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1、学习必备 欢迎下载 动词不定式用法小结与第一单元重点词汇 动词不定式用法小结 动词不定式是一种非谓语动词形式，其结构为“to动词原形”，其中 to 不是介词，而是动词不定式的符号，称为小品词，动词不定式没有人称和数的变化。动词不定式和其后面的名词等构成不定式短语，在句子中可以用作主语、表语、宾语、补足语、定语、状语等。一.作主语 例如：To be a doctor is hard.做医生很难。To learn English well is not easy.学好英语不容易。动词不定式（短语）作主语时，为了避免句子的头重脚轻，可以用“it”作形式主语，而把真正的主语动词不定式（短语）放在句子的
2、后部。例如上面的句子可以表示为：It is hard to be a doctor.It is not easy to learn English well.如果动词不定式的动作是谁做的，可以在动词不定式前面加一个由介词 for 引导的短语，称为不定式的复合结构。例：Its good for us to read English aloud in the morning.对我们来说每天早晨大声读英语是很有益的。It is important for students to use English every day.对学生来说每天使用英语是很重要的。二.作表语：动词不定式（短语）作表语常用于系
3、词 be 的后面。例：His work is to drive a car.他的工作是开车。My job is to feed animals.我的工作是饲养动物。Her ambition is to be a doctor.她的理想是当医生。三.作宾语 动词不定式（短语）可以放在一些动词后面用作宾语，能以动词不定式作宾语的动词有：begin,start,want,forget,remember,show,learn,like,hate,love,ask 等。例：They begin to work at eight every morning.他们每天早晨 8 点开始工作。Would you
4、 like to go and have a picnic with us tomorrow?明天和我们一起去野餐好吗？（1）如果 and连接两个动词不定式，第二个动词不定式一般省“to”例：He wants to go and have a swim with us.他想和我们一起去游泳。（2）若作宾语的动词不定式（短语）很长，可用 it 作形式宾语。I find it interesting to learn English with you.我觉得和你一起学英语很有趣。He found it hard to catch up with others.他觉得赶上别人很困难。四.作宾语补足语
5、。The teacher asked us to read English for half an hour in the morning 老师让我们早晨读半小时英语。The teacher often tells Jim not to spend too much time playing computer games.Please let me help you.让我来帮助你。动词不定式作宾语补足语，表示宾语所做的动作，可以用动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词有：tell,ask,want,like,invite,encourage,help 等。但在 let,make,see,watch,he
6、ar,feel,notice,have 等感官听觉动词或使役动词后面作宾语补足语的动词不定式一般要省略动词不定式符号“to”，可以归纳为以下三种句式：1.不可以省 to 的不定式作宾语补足语：tell/ask/want/would like/wish/like/invite/encourage/teach sb.to do sth.例：I want you to go now.我想让你现在就走。Her parents wish her to be a teacher.她父母亲希望她当老师。2.省“to”的不定式作宾语补足语：1）Let/make/have sb.do sth.学习必备 欢迎下载
7、 Let the boy go out now.让那个男孩出去。The boy made the baby cry.男孩弄哭了这个小孩。2）see/watch/hear/notice/feel sb.do sth.I saw the students play basketball on the playground yesterday.昨天我看见学生们在操场打篮球。I often hear the girl sing in the next room.我经常听到女孩在隔壁唱歌。3）would rather，had better句型后 4）Why/why not句型后 5）but 和 exce
8、pt后。but 前是实义动词 do时，后面出现的不定式不带 to。比较：He wants to do nothing but go out.他只想出去玩。He wants to believe anything but to take the medicine.除了吃这药，他什么都信。3.可省可不省的：1）help sb.（to）do sth.I often help my mother（to）do housework.我经常帮妈妈做家务。2）由 and,or和 than 连接的两个不定式，第二个 to 可以省去：3）通常在 discover,imagine,suppose,think 等词后
9、作宾补时，可以省去 to be。例如：He is supposed（to be）nice.他应该是个好人。*动词不定式的否定式是直接在 to 之前加 not.例：Tell them not to play football in the street.告诉他们不要在街道上踢足球。省 to 的动词不定式的否定式是直接在动词前面加 not.例：Let the boy not go.让那个男孩别走。如果将主动语态变为被动语态时，作宾语补足语的动词不定式变为主语补足语，动词不定式则不省“to”，即原来省的再加上，例：The boy made the baby cry.The baby was made
