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1、高一英语 初高中衔接导学案 班级： 姓名： 高一英语初高中衔接冠词导学案【学习目标】 1. 学生能通过本次学习掌握定冠词，不定冠词和零冠词的用法及固定搭配；2. 学生在平时的写作中正确运用冠词。【学习方法】演绎法【课前预习】一、冠词定义：冠词是虚词，本身不能单独使用，也没有词义，它用在名词前，帮助指明名词的含义。它不能离开名词而独立存在。分类:冠词分为定冠词（the），不定冠词（a, an）和零冠词三种。零冠词指的是不用冠词的情况，不定冠词表示泛指，定冠词表示特指。二、不定冠词（a,an）的用法不定冠词有a和an两种形式。a用在以辅音开头的词前，an用在以元音开头的词前。判断一个词是以元音开头
2、还是以辅音开头，是根据读音而不是根据字母。(1)不定冠词表泛指单数的某人或某物, 表示一个.。如：an elephant/eraser ; a girl/boy不定冠词a用在以辅音音素开头的单数可数名词前； 不定冠词an用在以元音音素开头的单数可数名词前。如：a useful book; a desk; an old man; an actor; an “m”。(2)第一次提到某人或某物而非特指时。如：There is a girl in the park, the girl is my sister.(3)表示人或事物的某一类。如：An elephant is bigger than a t
3、iger.(4)用于表时间、速度、价格等意义的名词之前，有“每一”的意思，相当于every。如：three times a day; once a year；(5)某些固定短语与不定冠词有搭配关系。如：have a good time; take a rest; a few; a little; half an hour等。 随堂测试：请用a/an填空： 1. a small town 2. an engineer 3. a Chinese restaurant 4.have a look 5. half an hour 6. pay a visit 7.such a nice teacher
4、三、定冠词（the）的用法 1）特指某(些)人或某(些)物. 例如: the photo of the boy2） 指双方都知道的人或物. Eg.-Where are the new books, Jim?- They are on the small table.3） 上文提到过的人或物. eg.Have you ever been to the city before? (你曾经去过那个城市吗？)4）指世界上独一无二的事物.例如：the sun(太阳) (重要考点)5）用在序数词和形容词最高级前面.例如：the hottest night(炎热的夜晚)6）用在表示方向、方位的名词前.例如：
5、the right(右边)7）用在江河湖海、山脉、群岛前或由普通名词构成的专有名词前。例如：the Himalayas(喜马拉雅山)， the Great Wall, the United states提示：例外的情况: Mount Tai 泰山China Daily 中国日报8）用在某些形容词前表示一类人. 例如：the wounded(伤员)9）用在表示乐器的名词前.例如：the piano(钢琴)提示：但是乐器名词表示具体的器物，或表示课程时，不加the.He bought a piano last month. 他上个月买了一架钢琴。She taught piano in the sc
6、hool. 她在学校里教钢琴。10）与单数名词连用表示一类事物.例如：The horse is a useful animal.(马是有用的动物)11）用在发明物之前.例如：the compass(指南针)12）用在逢十的复数数词前，表示年代.例如：in the 1990s(在20 世纪90 年代)2. 定冠词用于固定搭配中in the middle of 在中间 by the way顺便说一下in the way 挡道 at the same time 同时in the end 最后 in the distance 在远处on the whole 总的来说 on the other hand
7、 另一方面to tell the truth 说实话 on the spot 在现场the other day 前几天 at the moment 此刻，目前make the most/best of 充分利用 for the time being 暂时 take the place of 代替 to the point 中肯，切题随堂练习：请用适当的冠词填空1. _The_ earth goes around _the_ sun.2. Is this _the_ first time you have visited Qingdao?3. I fell at school today whi
8、le I was playing / volleyball4. I really want to learn to play the violin. But my parents ask me not to.5 I would advise you to do some exercise there at least twice a week.6. _The_ wounded were in danger because they were injured heavily.7. He was born in Beijing in the 1980s.8. Laura was the last
9、person we would have suspected(怀疑)9. China is the largest country in population, while Russia is the largest in / area.10.Do you know _the_ man standing at the gate of the door?11.The wheel is pulling to _the_ left.12. Let s go to the cinema, that will take your mind off problem for / a while.13. Th
10、e biggest whale is the blue whale.14.I went to _a_university in New Zealand. _The_ university was set up in the early twentieth century.15. This area experienced the heaviest rainfall in the month of May.四、零冠词的情况有些专有名词、抽象名词和物质名词前一般不用冠词。如：China; Japanese; milk; love等 在节日、星期、月份、季节等名词前。如：Teachers Day;
11、on Sunday; in May; in summer等。 一日三餐、球类活动、学科名词、语言前如：I have lunch at school.He often plays football after class.English is my favorite subject.名词前已有this, that, my, your, some, any, no, each, every等代词作定语时，不用冠词。 如：This is my ruler. Would you like some tea, sir? I get up at 7:00 every day.在表示家庭成员名称，称呼语，表
