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1、学习必备 欢迎下载 一、英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解：（一）句子成分 1.主语（subject）:句子说明的人或事物。主语可以由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、分词、主语从句和短语等来担任。The sun rises in the east.（名词）He likes dancing.（代词）Twenty years is a short time in history.(数词)Seeing is believing.（动名词）To see is to believe.（不定式）What he needs is a book.（主语从句）It is very clear that the e
2、lephant is round and tall like a tree.（It 形式主语，主语从句是真正主语）2.谓语（predicate）:说明主语的动作、状态和特征。We study English.He is asleep.3.表语（predicative）:系动词之后的成分，表示主语的性质、状态和特征。He is a teacher.（名词）Seventy-four!You dont look it.（代词）Five and five is ten.（数词）He is asleep.（形容词）His father is in.（副词）The picture is on the wa
3、ll.(介词短语)My watch is gone/missing/lost.（形容词化的分词）To wear a flower is to say“Im poor,I cant buy a ring.（不定式）The question is whether they will come.（表语从句）（常见的系动词有:be,sound（听起来）,look（看起来）,feel(摸起来，smell（闻起来）,taste（尝、吃起来）,remain（保持，仍是）,feel（感觉）.It sounds a good idea.The sound sounds strange.Her voice sou
4、nds sweet.Tom looks thin.The food smells delicious.The food tastes good.学习必备 欢迎下载 The door remains open.Now I feel tired.4.宾语：1）动作的承受者-动宾 I like China.（名词）He hates you.（代词）How many do you need?We need two.（数词）We should help the old and the poor.I enjoy working with you.（动名词）I hope to see you again.（
5、不定式）Did you write down what he said?（宾语从句）2）介词后的名词、代词和动名词-介宾 Are you afraid of the snake?Under the snow,there are many rocks.3）双宾语-间宾（指人）和直宾（指物）He gave me a book yesterday.Give the poor man some money.5.宾补：对宾语的补充，全称为宾语补足语。We elected him monitor.（名词）We all think it a pity that she didnt come here.（名）
6、We will make them happy.（形容词）We found nobody in.(副词)Please make yourself at home.介词短语）Dont let him do that.（省to 不定式）His father advised him to teach the lazy boy a lesson.（带 to 不定式）Dont keep the lights burning.（现在分词）Ill have my bike repaired.（过去分词）6.主补：对主语的补充，全称为主语补足语。He was elected monitor.She was f
7、ound singing in the next room.He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson.7.定语：修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或句子。Ai Yanling is a chemistry teacher.（名词）He is our friend.（代词）We belong to the third world.（数词）He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson.（形容词）数词不定式动名词分词主语从句和短语等来担任名词代词数词动名词不定式主语从句形式主语主语从句是真正主语谓语说明主语的