10、 to cry by the boy.那个孩子被男孩弄哭了。五.动词不定式作定语 动词不定式作定语常用来修饰名词或不定代词，放于所修饰的词后，为后置定语。例：Who was the first one to arrive?谁第一个到的？She has no paper to write on?她没有纸写字？The best way to learn English is to use it.学英语最好的方法是使用它。When is the best time to plant vegetables?什么时候是种植蔬菜的最好时间？Do you have something to drink?你这
11、有喝的吗？*动词不定式（短语）作定语修饰名词时，与其所修饰的词具有一种动宾关系，如果不定式中的动词为不及物动词时，其后应加上一个含义上所需要的介词。例：I have no chair to sit on.我没有椅子坐。He has no house to live in.他没有房子住。六.动词不定式作状语 动词不定式作目的状语常用结构为 to do,only to do（仅仅为了）,in order to do,so as to do,so（such）as to（如此以便）He went to see his sister yesterday.他昨天去看妹妹了。They got up earl
12、y to catch the early bus.他们早起去赶早班车。动词不定式作结果状语，可以表示没有预料到的或事与愿违的结果，不定式要放在句子后面。I awoke to find my truck gone.我醒来发现箱子不见了。He searched the room only to find nothing.他搜索了房间，没发现什么 七.不定式和疑问词连用，可以作句子的主语、宾语、表语等。例：The problem is where to get a computer.（表语）No one knows how to do it.没有人知道如何做这件事。（宾）I really dont
13、know which one to choose.（宾）我真的不知道选哪一个。式其结构为动词原形其中不是介词而是动词不定式的符号称为小品词动词不定式没有人称和数的变化动词不定式和其后面的名词等构成不定式短语在句子中可以用作主语表语宾语补足语定语状语等一作主语例如做医生很难学好英语句子的后部例如上面的句子可以表示为如果动词不定式的动作是谁做的可以在动词不定式前面加一个由介词引导的短语称为不定式的复合结构例对我们来说每天早晨大声读英语是很有益的对学生来说每天使用英语是很重要的二作表不定式短语可以放在一些动词后面用作宾语能以动词不定式作宾语的动词有等例他们每天早晨点开始工作明天和我们一起去野餐好吗如
14、果连接两个动词不定式第二个动词不定式一般省例他想和我们一起去游泳若作宾语的动词不定式学习必备 欢迎下载 When and where to have the party is not known.（主语）何时何地举行联欢还不知道。*不定式和疑问词连用作宾语时有时可以改为宾语从句。例：I dont know what to do next.我不知下一步该做什么？I dont know what I should do next.注意：Its for sb.和 Its of sb.这样的句子中，由于表语形容词性质的不同，导致了不定式逻辑主语标志用 for 或 of 的区别。1）for sb.句型中
15、的形容词一般为表示事物的特征特点，表示客观形式的形容词，如 easy,hard,difficult,interesting,impossible 等：例如：Its very hard for him to study two languages.对他来说学两门外语是很难的。2）of sb 句型中的形容词一般为表示性格，品德，心智能力，表示主观感情或态度的形容词，如 good,kind,nice,clever,foolish,right。例如：Its very nice of you to help me.你来帮助我，你真是太好了。用 for 还是用 of 的另一种辨别方法：用介词 for 或
16、of 后面的逻辑主语作句子的主语，用介词前边的形容词作表语，造个句子。如果通顺用 of，不通则用 for。例如：You are nice.（通顺，所以应用 of）。He is hard.（非所表达的意思，不通，因此用 for。）用作介词的 to to 可以用作介词，也可用作不定式的标示。下面的 to 都用作介词：admit to object to be accustomed to be used to stick to turn to 开始 look forward to be devoted to pay attention to contribute to apologize to de
17、vote oneself to 一.选择填空：1.He asked me _ here earlier.A.come B.to come C.coming D.came 2.Please tell him _ on the wall.A.dont draw B.to not draw C.not to draw D.not draw 3.He wanted _ a cup of tea.A.to have B.having C.have D.had 4.Id like _ a word with you.A.had B.having C.to have D.have 5.I came here
18、 _ my uncle.A.saw B.to see C.seeing D.to be seen 6.The man refused（拒绝）_ back his words.A.to take B.taking C.took D.takes 7.I can let you _ one ticket.A.to have B.have C.having D.had 8.We often heard him _ in his room.A.to sing B.sings C.sang D.sing 9.He was made _ day and night.A.work B.working C.to
