumThe six-year
37、tour will also go to Washington， New York， Denver and Chicago Officials said six other US cities may be on the tour But they said plans had not yet been worked outTraveling with Lucy will be 190 other fossilsLucy， her name taken from a Beatles song that played in a camp the night of her discovery， i
38、s part of the skeleton of what was once a 31/2 -foot-tall ape-man (猿人)53The author writes this text mainly to Aintroduce a few US museumsBdescribe some research workCdiscuss the value of an ape-manDreport a coming event54What do the words a replica in Paragraph 2 refer to?AA painting of the skeleton
39、 BA photograph of LucyCA copy of the skeleton DA written record of Lucy55How many cities has Lucys US tour plan already included?AFour BFive CSix DEleven56What was the skeleton named after?AAn ape-man BA song CA singer DA campEMake Up Your Mind to SucceedKind-hearted parents have unknowingly left th
40、eir children defenseless against failure The generation born between 1980 and 2001 grew up playing sports where scores and performance were played down because everyones a winner And their report cards sounded more positive (正面的) than ever before As a result， Stanford University professor Carol Dwec
41、k， PhD， calls them the overpraised generationDweck has been studying how people deal with failure for 40 years Her research has led her to find out two clearly different mind-sets that have a great effect on how we react to it Heres how they work：A fixed mind-set is grounded in the belief that talen
42、t (才能) is genetic youre a born artist， point guard， or numbers person The fixed mind-set believes its sure to succeed without much effort and regards failure as personal shame When things get difficult， its quick to blame， lie， and even stay away from future difficultiesOn the other hand， a growth m
43、ind-set believes that no talent is entirely heaven-sent and that effort and learning make everything possible Because the ego (自尊) isnt on the line as much， the growth mind-set sees failure as a chance rather than shame When faced with a difficulty， its quick to rethink， change and try again In fact， it enjoys this experienceWe are all born with growth mind-sets (Otherwise， we wouldnt be able to live in the world) But parents， teachers， and instructors often push us into fixed mind-sets by encouraging certain actions and misdirecting praise Dwecks book， Mind-set： Th