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1、学习必备 欢迎下载 虚拟语气 虚拟语气表示动作或状态与事实相反，或不可能发生的情况。一虚拟语气用于条件状语从句中 1.表示与现在事实相反或不可能发生：条件状语从句：一般过去时（虚拟语气中 bewere）主句用：would(should,could,might)+动词原形。Eg.If we had time now,we would read it again.If I were you,I would work hard.2.表示与过去事实相反或不可能发生：条件状语从句：had+过去分词；主句：would(should,could,might)+have+过去分词。Eg.If he had t
2、aken my advice,he would have succeeded in the test.If I had known your telephone number then,I would have called you.3.表示与将来的事实可能相反或不可能发生：条件状语从句：一般过去时should+动词原形were to+动词原形；主句：would(should,could,might)+动词原形。Eg.If it should rain,the crops would be saved.If it were to snow tomorrow,they would not go
3、out.虚拟条件句的特殊情况 1.混合/错综型虚拟语气 当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，称为 错综条件句，动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间作出相应的调整。Eg.If you had followed my advice,you would be better now.(从句说的是过去，主句是现在)If I were you,I would have taken his advice.(从句是现在，主句是过去)(2)省略 if 的虚拟语气 如果从句中含有 were/should/had 时，则可以把这三个词置于句首，省略 if.采用倒装语序。Eg.If it shou
4、ld happen,what would you do?-Should it happen,what would you do?If he had recognized me,he would have come over.-Had he recognized me,he would have come over.(3)含蓄虚拟条件句 有时候假设的情况不以 if 引导的条件从句形式表现出来，而是通过一个介词短语、连词或其他形式表示。常用的词或短语有：without,with,but for(要是没有),otherwise,or,bu t 等。Eg.Without your help(=If w
5、e had not had your help),we could not have succeeded.But for electricity(=If there were no electricity),there would be no modern industry.学习必备 欢迎下载 He felt very tired yesterday,or/otherwise he would have attended the party.(4)在 if it were(had been)not for.句型中的虚拟语气 虚拟语气也常用于if it were/(had been)not fo
6、r.句型中，意为 要不是由于。Eg.If it were not for peace,we could not be living a happy life today.If it had not been for your timely help,I would have gone bankrupt.二虚拟语气用在名词性从句中 1.主语从句中的虚拟语气 这种虚拟语气主要用在 it is+形容词（名词，过去分词）+that+主语+should+动词原形（should 可以省略）这种结构中。常见的这类形容词有：advisable,anxious,better,desirable,surprisi
7、ng,natural,necessary,strange,important,regretful.常见的这类过去分词有：decided,demanded,recommended,requested,desired,required,ordered,suggested.常见的这类名词有：duty,pity,no surprise,no wonder,regret,shame.Eg.It was suggested that he（should）join the club activities.It is strange(surprising,disappointing)that she(shou
8、ld)not have been invited.It is a pity that he(should)refuse to accept the offer.2.宾语从句中的虚拟语气(1)wish 后面所跟宾语从句谓语动词用虚拟语气（要是，但愿就好了），形式主要有三种：表示对现在情况的虚拟：wish 后接一般过去时的从句 表示对过去情况的虚拟：wish 后接过去完成时/should，could have done 表示对将来情况的虚拟：wish 后接 would，could+动词原形 Eg.I wish it were spring all year round.I wish it woul