19、 work D.worked 10.He stopped _ a look,but saw nothing.A.having B.to have C.have D.had 11.My father was too angry _ a word.A.to say B.not to say C.to saying D.didnt say 12.My brother was old enough _ to school.A.went B.goes C.going D.to go 13.It is time _ him _ supper.A.of,to have B.for,to have C.of,
20、having D.for,to has 14.Its very kind _ you _ me.A.of,to help B.for,to help C.of,help D.of,helping 15.Its important _ our classroom clean every day.A.kept B.to keep C.to give D.keep 16.Before liberation（解放）they had no chance _ to school.A.went B.go C.to go D.to be gone 17.He said he had an important
21、meeting _.A.attend B.would attend C.attending D.to attend 18.Please give me a piece of paper _.A.to write B.to write on C.writing D.to write it 19.I dont know _.A.what do B.what will do C.what to do D.do what 20.Your radio needs _.A.to be repaired B.to repair C.repaired D.to repairing 21.My wish is
22、_ a teacher.A.becoming B.to become C.become D.became 22.I want _ him a letter now.A.to write B.not write C.write D.wrote 23.It took us three days _ the trees.A.plant B.planted C.to plant D.plants 24.Why not _ here _ me?A.to come,to see B.come,to see C.came,seeing D.come,see 式其结构为动词原形其中不是介词而是动词不定式的符号
23、称为小品词动词不定式没有人称和数的变化动词不定式和其后面的名词等构成不定式短语在句子中可以用作主语表语宾语补足语定语状语等一作主语例如做医生很难学好英语句子的后部例如上面的句子可以表示为如果动词不定式的动作是谁做的可以在动词不定式前面加一个由介词引导的短语称为不定式的复合结构例对我们来说每天早晨大声读英语是很有益的对学生来说每天使用英语是很重要的二作表不定式短语可以放在一些动词后面用作宾语能以动词不定式作宾语的动词有等例他们每天早晨点开始工作明天和我们一起去野餐好吗如果连接两个动词不定式第二个动词不定式一般省例他想和我们一起去游泳若作宾语的动词不定式学习必备 欢迎下载 25.He wishes
24、 me_my best_ hard at English.A.to do,to work B.doing,working C.to do,working D.do,work 26.Please tell me _ her.I have something _ her.A.where to find,telling B.where to find,to tell C.where can find,to tell D.where finding,telling 27.How happy they are _ each other again!A.to see B.see C.saw D.being
25、 seen 28.They decided（决心）_ a letter _ their thanks.A.to write,expressing（表达）B.writing,express C.write,expressed D.to write,to express 29.The officer ordered（命令）him _ down _ a rest.A.lying,have B.to lie,to have C.to lie,having D.lie,had 30.The headmaster called on（号召）us _ hard for our country.A.to wo
26、rk B.worked C.work D.to working 4.The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street,but his mother told him _.A.not to B.not to do C.not do it D.do not to 5.Mrs Smith warned her daughter _ after drinking.A.never to drive B.to never drive C.never driving D.never drive 6.The patient was warned _ oily f
27、ood after the operation.A.to eat not B.eating not C.not to eat D.not eating 7.The workers want us _ together with them.A.work B.working C.to work D.worked 8.They would not allow him _ across the enemy line.A.to risk going B.risking to go C.for risk to go D.risk going 9.I saw him _ out of the room.A.
