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1、现在分词与过去分词现在分词与过去分词的区别的区别非谓语动词复习（一）非谓语动词复习（一）现在分词与过去分词现在分词与过去分词两者之间的区别主要体现在时态和语态上：两者之间的区别主要体现在时态和语态上：（1 1）在时态上：）在时态上：现在现在分词表示正在分词表示正在进行进行，而而过去过去分词表示已经分词表示已经完成完成。例如：。例如：（2 2）在语态上：）在语态上：现在现在分词表示分词表示主动主动；而；而过去过去分词表示分词表示被动被动。总之，总之，现在现在分词表分词表主动、进行主动、进行；过去过去分词表分词表被动、完成被动、完成。在句法功能上它们都可以作在句法功能上它们都可以作定语定语、表语表
2、语、状状语语和和宾补宾补，它们的具体区别如下：，它们的具体区别如下：Chinaisadevelopingcountry,whileAmericaisadevelopedone.1、作定语时、作定语时取决于分词与被修饰词的关系：取决于分词与被修饰词的关系：主动关系或主谓关系用主动关系或主谓关系用 doing被动关系或动宾关系用被动关系或动宾关系用 done1.The meeting held last week is very important.2.2.Tell the children playing there not to make so much noise.3.3.They live
3、d in a room facing the south.4.4.I hate to see letters written in pencil.被动关系被动关系被动关系被动关系主动关系主动关系主动关系主动关系练习练习1.Mrs.Whiteshowedherstudentssomeoldmaps_fromthelibrary.（10全国1）A.toborrowB.tobeborrowedC.borrowedD.borrowing2.Forbreakfastheonlydrinksjuicefromfreshfruit_onhisownfarm.（09北京）A.grownB.beinggrown
4、C.tobegrownD.togrow3.Thereisagreatdealofevidence_thatmusicactivitiesengagedifferentpartsofthebrain.（09浙江）A.indicateB.indicatingC.toindicateD.tobeindicating4.Withthegovernmentsaid,those_bytheearthquakehavemovedtothenewsettlements.（09上海）A.affectB.affectingC.affectedD.wereaffected5.(2006上海春)Therearehun
5、dredsofvisitor_infrontoftheArtGallerytohavealookatVanGoghspaintings.A.waitedB.towait C.waitingD.wait6.(2006辽宁卷)Iwastoldthattherewereabout50foreignstudents_Chineseintheschool,most_werefromGermany.A.study;ofwhomB.study;ofthemC.studying;ofthemD.studying;ofwhom7.(2008上海卷)Throughouthistory,thelanguage_by
6、apowerfulgroupspreadsacrossacivilizationA.speakingB.spokenC.tospeakD.tobespoken8.(2008浙江卷)Itisoneofthefunniestthings_ontheInternetsofarthisyear.A.findingB.beingfoundC.tofindD.found9.(2007上海卷)TheTownHall_inthe1800swasthemostdistinguishedbuildingatthattime.A.tobecompletedB.havingbeencompletedC.complet
7、edD.beingcompleted2、作表语时、作表语时现在现在分词多表示主语所具有的分词多表示主语所具有的特征特征或或属性属性；过去过去分分词多表示主语所处的词多表示主语所处的状态状态。现在分词表示。现在分词表示“令人令人的的”，过去分词表示，过去分词表示“感到感到”.常见的分词有：常见的分词有：amazed/amazing,excited/exciting,bored/boring,annoyed/annoying,interested/interesting,pleased/pleasing,tired/tiring,surprised/surprising,worried/worry
8、ing,satisfied/satisfying,amused/amusing例如：例如：The news was exciting.He appeared satisfied with my answer.练习练习Itisbelievedthatifabookis_,itwillsurely_thereader.(03上海)A.interested;interestB.interesting;beinterestedC.interested;beinterestingD.interesting;interest3、作宾语补足语时、作宾语补足语时取决于分词与宾语的关系：取决于分词与宾语的关系：