9、d be fine tomorrow.She wished she had stayed at home.(2)在表示建议，命令，要求等动词后的从句要用(should)+动词原形。此类动词有：suggest,advise,propose,demand,require,insist（要求）,order,prefer,command,ask,request.Eg.The teacher ordered that all the books(should)be handed in on time.当 suggest表示 暗示，说明；insist表示 坚持认为/说 时，从句不用虚拟，用正常陈述语气。E
10、g.The man insisted that he had never stolen the money.The smile on his face suggested that he was satisfied with life.(3)表语从句和同位语从句中的虚拟语气 在表示建议，命令，要求的名词后的表语从句或同位语从句中的谓语动词要用（should）+动词原形。常见名词有：句中表示与现在事实相反或不可能发生条件状语从句一般过去时虚拟语气中主句用动词原形表示与过去事实相反或不可能发生条件状语从句过去分词主句过去分词表示与将来的事实可能相反或不可能发生条件状语从句一般过去时动条件状语从句表
11、示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时称为错综条件句动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间作出相应的调整去主句是现在省略的虚拟语气如果从句中含有时则可以把这三个词置于句首省略采用倒装语序含蓄的词或短语有要是没有等学习必备欢迎下载在句型中的虚拟语气虚拟语气也常用于句型中意为要不是由于二虚拟语气用在名词性从句中主语从句中的虚拟语气这种虚拟语气主要用在形容词名词过去分词主语动词原形可以省略这种结学习必备 欢迎下载 advice,desire,request,demand,proposal,suggestion,preference,requirement,order.Eg.He gave orders
12、 that the guests(should)be hospital entertained.His proposal is that we(should)get rid of the bad habits.三虚拟语气在其他情况中的使用 1.在 as if/as though 引导的状语从句中，若从句与事实相反，则要用虚拟语气。形式：主语+as if/though+主语+一般过去时（从句的动作与主句同时发生）主语+as if/though+主语+would/could+动词原形（从句动作相对主句在将来发生）主语+as if/though+主语+过去完成时（从句的动作先发生于主句动作之前）Eg
13、.He talks as if he knew all about it.She speaks English well as if he had studied in America.He learns English so hard as if he would go abroad.2.在 it is(high)time that 句型中也用虚拟语气，从句常用过去式，有时也用 should+动词原形，表示早该做而没做的事，含建议的意味。Eg.It is time that we went home.此句型中，注意与 It/This is the+序数词+time that+现在完成式的区别
14、。Eg.This is the first time that I have been here.3.would rather 后接动词原形，但接从句时要用虚拟语气（宁愿，但愿）。Would rather+主语+一般过去时（表示与现在或将来相反）Would rather+主语+过去完成时（表示与过去相反）Eg.Id rather he didnt go now.Eg.Id rather you hadnt done it.4.if only 后接从句也用虚拟语气，其形式与 wish 的用法一致。5.动词 hope,intend,mean,plan,want,think等用过去完成形式，本想，本
15、打算，本认为 Eg.He had meant to buy the furniture last week,but it rained.（他上周本打算去买那件家具，但却下雨了）句中表示与现在事实相反或不可能发生条件状语从句一般过去时虚拟语气中主句用动词原形表示与过去事实相反或不可能发生条件状语从句过去分词主句过去分词表示与将来的事实可能相反或不可能发生条件状语从句一般过去时动条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时称为错综条件句动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间作出相应的调整去主句是现在省略的虚拟语气如果从句中含有时则可以把这三个词置于句首省略采用倒装语序含蓄的词或短语有要是没有
16、等学习必备欢迎下载在句型中的虚拟语气虚拟语气也常用于句型中意为要不是由于二虚拟语气用在名词性从句中主语从句中的虚拟语气这种虚拟语气主要用在形容词名词过去分词主语动词原形可以省略这种结学习必备 欢迎下载 句中表示与现在事实相反或不可能发生条件状语从句一般过去时虚拟语气中主句用动词原形表示与过去事实相反或不可能发生条件状语从句过去分词主句过去分词表示与将来的事实可能相反或不可能发生条件状语从句一般过去时动条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时称为错综条件句动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间作出相应的调整去主句是现在省略的虚拟语气如果从句中含有时则可以把这三个词置于句首省略采用倒装语序含蓄的词或短语有要是没有等学习必备欢迎下载在句型中的虚拟语气虚拟语气也常用于句型中意为要不是由于二虚拟语气用在名词性从句中主语从句中的虚拟语气这种虚拟语气主要用在形容词名词过去分词主语动词原形可以省略这种结