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1、绝密启用前2023年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（一）（科目代码201）考生注意事项1. 答题前，考生必须在试题册指定位置上填写考生姓名和考生编号； 在答题卡指定位置上填写报考单位、考生姓名和考生编号，并涂写 考生编号信息点。2. 考生须把试题册上的试卷条形码粘贴条取下，粘贴在答题卡“试卷 条形码粘贴位置”框中。不按规定粘贴条形码而影响评卷结果的，责 任由考生自负。3. 选择题的答案必须涂写在答题卡相应题号的选项上，非选择题的答 案必须书写在答题卡指定位置的边框区域内。超出答题区域书写的答 案无效；在草稿纸、试题册上答题无效。4. 填（书）写部分必须使用黑色字迹签字笔或者钢笔书写，字迹工整、
2、 笔迹清楚；涂写部分必须使用2B铅笔填涂。5. 考试结束后，将答题卡和试题册按规定一并交回，不可带出考场。考生姓名：考生编号：Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C, or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Caravanserais were roadside inns that were built along the Silk Road in a
3、reas including China, North Africa and the Middle East. They were typically _1_ outside the walls of a city or village and were usually funded by governments of _2_.This word “Caravanserais” is a _3_ of the Persian word “karvan”，which means a group of travellers or a caravan, and seray, a palace or
4、enclosed building. The Perm caravan was used to _4_ groups of people who travelled together across the ancient network for safety reasons, _5_ merchants, travellers or pilgrims.From the 10th century onwards, as merchant and travel routes become more developed, the _6_ of the Caravanserais increased
5、and they served as a safe place for people to rest at night. Travellers on the Silk Road _7_ possibility of being attacked by thieves or being _8_ to extreme conditions. For this reason, Caravanserais were strategically placed _9_ they could be reached in a days travel time.Caravanserais served as a
6、n informal _10_ point for the various people who travelled the Silk Road. _11_, those structures became important centers for culture _12_ and interaction, with travelers sharing their cultures, ideas and beliefs, _13_ talking knowledge with them, greatly _14_ the development of several civilization
7、s.Caravanserais were also an important marketplace for commodities and _15_ in the trade of goods along the Silk Road. _16_, it was frequently the first stop merchants looking to sell their wares and _17_ supplies for their own journeys. It is _18_ that around 120,000 to 15,000 caravanserais were bu
8、ilt along the Silk Road, _19_ only about 3,000 are known to remain today, many of which are in _20_.1. A. displayedB. occupiedC. locatedD. equipped2. A. privatelyB. regularlyC. respectivelyD. permanently3. A. definitionB. transitionC. substitutionD. combination4. A. classifyB. recordC. describeD. co
9、nnect5. A. apart fromB. instead ofC. such asD. along with6. A. constructionB. restorationC. impressionD. evaluation7. A. doubtedB. facedC. acceptedD. reduced8. A. assignedB. subjectedC. accustomedD. opposed9. A. so thatB. even ifC. now thatD. in case10. A. talkingB. startingC. breakingD. meeting11.
10、A. By the wayB. On occasionC. In comparisonD. As a result12. A. heritageB. revivalC. exchangeD. status13. A. with regard toB. in spite ofC. as well asD. in line with14. A. completingB. influencingC. resumingD. pioneering15. A. aidedB. investedC. failedD. competed16. A. RatherB. IndeedC. OtherwiseD.
