高考英语考前语法精讲精练代词中学教育高考英语_中学教育-高考.pdf

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1、学习必备 欢迎下载 代 词 代词是语法结构中的重要一环,代词是用来起替代作用的。经常出现在高考试题中的代词有:人称代词、物主代词、反身代词,指示代词、疑问代词和不定代词等。近几年来对代词的考查比较多,代词的漏用、误用;各种人称代词的主格、宾格形式;某些不定代词、指示代词的特定用法;it 的用法;从句中连接代词用法、关系代词的用法及区别等是高考的热点。非常明显,近五年代词的考查点集中在不定代词及指示代词上,考查角度有两个:一是考查它们相互间的意义和功能差别,如:a11,everything 和 anything 等的意义差别.it that 和one 不同的指代功能;二是它们之间语法特征的差异,

2、如 it(代词)和 which(关系代词)的区别。试题注重了情景干扰,注重了特定语言环境中上下文的联系,而且题干的语义结构越来越复杂,正确分析其结构、理解句意在解题中起着很重要的作用。it 的用法考查着重在其作形式宾语或形式主语上,另外一些特定的句型结构也该引起注意,如强调句型以及前面提到的有关句型。再就是要注意 it 和定语从句中关系代词 which引导非限制性定词从句代替主句一句话的意思时的区别。应试高分瓶颈 首先要从整体上把握代词的知识,如代词种类的划分:人称代词;物主代词:形容词性物主代词,如 your;名词性物主代词,如 y。urs;反身代词;相互代词;指示代词;不定代词;疑问代词;

3、连接代词(名词性从句);关系代词(定语从句)。了解各类代词的一般用法,更重要的是,根据上面所介绍的高考热点,要重点掌握几组易混词,尤其是不定代词的用法区别。不定代词在具体语境中的区别:部分否定与完全否定的区别;特指与泛指;两者与三者或以上;人称代词与关系代词的区别。做题的关键在于分析透句子的结构,理解语境的要求,达到正确交际目的。命题点 1 物主代词 命题点 2 指示代词 命题点 3 疑问代词 命题点 1 物主代词 本类考题解答锦囊 物主代词可分为形容词性和名词性。形容词性:my,your,hiS,her,its,our,your,their 名词性:mine,yours,hiS,hers,i

4、tS,ours,yours,theirs 用法:形容词性物主代词作定语;名词性物主代词作主语、宾语和表语。如:He is my teacher(宾语)一 Whose book is this?一 Its mine(表语)Ive finished my homework Have you finished yours?(宾语)He is and old friend of mine(介词宾语)例:ThereatthedoorstoodagirlabouttheSalveheieht_.A.asme B.as mine C.with mine D.with me 【解 析】根据语境,本题要考的是物

5、主代词的用法。thesame 常用 as 连用,表示“与相同”,所比较的是某人的身高,用名词性物主代词 mine 【答 案】B 命题目的与解题技巧:解答本题的关键是习语及代词的宾格和名词性物主代词的区别。命题点 2 指示代词 本类考题解答锦囊 学习必备 欢迎下载 指示代词有 this,that,these,those,等。this,that,these,those 的用法:(1)在句中作主语、宾语、表语和定语。如:This is my pen(主语)Do you want this?(宾语)That book is mine(宾语)What I want is this?(表语)(2)this

6、(these)一般用来指时间和空间上较近的人或物;而 that(those)常指时间和空间上较远的人或物。如:This isa penand that is a pencil These days we are very busy (3)this(there)一般指后面要讲到的事物;而 that(those)常指前面讲过的事物。如:What he told me is this:he wanted to go to Beijing He didnt comeThat is why he didn t know (4)that(those)常用来指前面提到过的名词。如:This books is

7、 not so interesting as that I read yesterday(that 代替 the book)例:(典型例题 Equipped with modem facilities,todays libraries differ greatly from_.A.those B.the past athe past CwhichOf the past D.these past 【解 析】those 在句子中指上文提到的图书馆,those of the past 指过去的图书馆,the past 和 which othe past 都不正确。【答 案】A 命题目的与解题技巧:解