12、示头衔或职务的名词前不加冠词如：I dont feel well today, Mum.Dad, lets go to park.Mr.Li, may I help you?表示某一类人或事物的复数名词前 如：They are teachers. Students often begin their class at 8:00.(7)某些固定词组中不用冠词如：与by连用的交通工具名称前：by bus/ car/bike/ train/plane/shipgo相关短语：go home；go to bed；go to school；go shopping/swimming/boating/fish
13、ingat相关短语：at school/home; at noon/night有些中国传统乐器前不能加定冠词the。零冠词用于固定搭配中at present 目前 in peace 平静 on purpose 故意ahead of time 提前 by law 根据法律 take part in 参加by chance/ accident 碰巧 on second thoughts 再一想in advance 提前 by mistake 由于差错随堂测试：请用适当的冠词填空1. 在冬天_in winter_2. 吃晚餐_have dinner_3. 在九月_in September_ 4. 打
14、羽毛球_play _badminton_5. 在星期六_on Saturday_6. Are you going there by _/_plane or by_/_ ship?7. Dr Peter Spence, _/_headmaster of the school, told us, A fifth of pupils here go on to study at Oxford or Cambridge.8. _/_Maths is too difficult for me.9. He is fond of playing_/_ chess.10.He feel depressed b
15、ecause he is out of _/_work.二、用适当的冠词填空，不用冠词的请填/。1.Mr. Wang is_an_ English teacher and his wife is _a_ Chinese teacher.2.There is _an_ apple on the table. It is_a_ red apple.3.This is _/_ empty too. Nobody is here.4.Judy is _a_ naughty boy and Lily is_an_ honest girl.5.It takes me _an_ hour to finish
16、 my homework. 6. Tom is _an_ honest boy.7.The dictionary is _a_ useful tool.8. The girl wants to be _an_ actress. 9.His favourite hobby is playing _the_ piano.10.He enjoys playing _/_ chess.11.There is _a_ woman over there _The_woman is Meimeis mother 12. _The_Changjiang River is _the_ longest river
17、 in _/_ China 13.Washington is _the_ capital of _the_ USA 14.I think _/_ maths is more important than any other subject 15.What does this _/_ word mean？16. What _a_useful book! And _the_ book is popular with students.17. As we all know, _the_sun is much bigger than _the_earth.18. We visited _the_Sum
18、mer Palace last summer.19.We usually have a trip in_/_ spring. But in _the_spring of 2012, we didnt.20.Everybody wears_the_ same style of clothes.21.As_a_result, people will eat more food to try to make up for that something missing.22.When we got a call saying she was short-listed, we thought it wa
19、s_a_joke.23. He is living in_/_Canada now.24.John likes playing _/_football, but he doesnt like playing _the_piano.25.My family used to live in the city of Shanghai but now have moved to_the_countryside.二、用适当的冠词填空。Dear Lucy，How are you? It has been1._a_ month since my family left Hong Kong for Engla
20、nd.England is very different from Hong Kong.2._The_ weather is terrible and it rains 3._a_ lot.4._An_ umbrella is useful here.The buildings are funny.They are in rows and not high.I love them because the rooms are much larger.Im having 5._a_ wonderful time at my new school and my new home!Mom and Da
21、d are happy with their new jobs.But my brother Jack doesnt like moving to England because he misses his friends so much.Ive made lots of new friends at school.My teachers are really nice and my English has improved greatly.After school，we can take part in many activities，such as doing sports，watching movies and playing computer games.Theres 6._a_ park near my school. I often go there with other students on 7._the_ weekend.We are traveling back to Hong Kong for 8._/_ summer holiday.I will visit you and bring you 9._an_ unusual present!Love， Sandy6学科网（北京）股份有限公司