9、主动主动关系，用关系，用doing被动被动关系，用关系，用done。例如例如1.I found them painting the windows.2.I found the windows painted.主动关系主动关系被动关系被动关系（现在分词表（现在分词表主动、进行主动、进行）（过去分词表（过去分词表被动、完成被动、完成）练习：练习：1.Theyusecomputerstokeepthetrafficsmoothly.（09全国2）A.beingrunB.runC.torunD.running2.(2008上海卷)Mysister,aninexpensiverider,wasfound
10、sittingonthebicycle_tobalanceit.A.havingtriedB.tryingC.totryD.tried3.(2007上海卷)Afteraknockatthedoor,thechildheardhismothersvoice_him.A.callingB.calledC.beingcalledD.tocall4.(2005天津卷)Youshouldunderstandthetrafficrulebynow.Youvehadit_oftenenough.A.explainingB.toexplainC.explainD.explained5.(2007福建卷)Jen
11、nyhopesthatMr.SmithwillsuggestagoodwaytohaveherwrittenEnglish_inashortperiod.A.improvedB.improvingC.toimproveD.improve4、作状语时、作状语时1）.分词的选取分词的选取：取决于分词与句子主语的关系：取决于分词与句子主语的关系：主动关系主动关系，用，用doing被动关系被动关系，用，用done例如：例如：Seenfromthemoon,theearthlookslikeablueball.Seeingnobodyathome,heleft.被动关系被动关系主动关系练习：练习：1.I
12、trainedheavilyinthesouth,_seriousfloodinginseveralprovinces.（10天津）天津）A.causedB.havingcausedC.causingD.tocause2_thecitycenter,wesawastonestatueofabout10metersinheight.（10上海）上海）A.ApproachingB.ApproachedC.ToapproachD.Tobeapproached3._atmyclassmatesfaces,Ireadthesameexcitementintheireyes.（10北京）北京）A.Look
13、ingB.LookC.TolookD.Looked4.(2005山东卷山东卷)Oilpriceshaverisenby32percentsincethestartoftheyear,_arecordUS$57.65abarrelonApril4.A.havereachedB.reachingC.toreachD.tobereaching5.(2006福建卷福建卷)._forthebreakdownoftheschoolcomputernetwork,Alicewasinlowspirits.A.BlamingB.Blamed C.ToblameD.Tobeblamed6.(2007浙江卷浙江卷
14、)_byagreaterdemandofvegetables,farmershavebuiltmoregreenhouses.A.DrivenB.BeingdrivenC.TodriveD.Havingdriven7.(2008辽宁卷辽宁卷)Hewasbusywritingastory,only_onceinawhiletosmokeacigarette.A.tostopB.stoppingC.tohavestoppedD.havingstopped8.(2006全国卷全国卷II)Weoftenprovideourchildrenwithtoys,footballsorbasketballs,
15、_thatallchildrenlikethesethings.A.thinkingB.thinkC.tothinkD.thought9.(2006安徽卷安徽卷)Mycousincametoseemefromthecountry,_meafullbasketoffreshfruits.A.broughtB.bringingC.tobringD.hadbrought2).现在分词的现在分词的一般式一般式与与完成式完成式：一般式一般式：doing表示非谓语动作与谓语动作几乎同时发生。表示非谓语动作与谓语动作几乎同时发生。完成式完成式：havingdone表示非谓语动作与谓语动作有着先后顺序表示非谓
16、语动作与谓语动作有着先后顺序。分析分析：句意：这位生意人因遭受了重大损失，便失去了把生意进句意：这位生意人因遭受了重大损失，便失去了把生意进展下去的勇气。分词的动作先于谓语的动作，所以使用了完成式展下去的勇气。分词的动作先于谓语的动作，所以使用了完成式练习练习1.(2005全国卷全国卷I)Thestormleft,_alotofdamagetothisarea.A.causedB.tohavecausedC.tocauseD.havingcaused例如：例如：Havingsufferedsuchheavyloss,thebusinessmandidnthavethecouragetogoon
17、.2._inthequeueforhalfanhour,Tomsuddenlyrealizedthathehadlefthiswalletathome(04北京北京)A.TowaitB.HavewaitedC.HavingwaitedD.Tohavewaited3._theprogramme,theyhavetostaythereforanothertwoweeks.(04广东广东)A.NotcompletingB.NotcompletedC.NothavingcompletedD.Havingnotcompleted3).分词作状语的基本原则：分词作状语的基本原则：分词作状语时，分词作状语时
