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1、学习必备 欢迎下载 英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解 一、主语（subject）:句子说明的人或事物。The sun rises in the east.（名词做主语）He likes dancing.（代词做主语）Twenty years is a short time in history.(数词做主语)Seeing is believing.（动名词做主语）To see is to believe.（不定式做主语）What he needs is a book.（主语从句做主语）It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall lik
2、e a tree.（It 形式主语，主语从句是真正主语）二、谓语（predicate）:说明主语的动作、状态和特征。谓语(predicate)或谓语动词(predicate verb)的位置一般在主语之后。谓语由简单动词或动词短语（助动词或情态动词主要动词）构成。1由简单的动词构成。(1).What happened?发生了什么事？(2).He worked hard all day today.他今天苦干了一天。(3).The plane took off at ten oclock.飞机是十点起飞的。2由动词短语构成的谓语。(1).I am reading.我在看书。(2).What s
3、been keeping you all this time?这半天你在干什么来着？(3).You can do it if you try hard.你努力就可以做到。三、表语（predicative）:系动词之后的成分，表示主语的性质、状态和特征。He is a teacher.（名词做表语）Seventy-four!You dont look it.（代词做表语）Five and five is ten.（数词做表语）He is asleep.（形容词做表语）His father is in.（副词做表语）The picture is on the wall.(介词短语做表语)My wa
4、tch is gone/missing/lost.（形容词化的分词做表语）To see is to believe.（不定式做表语）The question is whether they will come.（表语从句做表语）（常见的系动词有:be,sound（听起来）,look（看起来）,feel(摸起来，smell（闻起来）,taste（尝、吃起来）,remain（保持，仍是）,feel（感觉）.It sounds a good idea.The sound sounds strange.Her voice sounds sweet.Tom looks thin.The food sme
5、lls delicious.The food tastes good.The door remains open.Now I feel tired.四、宾语：1）动作的承受者-动宾 I like China.（名词作宾语）He hates you.（代词）How many do you need?We need two.（数词）We should help the old and the poor.(名词化形容词)I enjoy working with you.（动名词）学习必备 欢迎下载 I hope to see you again.（不定式）Did you write down wha
6、t he said?（宾语从句）2）介词后的名词、代词和动名词-介宾 Are you afraid of the snake?Under the snow,there are many rocks.3）双宾语-间宾（指人）和直宾（指物）He gave me a book yesterday.Give the poor man some money.五、定语：修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或句子。Mary is a chemistry teacher.（名词作定语）He is our friend.（代词作定语）We belong to the third world.（数词作定语）He was
7、 advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson.（形容词作定语）The man over there is my old friend.(副词作定语)The woman with a baby in her arms is my sister.(介词短语作定语)The boys playing football are in Class 2.（现在分词短语作定语）The trees planted last year are growing well now.（过去分词作定语）I have an idea to do it well.（不定式作定语）You sh
8、ould do everything that I do.（定语从句作定语）六、状语：用来修饰 v.,adj.,adv.,or 句子。表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、程度、条件、方式和让步。I will go there tomorrow.（时间状语）The meeting will be held in the meeting room.（地点状语）The meat went bad because of the hot weather.（原因状语）He studies hard to learn English well.（目的状语）He didnt study hard so he f
9、ailed in the exam.（结果状语）七、补语 1）主补：对主语的补充。He was elected monitor.She was found singing in the next room.He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson.2）宾补：对宾语的补充，全称为宾语补足语。We elected him monitor.（名词作宾补）We will make them happy.（形容词作宾补）We found nobody in.(副词作宾补)Please make yourself at home.（介词短语作宾补）Dont
10、 let him do that.（省 to 不定式名词作宾补）His father advised him to teach the lazy boy a lesson.（带 to 不定式名词作宾补）Dont keep the lights burning.（现在分词名词作宾补）Ill have my bike repaired.（过去分词名词作宾补）八、同位语 同位语是一种名词修饰语，单词、短语和从句都可用作同位语，最简单而又常见的同位语是位于所修饰的先行词之后，用来说明身份、职务、称号等的名词或名词短语。1名词及其短语（有时有逗号隔开）George Bush，the present Am
11、erican president，was the governor of the state of Texas 2动名词短语（有逗号隔开）语动名词做主语不定式做主语主语从句做主语形式主语主语从句是真正主语二谓语说明主语的动作状态和特征谓语或谓语动词的位置一般在主语之后谓语由简单动词或动词短语助动词或情态动词主要动词构成由简单的动词构成发生以做到三表语系动词之后的成分表示主语的性质状态和特征名词做表语代词做表语数词做表语形容词做表语副词做表语介词短语做表语形容词化的分词做表语不定式做表语表语从句做表语常见的系动词有听起来看起来摸起来闻起来式宾语从句介词后的名词代词和动名词介宾双宾语间宾指人和直宾
12、指物五定语修饰或限制名词或代词的词词组或句子名词作定语代词作定语数词作定语形容词作定语副词作定语介词短语作定语现在分词短语作定语过去分词作定语不学习必备 欢迎下载 He enjoys the exercise，swimming in winter 3不定式短语（有时有逗号隔开）AHis ambition to become an engineer deserves our assistance 4形容词及其短语（有逗号隔开）He，short and thin，is unfit for the job All the countries，big or small，are equal 5 名词性从
13、句（其前面的先行词一般都带有定冠词 the）。这样的先行词有 fact，news，truth，knowledge，idea，hope，question，problem，assumption 等。例如：AYou have yet to answer my question whether you can lend me your bike BThey had to face the fact that the nearest filling station is 30 kilometers away 语动名词做主语不定式做主语主语从句做主语形式主语主语从句是真正主语二谓语说明主语的动作状态和特征谓语或谓语动词的位置一般在主语之后谓语由简单动词或动词短语助动词或情态动词主要动词构成由简单的动词构成发生以做到三表语系动词之后的成分表示主语的性质状态和特征名词做表语代词做表语数词做表语形容词做表语副词做表语介词短语做表语形容词化的分词做表语不定式做表语表语从句做表语常见的系动词有听起来看起来摸起来闻起来式宾语从句介词后的名词代词和动名词介宾双宾语间宾指人和直宾指物五定语修饰或限制名词或代词的词词组或句子名词作定语代词作定语数词作定语形容词作定语副词作定语介词短语作定语现在分词短语作定语过去分词作定语不