28、go B.had gone C.has gone D.goes 10.They knew her very well.They had seen her _ up from childhood.A.grow B.grew C.was growing D.to grow 11.Ive heard him _ about you often.A.spoke B.speaks C.speak 12.Though he had often made his little sister _,today he was made _by his little sister.A.cry；to cry B.cr
29、ying；crying C.cry；cry D.to cry；cry 13.He was made _.A.go B.gone C.going D.to go 14.John was made _ the truck for a week as a punishment.A.to wash B.washing C.wash D.to be washing 15.Paul doesnt have to be made _.He always works hard.A.learn B.to learn C.learned D.learning 16.Therere so m any kinds o
30、f tape-recorders on sale that I cant make up my mind _ to buy.A.what B.which C.how D.where 17.There isnt any difference between the two.I really dont know _.A.where to choose B.which to choose C.to choose what D.to choose which 18.“Have you decided when _?”“Yes,tomorrow morning.”A.to leave B.to be l
31、eaving C.will you leave D.are you leaving 19.Last summer I took a course on _.A.how to make dresses B.how dresses be made C.how to be made dresses D.how dresses to be made 20.He doesnt know _ to stay or not.A.whether B.if C.either D.if he will 21.She pretended _ me when I passed by.A.not to see B.no
32、t seeing C.to not see D.having not seen 22.-The light in the office is still on.-Oh,I forgot _.A.turning it off B.turn it off C.to turn it off D.having turned it off 23.We agreed _ here but so far she hasnt turned up yet.A.having met B.meeting C.to meet D.to have met 24.Little Jim should love _ to t
33、he theatre this evening.A.to be taken B.to take C.being taken D.taking 25.I would love _ to the party last night but I had to work extra hours to finish a report.A.to go B.to have gone C.going D.having gone 式其结构为动词原形其中不是介词而是动词不定式的符号称为小品词动词不定式没有人称和数的变化动词不定式和其后面的名词等构成不定式短语在句子中可以用作主语表语宾语补足语定语状语等一作主语例如做
34、医生很难学好英语句子的后部例如上面的句子可以表示为如果动词不定式的动作是谁做的可以在动词不定式前面加一个由介词引导的短语称为不定式的复合结构例对我们来说每天早晨大声读英语是很有益的对学生来说每天使用英语是很重要的二作表不定式短语可以放在一些动词后面用作宾语能以动词不定式作宾语的动词有等例他们每天早晨点开始工作明天和我们一起去野餐好吗如果连接两个动词不定式第二个动词不定式一般省例他想和我们一起去游泳若作宾语的动词不定式学习必备 欢迎下载 26.Frank is the kind of person who people like to _.A.make friend with B.make fr
35、iends of C.make friends D.make friends with 27.Go on _ the other exercise after you have finished this one.A.to do B.doing C.with D.to be doing 28.She reached the top of the hill and stopped _ on a big rock by the side of the path.A.to have rested B.resting C.to rest D.rest 29.Tom kept quiet about t
36、he accident _ lose his job.A.so not as to B.so as not to C.so as to not D.not so as to 30.I need a day or two _.A.to think it over B.to think over C.of thinking 31.He was too excited _.A.speak B.to speak C.not to speak D.speaking 32.Charles Babbage is generally considered _ the first computer.A.to i
37、nvent B.inventing C.to have invented D.having invented 33.He said he would rather not _ it right now.A.doing B.to do C.do D.to be doing 34.Rather than _ on a crowded bus,he always prefers _ a bicycle.A.ride；ride B.riding；ride C.ride；to ride D.to ride；riding 35.Its freezing outside.You _ put on your
38、overcoat.A.had better to B.had better C.would better D.would better to 36.The chair looks rather hard,but in fact it is very comfortable to _.A.sit B.sit on C.be sit D.be sat on 37.Im hungry.Get me something _.A.eat B.to eat C.eating D.for eating 38.-I usually go there by train.-Why not _ by boat fo
