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1、高一英语初高中衔接冠词导学案【学习目标】1.学生能通过本次学习掌握定冠词，不定冠词和零冠词的用法及 固定搭配；2.学生在平时的写作中正确运用冠词。【学习方法】演绎法【课前预习】一、冠词定义：冠词是虚词，本身不能单独使用，也没有词义，它用在名词前，帮助 指明名词的含义。它不能离开名词而独立存在。分类:冠词分为定冠词(the),不定冠词(a, an)和零冠词三种。零冠词指的 是不用冠词的情况，不定冠词表示泛指，定冠词表示特指。二、不定冠词(a,an)的用法不定冠词有“a和an”两种形式。“a”用在以辅音开头的词前，“an”用在以元音开 头的词前。判断一个词是以元音开头还是以辅音开头，是根据读音而不
2、是根 据字母。(1)不定冠词表泛指单数的某人或某物，表示一个如：an elephant/eraser ; a girl/boy不定冠词a用在以辅音音素开头的单数可数名词前；不定冠词an用在以元音音素开头的单数可数名词前。如：a useful book; a desk; an old man; an actor; an m。(2)第一次提到某人或某物而非特指时。如： There is a girl in the park, the girl is my sister.(3)表示人或事物的某一类。如： An elephant is bigger than a tiger.(4)用于表时间、速度、价
3、格等意义的名词之前，有“每一”的意思，相当于everyo 如：three times a day; once a year；(5)某些固定短语与不定冠词有搭配关系。如：have a good time; take a rest; a few; a little; half an hour 等。随堂测试：请用a/an填空：1 .asmall town2 .an engineer3 .a Chinese restaurant4 .have a look5 . half an hour6 . pay a visit7.such a nice teacher三、定冠词（the）的用法1）特指某（些）人
4、或某（些）物.例如：the photo of the boy2）指双方都知道的人或物.Eg.-Where are the new books, Jim?-They are on the small table.3）上文提到过的人或物.eg.Have you ever been to the city before?（你曾经去过那个城市吗？）4）指世界上独一无二的事物.例如：the sun（太阳）（重要考点）5）用在序数词和形容词最高级前面.例如：the hottest night（炎热的夜晚）6）用在表示方向、方位的名词前.例如：the right（右边）7）用在江河湖海、山脉、群岛前或由普通
5、名词构成的专有名词前。例如：the Himalayas（喜马拉雅山），the Great Wall, the United states提示：例外的情况：Mount Tai泰山ChinaDaily中国日报8）用在某些形容词前表示一类人.例如：the wounded（伤员）9）用在表示乐器的名词前.例如：the piano（钢琴）提示：但是乐器名词表示具体的器物，或表示课程时，不加the.He bought a piano last month.他上个月买了一架钢琴。She taught piano in the school.她在学校里教钢琴。10）与单数名词连用表示一类事物.例如：The h
6、orse is a useful animal.（马是有用的动物）11）用在发明物之前.例如：the compass（指南针）12）用在逢十的复数数词前，表示年代.例如：in the 1990飞（在20世纪90年 代）2.定冠词用于固定搭配中in the middle of 在中间in the way 挡道in the end 最后on the whole总的来说to tell the truth 说实话the other day 前几天make the most/best of 充分利用 take the place of 代替随堂练习：请用适当的冠词填空1. Theby the way顺便
7、说一下 at the same time 同时 in the distance 在远处 on the other hand 另一方面 on the spot在现场 at the moment止匕亥U, 目前 for the time being 暂时 to the point中肯，切题the sun.2. Is this theearth goes aroundfirst time you have visited Qingdao?3.1 fell at school today while I was playing4.1 really want to learn to playthevol
8、leyballviolin. But my parents ask me notto.5. I would advise you to do some exercise there at least twice aweek.6. Thewounded were in danger because they were injured heavily.7. He was born in Beijing in the1980s.8. Laura was the last person we would have suspected（怀疑）9. China is the largest country
9、 in population, while Russia is the largest in / area.10. Do you know the man standing at the gate of the door?11. .The wheel is pulling to the left.12. Let s go to the cinema, that will take your mind off problem for / a while.13. The biggest whale is the blue whale.14.1 went to a university in New
10、 Zealand.The university was setup in the early twentieth century.15. This area experienced the heaviest rainfall in the month of May.四、零冠词的情况有些专有名词、抽象名词和物质名词前一般不用冠词。如： China; Japanese; milk; love 等在节日、星期、月份、季节等名词前。如： Teachers Day; on Sunday; in May; in summer 等。 一日三餐、球类活动、学科名词、语言前 如：I have lunch at
11、school.He often plays football after class.English is my favorite subject.名词前已有 this, that, my, your, some, any, no, each, every 等代词作定语时，不 用冠词。如：This is my ruler.Would you like some tea, sir?I get up at 7:00 every day.在表示家庭成员名称，称呼语，表示头衔或职务的名词前不加冠词 如：I dont feel well today, Mum.Dad, lets go to park.M