8、答本题的关键是语境以及四个选项的具体意义。命题点 3 疑问代词 本类考题解答锦囊 常用的疑问代词有 who,whom,whose,whoever,which,whichever,what,whatever 疑问代词一般放在句首,用来构成特殊疑问句,可用作主语、宾语、表语和定语。疑问代词的用法比较 (1)which 和 what 的区别:两者均可就人或物提问,但 which 一般用于有选择范围的情况,what 用于无选择范围或不清楚选择范围的情况。(2)who 和 whom 的区别:who 通常作主语和表语,whom 作宾语,但在口语中,该用“whom”的地方常用“who”代替,前面有介词的例外

9、。(3)who 与 what 的区别:who 多指姓名、关系等,what 多指职业、地位等。高考最新热门题 1.(典型例题 I intended to compare notes with a friend,but unfortunately_couldnt spare me even one minute.A.they B.one C.who D.it 命题目的与解题技巧:该题考查代词的和法。【解 析】从句子结构上,可排除选项 C;从代词的意义上可排除 D;根据前半句的意思,句中的 a friend 指任意一个朋友,可理解为 a friend of mine,而后半句意指“我”这些朋友们,为

10、复数,故答案选 A.【答 案】A 称代词物主代词反身代词指示代词疑问代词和不定代词等近几年来对代词的考查比较多代词的漏用误用各种人称代词的主格宾格形式某些不定代词指示代词的特定用法的用法从句中连接代词用法关系代词的用法及区别等是高考的热差别如和等的意义差别和不同的指代功能二是它们之间语法特征的差异如代词和关系代词的区别试题注重了情景干扰注重了特定语言环境中上下文的联系而且题干的语义结构越来越复杂正分析其结构理解句意在解题中起着很重要的到的有关句型再就是要注意和定语从句中关系代词引导非限制性定词从句代替主句一句话的意思时的区别应试高分瓶颈首先要从整体上把握代词的知识如代词种类的划分人称代词物主代

11、词形容词性物主代词如名词性物主代词如反身学习必备 欢迎下载 2.(典型例题)-One weeks time has been wasted.-I cant believe we did all that work for_.A.something B.nothing C.everything D.anything 答案:B 指导:由 One weeks time has been wasted 可知我们一无所获。因此 B 为正确答案。3.(典型例题 She doesnt know anyone here.She has got_to talk to.A.anyone B.someone C.e

12、veryone D.no one 答案:D 指导:根据前面一句的意思,没有一个认识的人,为全否定,那么,后一句也应是全否定,故答案选 D.4.(典型例题)-ich of the three ways shall I take to the village?-_way as you please.A.Each B.Every C.Any D.Either C 指导:根据上下句的意思,这里含有选择的意思,因此,排除 A、B;选项 C 表示在三者或三者以上中选择其一;而选项D 表示在二者中选择其一。根据句子的意思,答案选 C 5.(典型例题)I will never know what was on

13、 his mind at the time,nor will_.A.anyone B.anyone else C.no one D.no one else 答案:B 指导:首先根据句子间的连接词 nor 排除 C、D;选项 A 包括 A 包括说话者本人,根据上句的意思需排除,以免重复;选项 B 指除说话者以外的人,符合句子意思,因此答案选 B.题点经典类型题 1.(典型例题 We needed a new cupboard for the kitchen.SO Peter made_from some wood we had.A.it B.one C.himself D.another 命题目

14、的与解题技巧:该题考查代词。【解 析】由题意可知,因为我们需要一个新的,所以 Peter 就做了一个新。one 表前面提到的同一类人或事物,it 则指同一物,another 指在原来的基础上加外的.因此本题答案应选 B。【答 案】B 2.(典型例题)_can help but be attracted by the science stories.A.Everybody B.Anybody C.Somebody D.Nobody 答案:D 指导:没有人不被这些科普故事吸引的。nobody but 为关键结构。“cantcouldnthe lpbut do sth”means 3.(典型例题测)