39、r a change?A.to try going B.trying to go C.to try and go D.try going 39.She did nothing _ at the photo.A.except look B.but to look C.except to look D.but looking 40.I asked him to _ me a few minutes so that we could go over all the problems.A.spend B.spare C.save D.share 41.They wont let their teach
40、er _ in that way.A.to be treated B.being treated C.treated D.be treated 42.John,you must get your room _ after breakfast.A.to be cleaned B.to clean C.cleaning D.cleaned 43.The problem _ at tomorrows meeting is a very difficult one.A.being discussed B.discussed C.to be discussed D.to discuss 44.He re
41、ached the station _ only _ that the train had just left.A.tired；learned B.tiring；learning C.to tire；to learn D.tired；to learn 45.-Did that book give the information you needed?-Yes,but _,we had to read it almost entirely.A.for finding it B.to find it C.finding it D.by finding it 46.Im sorry I forgot
42、 _your dictionary.Lets borrow one from Li Ming.A.to take B.taking C.to bring D.bringing 47.She couldnt decide which restaurant _.A.to have lunch B.to eat C.to eat at D.eating at 48.This problem is said _ three times.A.to have been talked B.to have discussed C.having been discussed D.to have been tal
43、ked about 49.Everybody believed the man _ away the diamond ring.A.be taken B.taking C.to take D.to have taken 50.I prefer _ rather than _.A.read；watch B.to read；watch C.reading；to watch D.to read；to watch 第一单元重点词汇 in other words 换句话说 in a word=in one word总而言之 式其结构为动词原形其中不是介词而是动词不定式的符号称为小品词动词不定式没有人称和
44、数的变化动词不定式和其后面的名词等构成不定式短语在句子中可以用作主语表语宾语补足语定语状语等一作主语例如做医生很难学好英语句子的后部例如上面的句子可以表示为如果动词不定式的动作是谁做的可以在动词不定式前面加一个由介词引导的短语称为不定式的复合结构例对我们来说每天早晨大声读英语是很有益的对学生来说每天使用英语是很重要的二作表不定式短语可以放在一些动词后面用作宾语能以动词不定式作宾语的动词有等例他们每天早晨点开始工作明天和我们一起去野餐好吗如果连接两个动词不定式第二个动词不定式一般省例他想和我们一起去游泳若作宾语的动词不定式学习必备 欢迎下载 in words 用语言 have a word wi
45、th sb.与某人谈话 have words with 与某人争吵 练习选用短语并用恰当的形式填空。1)She has a good handwriting,and is good at writing articles._,she is a qualified secretary.2)The beauty of sunset can not be described _.3)The person who _my father is one of my relatives.4)The couple _ each other in the street ignoring the eyes of
46、passers-by.cut out 切掉,删掉 cut down砍倒;削减,压缩 cut up 切破碎 cut off 切断,停掉;隔绝,挡住 典例 1)I cut this article out of the newspaper.我从报纸上剪下了这篇文章。2)Deserts are also created because people cut down trees and dig up grass.由于人们砍树挖草导致了沙漠的产生。3)The flood cut off their supplies.洪水切断了他们的供养。练习用恰当的介词填空。1)I would cut _ the b
47、it about working as a waitress.2)The car industry cut _ production.3)The woodchopper cut _ the tree and cut it _.out of breath 上气不接下气 hold ones breath 屏息 catch ones breath松一口气 take a deep breath深深地吸了一口气 out of control 失控 out of sight看不见 out of order 坏了 out of reach够不着 make fun of 取笑 have fun with sb
48、.(和某人在一起)娱乐，开心 for fun 为了快乐，闹着玩地 play a joke on sb.开某人的玩笑 play a trick on sb.捉弄某人 all the best一切顺利 at(the)best至多，充其量也不过 do ones best竭尽全力 make the best of 最有效地利用 best of all尤其,特别 all in all 总而言之 in all 总共 at all 根本 after all 毕竟；别忘了（放句首时）above all 最重要 first of all 首先 【练习】选择 all in all/in all/at all/af
49、ter all/above all 或 first of all 并用其适当的形式填空 1)Dont blame him too much._,he is a small child.2)According to the survey,_ there are nearly one million people in this small city out of work during the economic crisis.式其结构为动词原形其中不是介词而是动词不定式的符号称为小品词动词不定式没有人称和数的变化动词不定式和其后面的名词等构成不定式短语在句子中可以用作主语表语宾语补足语定语状语等
50、一作主语例如做医生很难学好英语句子的后部例如上面的句子可以表示为如果动词不定式的动作是谁做的可以在动词不定式前面加一个由介词引导的短语称为不定式的复合结构例对我们来说每天早晨大声读英语是很有益的对学生来说每天使用英语是很重要的二作表不定式短语可以放在一些动词后面用作宾语能以动词不定式作宾语的动词有等例他们每天早晨点开始工作明天和我们一起去野餐好吗如果连接两个动词不定式第二个动词不定式一般省例他想和我们一起去游泳若作宾语的动词不定式学习必备 欢迎下载 3)I am glad to join you in this game,but _ please allow me to introduce m