18、，分词的逻辑主语必须与句子的主语保持一分词的逻辑主语必须与句子的主语保持一致。当非谓语动作的主语不是句子的主语时，必须加上其自致。当非谓语动作的主语不是句子的主语时，必须加上其自己的逻辑主语，这种结构成为己的逻辑主语，这种结构成为独立主格结构独立主格结构。如：。如：coming,thefieldsarefulloflife.Springcoming,thefieldsarefulloflife.再如：再如：Thebossbeingill,themeetingwasputoff.Weatherpermitting,wewillgooutforaspringouting.因为因为coming的逻辑
19、主语，并不是的逻辑主语，并不是thefields，应补上，应补上它的逻辑主语它的逻辑主语spring，(错错)练习：练习：1.Manystudents_around,Iexplainedthestoryintodetails.（07重庆）重庆）A.stoodB.standingC.tostandD.werestanding2.There_nothingtotalkabout,everyoneintheroomremainedsilent.A.wasB.hadC.beingD.having3.Everything_intoconsideration,theybelievedthemselvesm
20、oreandreturnedtotheirposition.A.totakenB.takenC.tobetakenD.taking4).如何考察如何考察：大多通过给定的句子，确定非谓语动词的形式。大多通过给定的句子，确定非谓语动词的形式。通过非谓语动词的形式，确定句子。（解此类题的关键：通通过非谓语动词的形式，确定句子。（解此类题的关键：通过分词的基本原则，确定句子的主语。）过分词的基本原则，确定句子的主语。）练习练习1.Watchingtelevision,_.(05全国全国)A.thedoorbellrangB.thedoorbellringsC.weheardthedoorbellrin
21、gD.weheardthedoorbellrings2.Facedwithabillfor$10,000,.（06陕西）陕西）AJohnhastakenanextrajobBthebosshasgivenJohnanextrajobCanextrajobhasbeentakenDanextrajobhasbeengiventoJohn5）独立成分作状语）独立成分作状语有些分词作状语时，其形式的选用不受上下文的影响，称作独立成分或插有些分词作状语时，其形式的选用不受上下文的影响，称作独立成分或插入语。常见的有：入语。常见的有：generally/frankly/strictlyspeaking一
22、般而言一般而言/坦率地说坦率地说/严格地说严格地说judgingfrom/by根据根据来判断来判断considering/takingintoconsideration考虑到考虑到；鉴于；鉴于supposing/providing/providedthat如果如果comparedwith与与相比相比例如例如Judgingfromhisaccent,heisfromthesouth.Consideringyourhealth,youdbetterhavearest.解题方法总结解题方法总结 解答考查非谓语动词的题目时，一定要保持头脑冷静。要遵循以下解题思路：解析句子结构，确定设空在句子中充当的功
23、能(如状语、定语或宾补)；找准相关动词的逻辑主语，确定该动词与逻辑主语是什么关系(主动还是被动)；搜索句子中相关的时间信息，确定非谓语动词的恰当形式；将该选项置入空中，看是否能够做到字从意顺、或是否能传达有效信息、完成交际任务。巩固练习：巩固练习：1.Thestorywas_,wewereall_.A.moving,movingB.moved,movedC.moving,movedD.moved,moving2.Thereisa_expressiononhisface.Maybetheproblemistoodifficultforhim.A.puzzledB.puzzlingC.puzzle
24、D.topuzzle3.Icouldfeelthewind_onmyfacefromanopenwindow.A.toblowB.blowingC.blownD.tobeblowing4.WellmeetMr.Black,_asafamousscientist.A.knowingB.tobeknownC.knownD.beingknown5._moretime,wecoulddoitbetter.A.GivingB.TogiveC.GivenD.Tobegiven6.Ayoungman_novelscametousyesterday.A.towriteB.writingC.writtenD.w
25、rote7.Allthethings_,hisproposalisofgreatervaluethanyours.A.consideredB.consideringC.considerD.toconsider8._Sunday,thestudentsareathome.A.BeingB.TobeC.ItisD.Itbeing9.4.Helenhadtoshout_abovethesoundofthemusic.AmakingherselfhearBtomakeherselfhearCmakingherselfheardDtomakeherselfheard10.Dontleavethewater_whileyoubrushyourteeth.ArunBrunningCbeingrunDtorun