15、_happened to be out that day,so you didnt find me.A.It B.This C.You D.I 答案:D 指导:I happened to be outIt happened that I was out“那天碰巧我不在”。4.(O5,全国领航)-I saw no more than one motor car in that shop.Will you go and buy_?-No,Id rather find_in other shops.A.one;one B.it;it C.one;it D.it;one 答案:D 指导:no more

16、 than one motorcar 表示“只有一部车”,只能买那一部,故第一空填it;第二空表泛指同类中的一个,故用 one 5.(典型例题研)He was a man of strong feelings,_normally lay hidden deep inside him.A.it B.that C.those D.which 答案:D 指导:which 引导非限制性定语从句,指代前边一句话。本题涉及句法知误简单句、并列句、复合句。比如:He has two daughtersTheyare 称代词物主代词反身代词指示代词疑问代词和不定代词等近几年来对代词的考查比较多代词的漏用误用各

17、种人称代词的主格宾格形式某些不定代词指示代词的特定用法的用法从句中连接代词用法关系代词的用法及区别等是高考的热差别如和等的意义差别和不同的指代功能二是它们之间语法特征的差异如代词和关系代词的区别试题注重了情景干扰注重了特定语言环境中上下文的联系而且题干的语义结构越来越复杂正分析其结构理解句意在解题中起着很重要的到的有关句型再就是要注意和定语从句中关系代词引导非限制性定词从句代替主句一句话的意思时的区别应试高分瓶颈首先要从整体上把握代词的知识如代词种类的划分人称代词物主代词形容词性物主代词如名词性物主代词如反身学习必备 欢迎下载 doctors(简单句)He has two daughters

18、and they are doctors(并列句)He has two daughterswhoaredoctors(复合句)新高考命题探究 1.Teenagers are warned to be careful when making friends online,because when you cant see a person,they could be_.A.everybody B.somebody C.anybody D.nobody 答案:C 指导:网上交友要小心,“因为当你看不到那一个人时,他可能是任何一个人”,指任何情况都可能发生。2.No agreement was re

19、ached in the discussion as neither side would give way to _ A.the other B.another C.any other D.other 答案:A 指导:“讨论没有最终达成一致意见,因为双方都不愿向对方让步。”3.Clothing made of man-made fibers has certain advantages over_ made of natural fibers like cotton,woolon,silk.A.the ones B.one C.that D.what 答案:C 指导:“人造纤维做成的衣服比用

20、棉毛丝做成的衣服有着明显的优势。”在对比结构中,that 指代前文中的不可数名词 clothing,the one(ones)或 those 指代可数名词。4.All his life_ had been his fate to be busy with things without any hobbies to kill time.A.it B.he C.that D.which 答案:A 指导:allhislife 作时间状语,it 作形式主语指代后面的不定式短语。5.If I were you,I would take it easy;_is no need to be nervous.

21、A.it B.this C.there D.which 答案:C 指导:thereisnoneed 为常用句式。在 therebe 结构中,后跟名词,在 it is 结构中跟形容词,两者意义相似。6.The thought flashed across my mind:By some means or_she has some information about my engagement,but how?A.others B.other C.the others D.another 答案:B 指导:by some means or other 常用短语“想尽办法”,some other 探究

22、性命题综合测试 考场热身 1.-How do you like it_ here so far,Mr.Cox?-Well,Ive really enjoyed meeting many nice people here and everything here is quite different.A.it B.them C.that D.this 答案:A 指导:构成固定说法,“无具体含义。2.Im not a painter,and to me,one painting is much like_ A.one B.the other 称代词物主代词反身代词指示代词疑问代词和不定代词等近几年来

23、对代词的考查比较多代词的漏用误用各种人称代词的主格宾格形式某些不定代词指示代词的特定用法的用法从句中连接代词用法关系代词的用法及区别等是高考的热差别如和等的意义差别和不同的指代功能二是它们之间语法特征的差异如代词和关系代词的区别试题注重了情景干扰注重了特定语言环境中上下文的联系而且题干的语义结构越来越复杂正分析其结构理解句意在解题中起着很重要的到的有关句型再就是要注意和定语从句中关系代词引导非限制性定词从句代替主句一句话的意思时的区别应试高分瓶颈首先要从整体上把握代词的知识如代词种类的划分人称代词物主代词形容词性物主代词如名词性物主代词如反身学习必备 欢迎下载 C.others D.anoth

