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1、Unit4Body languageGrammar学习目标:1.Learn about the usage of v-ing form as Attribute and Adverbial2.Learn how to use it3.Make sure you can put them into use重点：1.理解现在分词的意义、特点2.掌握现在分词的时间性、语法性难点：定语从句，状语从句简化为分词短语自主学习：一、现在分词概说1.意义：现在分词（Present Participle，又称-ing形式、现在进行式)，是分词的一种，它是非限定动词，即在句子里面不能单独充当谓语，但能充当其它的一
2、些成分（定语，表语，补语和状语）。因此它具备v/n/adj/adv的特征。2.特点：现在分词表示主动和进行。3.分词短语：v-ing形式可与其宾语或状语都成分词短语。二、现在分词作定语1.定语：修饰名词或代词2.定语从句：用一个句子来修饰名词或代词3.现在分词作定语：用现在分词来修饰名词或代词，分前置定语和后置定语4.现在分词短语作定语：用现在分词短语修饰名词或代词，在意义上相当于定语从句练一练：（找出v-ing,及所修饰的词）1. She recognized the Tonyssmilingface.2.He rushed into the burning house.3.The room
3、 facing south is our classroom.4.The factory making toys is run by neighborhood committee.三、现在分词作状语1.状语的功能：状语说明地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、条件、方向、程度、方式和伴随状况等。2.现在分词短语作状语：动词-ing形式作状语可以修饰谓语动词或整个句子，在意义上相当于状语从句练一练：【例句呈现】观察下列句子中动词ing形式作状语的用法，然后加以总结。1. Seeing (= When he saw ) a note on the ground, the stranger picked i
4、t up.v-ing形式作状语，相当于一个时间状语从句2.Being late (= As he was late ) , he could not be allowed to join in the activity.v-ing形式作状语，相当于一个原因状语从句3.Mr. Brown was killed in an accident, leaving (=and left) behind a wife and child.v-ing形式作状语，表示一种必然的结果,常置于句末，可扩展成一个含有并列谓语的简单句4.The stranger was walking through the vil
5、lage, looking ( = and looked) this way and that.v-ing形式作状语，其表示的动作伴随主句谓语动作同时发生5.Knowing ( = Although he knew ) all this , guard didnt let me enter the lecture hall.v-ing形式作状语，相当于一个让步状语从句6.Working (= If you work ) harder, you will make great progress.v-ing形式作状语，相当于一个条件状语从句互动探究：探究点一：分词的不同形式观察下列句子中动词ing
6、形式的用法1.Playingin the park, I met my friend Tom2.Having finishedthe letter, he went to post it.思考：1.Playing (doing)是现在分词的_式；Having finished (having done)是现在分词 的_式。2.现在分词Playing与 谓语动词met；现在分词Having finished与 谓语动词went是否在时间上存在先后顺序？总结：doing与having done之间的区别练一练;1.He got up late and hurried to his office,
7、_the breakfast untouched.A.left B.to leave C.leaving D.having left2._ to reach them on the phone, we sent an email instead.A. Fail B. Failed C. To fail D. Having failed探究点二：分词的语法性探究点三：如何把定语从句，状语从句简化为分词短语1.定语从句简化为分词短语观察下列句子，找出其中的规律The bookwhich belongs toMary is lost.= The bookbelonging toMary is los
8、t.Therere many peoplewho live inthat village. = Therere many peopleliving inthat village.The girlwho is writinga letter is Mary. = The girlwritinga letter is Mary.思考总结：所给三个例句中去掉了定语从句的，将动词改为_ 2.状语从句简化为分词短语观察下列句子，找出其中的规律If you turn to the right, youll find the school.=Turning to the right, youll find
9、the school.While I was walking along the street, I met Mary. =Walking along the street, I met Mary.After I had finished my work, I went home. =Having finished my work, I wenthome.1.分词短语是由状语从句变换而来的，用以表示时间、原因、条件、让步及附带情况。2.若状语从句于主句的主语相同时：1）去连词 2）去主语 3）动词变分词即：连词+主语+ V., 主语+ V. V.ing,主语+ V.e.g. e.g.As he
10、 was driven by hunger, he stole a cake. Being driven by hunger, he stole a cake.3.若状语从句与主句的主语不同时：1）去连词 2）前面的主语留下 3)动词分词e.g. Notes:1.分词短语=连词+主语+ V.e.g.Being tired, I stopped to take a rest.Because I was tired, I stopped toKnowing where I live, he never comes to see me.Although he knows where I live,A
11、s it were fine, I went fishing with my father.It being fine, I went fishing withe.g.Seen from the mountain, this city looks very beautiful at night.When it is seen from the mountain, this city2.分词短语意义不清时，往往保留连词。但表示原因的连词because, as等一定要省略。另外，表时间的连词放在句尾时常保留。e.g.If (I am) invited, Ill go to the party.When (I was) mailing a letter in the post office, I met Tom.Animals can do many amazing things when properly trainedNot knowing what to do, she began to cry.