8、动作状态和特征表语系动词之后的成分表示主语的性质状态和特征名词代词数词形容词副词介词短语下载宾语动作的承受者动宾名词代词数词动名词不定式宾语从句介词后的名词代词和动名词介宾双宾语间宾指人和直宾指物宾补对宾语的补充全称为宾语补足语名词名形容词副词介词短语省不定式带不定式现在分词过去分词主补对副词介词现在分词过去分词不定式定语从句状语用来修饰或句子表示时间地点原因结果程度条件方式和让步以下例句按上述顺序排列二句子结构简单句的五个基本句型主语不及物动词主语及物动词宾语主语系动词表语主语双宾动词学习必备 欢迎下载 The man over there is my old friend.(副词)The
9、woman with a baby in her arms is my sister.(介词)The boys playing football are in Class 2.（现在分词）The trees planted last year are growing well now.（过去分词）I have an idea to do it well.（不定式）You should do everything that I do.（定语从句）8.状语：用来修饰v.,adj.,adv.,或句子。表示时间、地点、原因、结果、程度、条件、方式和让步。（以下例句按上述顺序排列）I will go t
10、here tomorrow.The meeting will be held in the meeting-room.The meat went bad because of the hot weather.He studies hard to learn English well.He didnt study hard so that he failed in the exam.I like some of you very much.If you study hard,you will pass the exam.He goes to school by bike.Though he is
11、 young,he can do it well.（二）句子结构 简单句的五个基本句型 1.主语 不及物动词 She came/My head aches.2.主语 及物动词宾语 She likes English.3.主语 系动词 表语 She is happy 4.主语 双宾动词间接宾语 直接宾语 She gave John a book.5.主语 宾补动词 宾语 宾语补语 She makes her mother angry The teacher asked me to read the passage.数词不定式动名词分词主语从句和短语等来担任名词代词数词动名词不定式主语从句形式主语
12、主语从句是真正主语谓语说明主语的动作状态和特征表语系动词之后的成分表示主语的性质状态和特征名词代词数词形容词副词介词短语下载宾语动作的承受者动宾名词代词数词动名词不定式宾语从句介词后的名词代词和动名词介宾双宾语间宾指人和直宾指物宾补对宾语的补充全称为宾语补足语名词名形容词副词介词短语省不定式带不定式现在分词过去分词主补对副词介词现在分词过去分词不定式定语从句状语用来修饰或句子表示时间地点原因结果程度条件方式和让步以下例句按上述顺序排列二句子结构简单句的五个基本句型主语不及物动词主语及物动词宾语主语系动词表语主语双宾动词学习必备 欢迎下载 There+be 句型 There are some b
13、ooks on the desk.There lies a book on the desk.Exercises：分析下列句子成分 1.Our school is not far from my home.2.It is a great pleasure to talk with you 3.All of us considered him honest.4.My grandfather bought me a pair of sports shoes.5.He broke a piece of glass.6.He made it clear that he would leave the
14、city 翻译练习：主谓结构 （主语 不及物动词）1、You should study hard.2、She went home very late yesterday evening.练习：1、This box weighs five kilos.这个盒子重五公斤。2、I lived in Beijing five years ago.五年前我住在北京。主谓宾结构（主语 及物动词 宾语 ）1、I wrote a letter last night.2、I want to talk with you this afternoon.练习：1、All of us believe that Jack
15、 is an honest boy.我们大家都相信 Jack 是一个诚实男孩。2、He did not know what to say.他不知道说什麽好。主系表结构（主语 系动词表语）数词不定式动名词分词主语从句和短语等来担任名词代词数词动名词不定式主语从句形式主语主语从句是真正主语谓语说明主语的动作状态和特征表语系动词之后的成分表示主语的性质状态和特征名词代词数词形容词副词介词短语下载宾语动作的承受者动宾名词代词数词动名词不定式宾语从句介词后的名词代词和动名词介宾双宾语间宾指人和直宾指物宾补对宾语的补充全称为宾语补足语名词名形容词副词介词短语省不定式带不定式现在分词过去分词主补对副词介词现