11、However17. A. go in forB. stand up forC.close in onD. stock up on18. A. believedB. predictedC.recalledD. implied19. A. untilB. becauseC.unlessD. although20. A. ruinsB. debtC.fashionD. seriesSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below ea
12、ch text by choosing A, B, C, or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 Points)Text 1The weather in Texas may have cooled since the recent extreme heat, but the temperature will be high at the State Board of Education meeting in Austin this month as officials debate how climate change is taugh
13、t in Texas schools.Pat Hardy, a conservative member of the board who sympathises with the views of the energy sector, is resisting proposed changes to science standards for pre-teen pupils. These would emphasise the primacy of human activity in recent climate change and encourage discussion of mitig
14、ation measures.Most scientists and independent experts sharply dispute her views. “What millions of Texas kids learn in their public schools is determined too often by the political ideology of partisan board members, rather than facts and sound scholarship,” says Dan Quinn, senior communications st
15、rategist at the Texas Freedom Network, a non-profit group that monitors public education. “They casually dismiss the career work of scholars and scientists as just another misguided opinion.”Such debates reflects fierce discussion across the US and around the world, as researchers, policymakers, tea
16、chers and students step up demands for a greater focus on teaching about the facts of climate change in school.A study last year by the National Center for Science Education, a non-profit group of scientists and teachers, looking at how state public schools across the country address climate change
17、in science classes, gave barely half of US states a grade B+ or higher. Among the 10 worst performers were some of the most populous states, including Texas, which was given the lowest grade (F) and has a disproportionate influence because its textbooks are widely sold elsewhere.Glenn Branch, the ce
18、ntres deputy director, cautions that setting state-level science standards is only one limited benchmark in a country that decentralises decisions to local school boards. Even if a state is considered a high performer in its science standards, “that does not mean it will be taught”, he says.Another
19、issue is that, while climate change is well integrated into some subjects and at some ages such as earth and space sciences in high schools it is not as well represented in curricula for younger children and in subjects that are more widely taught, such as biology and chemistry. It is also less prom
20、inent in many social studies courses.Branch points out that, even if a growing number of official guidelines and textbooks reflect scientific consensus on climate change, unofficial educational materials that convey more slanted perspectives are being distributed to teachers. They include materials
21、sponsored by libertarian think-tanks and energy industry associations.21. In paragraph1, the weather in Texas is mentioned to.A. forecast a policy shift in Texas schoolsB. stress the consequences of climate changeC. indicate the atmosphere at the board meetingD. draw the publics attention to energy
22、shortages.22. What does Quinn think of Hardy?A. she exaggerates the existing panic.B. she denies the value of scientific workC. she shows no concern for pre-teens.D. she expresses self-contradictory views.23. The study mentioned in Paragraph 5.A. climate education is insufficient at state public sch
23、oolsB. policy makers have little drive for science educationC. Texas is reluctant to rewrite its science textbooksD. environmental teaching in some states lacks supervision24. According to Branch, state-level science standards in the US.A. call for regular revisionB. require urgent applicationC. hav
24、e limited influenceD. cater to local needs25. It is implied in the last paragraph that climate change teaching in some schools .A. agree to major public demandsB. reflects teachers personal biasC. may misrepresent the energy sectorD. can be swayed by external forcesText 2Communities throughout New E
25、ngland have been attempting to regulate short-term rentals since sites like Airbnb took off in the 2010s. Now with record-high home prices and historically low inventory, theres an increased urgency in such regulation, particularly among those who worry that developers will come in and buy up swaths
26、 of housing to flip for a fortune on the short-term rental market.In New Hampshire, where the rental vacancy rate has dropped below 1 percent, housing advocates fear unchecked short-term rentals will put further pressure on an already strained market. The State Legislature recently voted against a b
27、ill that wouldve made it illegal for towns to create legislation restricting short-term rentals.“We are at a crisis level on the supply of rental housing,” said Nick Taylor, executive director of the Workforce Housing Coalition of the Greater Seacoast. Without enough affordable housing in southern N
28、ew Hampshire towns,“ employers are having a hard time attracting employees, and workers are having a hard time Ending a place to live,” Taylor said.However, short-term rentals also provide housing for tourists, pointed out Ryan Castle, CEO of a local association of realter. A lot of workers are serv
29、icing the tourist industry, and the tourism industry is serviced by those people coming in short term,” Castle said,“ and so its a cyclical effect.”Short-term rentals themselves are not the crux of the issue, said Keren Horn, an expert on affordable housing policy. I think individuals being able to