24、er 答案:D 指导:自己不是画家,所以一幅画与另一幅画基本一样,看不出区别,此外表示不确定的另外一个,所以 B 项不对,因为它表示剩下的唯一一个。3.It is one thing to make a promise,but it is quite_to carry it out.A.other thing B.the other C.others D.another 答案:D 指导:onething 与 quiteanother 形成对应说法,后者意为“(完全不同的)另二回事。”4.Science is more than a collection of unrelated facts;t

25、o be meaningful and valuable,_ must be arranged to show generalized character.A.which B.it C.those D.they 答案:D 指导:代替前面的 facts,因为句中用了分号,所以此处不能构成定语从句,A 不对。5.David has lived in London and Manchester,but he doesns like_city very much.A.both B.either C.each D.another 答案:B 指导:意为“对这两个城市都不太喜欢。”全部否定,若选 A 则构成

26、部分否定。6.She won the first prize,though_ of us it.A.no one;expected B.none;had expected C.nobody;was expecting D.none;would expect 答案:B 指导:It one 及 nobody 后不可跟 of 短语;D 项中第二空时态有误,故只有 B 正确,“期望”应发生在“赢得”之前。7.-Some young people today seem to believe in_ more than fashion and pop music.-I agree.But they sho

27、uld seek after elegant taste.A.not B.nothing C.nobody D.none 答案:B 指导:nothingmorethan 在此相当于 noting out 或 only 8.All his life_ had been his fate to be very busy doing things without any hobbies to kill time.A.he B.that C.whic h D.it 答案:D 指导:it 在此为形式主语,真正的主语为后面的不定式。其他各项都不具备此语法功能。9.The book is _boring;i

28、t is,in fact,rather exciting and fascinating.A.anything but B.nothing but C.no more D.all but 答案:A 指导:anything but 意为“一点也不”。nothing but 意为“正是、只是”。allbut意为“只有”。It more 意为“不再”。10.Professor Zhang gave all the textbooks to all the pupils,except_who had already taken them.A.these B.ones C.the ones D.the

29、others 答案:C 指导:those who 意为“的人”,由此可排除 A 项。句中出现了 a11thepupils,称代词物主代词反身代词指示代词疑问代词和不定代词等近几年来对代词的考查比较多代词的漏用误用各种人称代词的主格宾格形式某些不定代词指示代词的特定用法的用法从句中连接代词用法关系代词的用法及区别等是高考的热差别如和等的意义差别和不同的指代功能二是它们之间语法特征的差异如代词和关系代词的区别试题注重了情景干扰注重了特定语言环境中上下文的联系而且题干的语义结构越来越复杂正分析其结构理解句意在解题中起着很重要的到的有关句型再就是要注意和定语从句中关系代词引导非限制性定词从句代替主句一

30、句话的意思时的区别应试高分瓶颈首先要从整体上把握代词的知识如代词种类的划分人称代词物主代词形容词性物主代词如名词性物主代词如反身学习必备 欢迎下载 由此可知题意为“除去的学生”,故 D 项排除。ones 表泛指,theones 表特指。命题点 5 代词 本类考题解答锦囊 1人称代词应注意:不能错用格式上下文单复数一致。2指示代词应注意。this,that 指单数,these,those 表示复数。this,that 可作副词用,意思相当于 soSuch,same 多用于固定结构,例如 Suchasthat,the sameasthat 3关系代词不能跟关系副词混在一起。4熟记常用的不定代词,如

31、 one,a11,both,either,neither,each,many,mach,little,few,other,another,something,nothing 等,并注意以下几点:这些词本身不同的意思。若在定语从句中做先行词,关系代词应用 that something,anything,nothing 常看作单数,代词用 it 修饰他们的形容词应后置。高考最新热门题 1.(NMET20 典型例题 d every year more and more people start a stamp collection of your own【答案】将 your 改为 theirthei