16、在分词过去分词不定式定语从句状语用来修饰或句子表示时间地点原因结果程度条件方式和让步以下例句按上述顺序排列二句子结构简单句的五个基本句型主语不及物动词主语及物动词宾语主语系动词表语主语双宾动词学习必备 欢迎下载 1.My brothers are all college students.2In winter,the days are short and the nights are long.2.Mrs Brown looks very healthy.4At the age of fifteen he became a famous pianist.练习：1、树叶已经变黄了。The lea
17、ves have turned yellow.2、这个报告听起来很有意思。The report sounds interesting.双宾语结构（主语双宾动词间接宾语直接宾语）1.Mr Johnson taught us German last year.2.Grandma told me an interesting story last night.练习：1、请你给我弄一本新的，好吗？Will you please get me a new copy?2、我替你叫辆出租汽车好吗？Shall I call you a taxi?复合宾语结构（主语 动词 宾语 宾语补足语）1.We call
18、her Alice.2.His parents named him John.练习：1、学校定了一条规则，开始上课时学生要起立。The school made it a rule that the students should stand up when class begins.2、我认为与那个人谈话是无益的。I thought it no use talking with that man There be 句型 1.There isnt going to be a meeting tonight.2.There was only a well in the village.练习：数词不
19、定式动名词分词主语从句和短语等来担任名词代词数词动名词不定式主语从句形式主语主语从句是真正主语谓语说明主语的动作状态和特征表语系动词之后的成分表示主语的性质状态和特征名词代词数词形容词副词介词短语下载宾语动作的承受者动宾名词代词数词动名词不定式宾语从句介词后的名词代词和动名词介宾双宾语间宾指人和直宾指物宾补对宾语的补充全称为宾语补足语名词名形容词副词介词短语省不定式带不定式现在分词过去分词主补对副词介词现在分词过去分词不定式定语从句状语用来修饰或句子表示时间地点原因结果程度条件方式和让步以下例句按上述顺序排列二句子结构简单句的五个基本句型主语不及物动词主语及物动词宾语主语系动词表语主语双宾动词
20、学习必备 欢迎下载 1、铃响了。2、一周有七天。二、英语句子种类讲解：按照句子的用途，英语句子可分为陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句。按照句子的结构，英语句子可分为简单句、并列句和复合句。中考对句子的考查主要集中在以下几个方面：1.陈述句的构成形式及基本用法；2.祈使句的构成形式及基本用法；3.一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句、反意疑问句的构成形式及基本用法；4.由 what,how引导的感叹句的构成形式、用法及区别 对于各种从句的用法我们在后面分别论述。(一.)陈述句的构成形式及基本用法 1.陈述句：陈述句是用来陈述一个事实或表达说话人看法（包括肯定和否定）的句子。通常用降调，句末用句号“.
21、”。Tom has a new car.The flower isnt beautiful.2.陈述句否定式的构成 (1)如果肯定陈述句的谓语部分含有助动词、情态动词或连系动词 be，则只需在这些动词后加 not 即可构成否定式。He is playing the guitar.（肯定）He is not playing the guitar.（否定）We can get there before dark.（肯定）We cant get thee before dark.（否定）(2)如果陈述句的谓语动词是实义动词，而其中又没有情态动词或助动词时，则需根据人称和时态在该实义动词前加 dont
22、,doesnt或 didnt。同时把该实义动词变为原形。数词不定式动名词分词主语从句和短语等来担任名词代词数词动名词不定式主语从句形式主语主语从句是真正主语谓语说明主语的动作状态和特征表语系动词之后的成分表示主语的性质状态和特征名词代词数词形容词副词介词短语下载宾语动作的承受者动宾名词代词数词动名词不定式宾语从句介词后的名词代词和动名词介宾双宾语间宾指人和直宾指物宾补对宾语的补充全称为宾语补足语名词名形容词副词介词短语省不定式带不定式现在分词过去分词主补对副词介词现在分词过去分词不定式定语从句状语用来修饰或句子表示时间地点原因结果程度条件方式和让步以下例句按上述顺序排列二句子结构简单句的五个基
23、本句型主语不及物动词主语及物动词宾语主语系动词表语主语双宾动词学习必备 欢迎下载 He plays the violin well.（肯定）He doesnt play the violin well.（否定）She won the game.（肯定）She didnt win the game.（否定）(3)如果句子是 there be 结构或谓语动词是 have（有），除了 be 和 have 之后加 not 之外，句中如果有 some要变为 any。例如：There is some water in the cup.There is not any water in the cup.He