12、r.Li, may I help you?表示某一类人或事物的复数名词前如：They are teachers.Students often begin their class at 8:00.某些固定词组中不用冠词如：与by连用的交通工具名称前：by bus/ car/bike/ train/plane/shipgo 相关短语：go home； go to bed； go to school；go shopping/swimming/boating/fishingat 相关短语：at school/home; at noon/night有些中国传统乐器前不能加定冠词the。零冠词用于固定搭配
13、中at present 目 前ahead of time 提前in peace 平静by law根据法律on purpose 故意 take part in 参力口by chance/ accident 碰巧on second thoughts 再一想in advance 提前by mistake由于差错随堂测试:请用适当的冠词填空1. 在冬天 in winter2. 吃晚餐 have dinner3. 在九月 in September4. 打羽毛球 play _badminton5. 在星期六 on Saturday6. Are you going there by _/plane or b
14、y_/ship?7. Dr Peter Spence, /headmaster of the school, told us, “A fifth of pupils here go on to study at Oxford or Cambridge.8. /_Maths is too difficult for me.9. He is fond of playing/chess.lO.He feel depressed because he is out of/work.二、用适当的冠词填空，不用冠词的请填/。1 .Mr. Wang isan English teacher and his
15、wife is a Chinese teacher.2 .There is _an_ apple on the table. It is_a red apple.3 .This is /_ empty too. Nobody is here.4 .Judy is a_ naughty boy and Lily is an honest girl.1.1 t takes me an_ hour to finish my homework.6 . Tom is an honest boy.7 .The dictionary is a useful tool.8 . The girl wants t
16、o be an actress.9 .His favourite hobby is playing the piano.10 .He enjoys playing/chess.11 .There is _a woman over there.Thewoman is Meimeismother.12 ._The Changjiang River is the_ longest river in/ China.13 .Washington isthe capital of the USA.1.1 1 think/ maths is more important than any other sub
17、ject.15 .What does this/word mean?16 . What _a_useful book! And _the_ book is popular with students.17 . As we all know, _thesun is much bigger than the_earth.18 . We visited the_Summer Palace last summer.19 .We usually have a trip in/_ spring. But in _the_spring of 2012, we didnt.20 .Everybody wear
18、s the same style of clothes.21 .As a result, people will eat more food to try to make up for that somethingmissing.22 .When we got a call saying she was short-listed, we thought it was a joke.23 . He is living in / Canada now.24 .John likes playing _/_fbotball9 but he doesnt like playing thepiano.25
19、 .My family used to live in the city of Shanghai but now have moved to the countryside.二、用适当的冠词填空。Dear Lucy,How are you? It has been 1.amonth since my family left Hong Kong for England.England is very different from Hong Kong.2.The_ weather is terrible and it rains 3.a_ lot.4.An_ umbrella is useful
20、here.The buildings are funny.They are in rows and not high.I love them because the rooms are much larger.Pm having 5._a wonderful time at my new school and my new home!Mom and Dad are happy with their new jobs.But my brother Jack doesnt like moving to England because he misses his friends so much.Fv
21、e made lots of new friends at school.My teachers are really nice and my English has improved greatly.After school, we can take part in many activities, such as doing sports, watching movies and playing computer games.There!s 6.a park near my school. I often go there with other students on 7.theweekend.We are traveling back to Hong Kong for 8./summer holiday.I will visit you and bring you 9.an unusual present!SandyLove,