30、rent out their second home is a good thing. If its their vacation home anyway, and its just empty, why cant you make money off it?” Horn said. Issues arise, however, when developers attempt to create large-scale short-term rental facilities e facto hotelsto bypass taxes and regulations. I think the
31、question is, shouldnt a developer whos really building a hotel, but disguising it as not a hotel, be treated and taxed and regulated like a hotel?” Horn said.At the end of 2018, governor Charlie Baker of Massachusetts signed a bill to rein in those potential investor-buyers. The bill requires every
32、rental host to register with the state mandates they carry insurance, and opens the potential for local taxes on top of a new state levy. Boston took things even further, requiring renters to register with the citys Inspectional Services Department.Horn said similar registration requirements could b
33、enefit struggling cities and towns, but “if we want to make a change in the housing market, the main one is we have to build a lot more.26. Which of the following is true of New England?A. Its housing supply is at a very low level.B. Its communities are in need of funding.C. Its rental vacancy rate
34、is going up slowlyD. Its home prices are under strict control.27. The bill mentioned in Paragraph 2 was intended to.A. curb short-term rental speculation.B. ensure the supply of cheap housing.C. punish illegal dealings in housing.D. allow a free short-term rental market.28. Compared with Castle, Tay
35、lor is more likely to support.A. further investment in local tourism.B. an increase in affordable housing.C. strict management of real estate agents.D. a favorable policy for short-term workers.29. What does Horn emphasize in Paragraph 5?A. The urgency to upgrade short-term rental facilities.B. The
36、efficient operation of the local housing market.C. The necessity to stop developers from evading taxes.D. The proper procedures for renting out spare houses.30. Horn holds that imposing registration requirements is.A. an irrational decision.B. an unfeasible proposal.C. an unnecessary measure.D. an i
37、nadequate solution.Text 3If youre heading for your nearest branch of Waterstones, the biggest book retailer in the UK, in search of the Duchess of Sussexs new childrens book The Bench, you might have to be prepared to hunt around a bit, the same may be true of The Presidents Daughter, the new thrill
38、er by Bill Clinton and James Patterson. Both of these books are published next week by Penguin Random House(PRH), a company currently involved in a stand-off with Waterstones.The problem began late last year, when PRH confirmed that it had introduced a credit limit with Waterstones “at a very signif
39、icant level”. The trade magazine The Bookseller reported that Waterstones branch managers were being told to remove PRH books from prominent areas such as tables, display spaces and windows, and were“ quietly retiring them to their relevant sections”.PRH declined to comment on the issue, but a spoke
40、sperson for Waterstones told me: “Waterstones are currently operating with reduced credit terms from PRH, the only publisher in the UK to place any limitations on our ability to trade. We are not boycotting PRH titles but we are doing our utmost to ensure that availability for customers remains good
41、 despite the lower overall levels of stock. We are hopeful with our shops now open again that normality will return and that we will be allowed to buy appropriately. Certainly, our shops are exceptionally busy. The sales for our May Books of the Month surpassed any month since 2018.”In the meantime,
42、 PRH authors have been the losers. Big-name PRH authors may suffer a bit, but its those mid-list authors, who normally rely on Waterstones staffs passion for promoting books by lesser-known writers, who will be praying for an end to the dispute.It comes at a time when authors are already worried abo
43、ut the consequences of the proposed merger between PRH and another big publisher, Simon & Schusterthe reduction in the number of unaligned UK publishers is likely to lead to fewer bidding wars, lower advances, and more conformity in terms of what is published.“This is all part of a wider change towa
44、rds concentration of power,” says literary agent Andrew Lownie. “The publishing industry talks about diversity in terms of authors and staff but it also needs a plurality of ways of delivering intellectual contact, choice and different voices. After all, many of the most interesting books in recent
45、years have come from small publishers.”We shall see whether that plurality is a casualty of the current need among publishers to be big enough to take on all-comers.31. The author mentions two books in Paragraph 1 to present.A. an ongoing conflict.B. an intellectual concept.C. a prevailing sentiment
46、.D. a literary phenomenon.32. Why did Waterstones shops retire PRH books to their relevant sections?A. To make them easily noticeable.B. To comply with PRHs requirement.C. To respond to PRHs business move.D. To arrange them in a systematic way.33. What message does the spokesperson for Waterstones s
47、eem to convey?A. Their customers remain loyal.B. The credit limit will be removed.C. Their stock is underestimated.D. The book market is rather slack.34. What can be one consequence of the current dispute?A. Sales of books by mid-list PRH writers fall off considerably.B. Lesser-known PRH writers bec
48、ome the target of criticism.C. Waterstones staff hesitate to promote big-name authors5 books.D. Waterstones branches suffer a severe reduction in revenue.35. Which of the following statements best represents Lownies view?A. Small publishers ought to stick together.B. Big publishers will lose their dominance.C. The publishing industry is having a hard time.D. The merger of publishers is a worry