24、 has some books.He has not any books.(4)除 not 以外，否定词 no,never,nothing,nobody,few等也可构成否定句。例如：There is something wrong with his bike.There is nothing wrong with his bike.I have seen the film.I have never seen the film.(二.)祈使句的构成形式及基本用法 祈使句是用来表示命令、请求、建议、号召等的句子，谓语动词用原形，句末用感叹号“！”或句号“.”。朗读时一般用降调。1.肯定的祈使句：
25、（1）祈使句主语是 you 时，you 常省略，但如果要特别强调对方或表达某种强烈的情绪时可以有主语或称呼语。Be quiet.You be quiet!（2）“Do+祈使句”表示一种强烈的感情或请求，do 起强调作用。Do come back at once!Do be careful.（3）please 用在祈使句中可以表示一种客气的语气，但 please 用在句末时，必须用逗号与其余部分分开。Open the window,please.（4）Let 引导祈使句时，后面需跟上人称代词或称呼语，人称代词一般只用第一、第三人称。数词不定式动名词分词主语从句和短语等来担任名词代词数词动名词不定
26、式主语从句形式主语主语从句是真正主语谓语说明主语的动作状态和特征表语系动词之后的成分表示主语的性质状态和特征名词代词数词形容词副词介词短语下载宾语动作的承受者动宾名词代词数词动名词不定式宾语从句介词后的名词代词和动名词介宾双宾语间宾指人和直宾指物宾补对宾语的补充全称为宾语补足语名词名形容词副词介词短语省不定式带不定式现在分词过去分词主补对副词介词现在分词过去分词不定式定语从句状语用来修饰或句子表示时间地点原因结果程度条件方式和让步以下例句按上述顺序排列二句子结构简单句的五个基本句型主语不及物动词主语及物动词宾语主语系动词表语主语双宾动词学习必备 欢迎下载 Let Jack wait a min
27、ute.Lets go to school.（5）在祈使句中，Lets 和 Let us是有区别的。Lets 包括说话者，而 Let us不包括听话者在内。这点从反意疑问句时可明显看出。Lets go skating,shall we?（表示内部的建议）Let us try again,will you?（表示向别人发出请求）2.否定祈使句通常以 Dont 或 Never 开头。其结构通常是：“Dont(Never)+动词原形+其他成分”例如：Dont do that again!Never leave todays work for tomorrow!Dont be late next ti
28、me!(三.)一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句、反意疑问句的构成形式及基本用法 1.一般疑问句：（1）一般疑问句的肯定形式 一般疑问句一般是指以助动词、情态动词、be 动词或 have（有）开始，通常要求以 yes，或 no来回答的疑问句，一般疑问句读时通常用升调。Do you know Mr.Smith?Can you swim?（2）一般疑问句的否定结构 在一般疑问句的否定结构中，把副词 not 放在一般疑问句的主语之后。但如果用 not 的简略形式-nt，则须将-nt 与一般疑问句句首的 be,have，助动词或情态动词写在一起。在实际运用中，一般都采用简略式。Are you not
29、a football fan?Arent you a football fan?Will she not like it?Wont she like it?数词不定式动名词分词主语从句和短语等来担任名词代词数词动名词不定式主语从句形式主语主语从句是真正主语谓语说明主语的动作状态和特征表语系动词之后的成分表示主语的性质状态和特征名词代词数词形容词副词介词短语下载宾语动作的承受者动宾名词代词数词动名词不定式宾语从句介词后的名词代词和动名词介宾双宾语间宾指人和直宾指物宾补对宾语的补充全称为宾语补足语名词名形容词副词介词短语省不定式带不定式现在分词过去分词主补对副词介词现在分词过去分词不定式定语从句状
30、语用来修饰或句子表示时间地点原因结果程度条件方式和让步以下例句按上述顺序排列二句子结构简单句的五个基本句型主语不及物动词主语及物动词宾语主语系动词表语主语双宾动词学习必备 欢迎下载 与汉语不同的是，英语一般疑问句否定结构的答语是否定还是肯定，全由答语的否定或肯定来决定。若答语是肯定的，则用 yes 加肯定结构；若答语是否定的，则用 no 加否定结构。Arent you a football fan?你不是足球迷吗？Yes,I am.No,I am not.Wont she like it?Yes,she will.No,she wont.数词不定式动名词分词主语从句和短语等来担任名词代词数词动名词不定式主语从句形式主语主语从句是真正主语谓语说明主语的动作状态和特征表语系动词之后的成分表示主语的性质状态和特征名词代词数词形容词副词介词短语下载宾语动作的承受者动宾名词代词数词动名词不定式宾语从句介词后的名词代词和动名词介宾双宾语间宾指人和直宾指物宾补对宾语的补充全称为宾语补足语名词名形容词副词介词短语省不定式带不定式现在分词过去分词主补对副词介词现在分词过去分词不定式定语从句状语用来修饰或句子表示时间地点原因结果程度条件方式和让步以下例句按上述顺序排列二句子结构简单句的五个基本句型主语不及物动词主语及物动词宾语主语系动词表语主语双宾动词