32、r 指上方中的 people 命题目的与解题技巧:此题考查代词的基本用法。代词表语言中使用极为频繁,它的用法看似简单,其实不易,在处理此类题时,一定要根据特定语言环境中上下文的联系排除干扰,正确分析句子结构,理解句意。2.(NMET 20 典型例题 For example,you can find such information like how to kill people.答案:1ikeas,suell as 像 样。3.(典型例题 At once I apologized and controlled me at my best till the dinner started.答案:m

33、emyself.宾语应用反身代词。4.(NMET 20 典型例题 main problem was that I always thought in Chinese and tried to translate anything into English.答案:anythingeverything tried to translate eveything into English把一切都翻译成英语。anything 用于肯定句时,意思是“任一(个)”。题点经典类型题 1.(典型例题)Sometimes I even coant to kill me indeed.【答案】memyself,ki

34、ll myself 自杀 2.(典型例题断)To his surprise,Li Ping found the old man waiting ron her.答案:hisherLi Ping 是个女孩。3.(典型例题)There have always been p eople have looked ron adventure.答案:在 people 后加 who,关系代词 who 引导一个定语从句修饰 people 4.(典型例题附中模拟)Other renson lies in studentsbad habits.答案:OtherAmtherothen 后面跟复数,another 后

35、面跟单数表示不确定的另一个。新高考命题探究 1.代词 (1)My father asked Tom and I to help.答案:I 改为 me作宾语用宾格。(2)If you meet Jack or Tom,tell them to call me.答案:them 改为 himhim 与前面 Jack or Tom 一致。称代词物主代词反身代词指示代词疑问代词和不定代词等近几年来对代词的考查比较多代词的漏用误用各种人称代词的主格宾格形式某些不定代词指示代词的特定用法的用法从句中连接代词用法关系代词的用法及区别等是高考的热差别如和等的意义差别和不同的指代功能二是它们之间语法特征的差异如代

36、词和关系代词的区别试题注重了情景干扰注重了特定语言环境中上下文的联系而且题干的语义结构越来越复杂正分析其结构理解句意在解题中起着很重要的到的有关句型再就是要注意和定语从句中关系代词引导非限制性定词从句代替主句一句话的意思时的区别应试高分瓶颈首先要从整体上把握代词的知识如代词种类的划分人称代词物主代词形容词性物主代词如名词性物主代词如反身学习必备 欢迎下载(3)h was me who cleaned the classroom this morning.答案:me 改为 l 被强调部分为主语 I.(4)I heard that Mr.Wu would teach our English thi

37、s term.答案:our 改为 usteachsbsth(5)I found that d ifficult to speak in front of so many people.答案:that 改为 it,it 作形式宾语,that 不能。(6)If anyone happened to call while I am out of the offlee,please have them leave a message for me.答案:them 改为 him 或 her;与前面的 anyone 一致。(7)This isnt your book.Your is on the desk

38、.答案:Your 改为 Yours名词性的物主代词作主语。(8)This book is my sisters,but that one is not her.答案:her 改为 hershers 名词性物主代词,相当于 herbook(9)I have a black bike and a red.答案:red 后加 oneone 代替 bike(10)Nobody of the girls came on the trip.答案:Nobody 改为 Nonenobody 后不接 Of 短语;可以说none of ”(11)My parents were all at home yester

39、day evening.答案:a11 改为 bothboth,两个都。(12)The wounded soldier lived for other five days.答案:other 改为 another另外五天,再有五天:anotherfivedays 或 fivemore otherdays(13)There is so little left that I cant spare you one.答案:one 改为 anyany 指代不可数名词。(14)I invited Bill and Tom to my birthday party,but none of them came.答

40、案:none 改为 neithernone 指三者或三者以上都不;neither 两个都不。(15)Some people like to stay watching TV at home,while other like to go to the cinema.答案:other 改为 othersothers 另外一些;some people ,others “一些人,另一些人”。(16)Please help you to some fish.答案:you 改为 yourselfhelp oneself to 自己拿取吃。(17)Open the door,please.This is m

41、e.答案:This 改为 ItItsme是我。h 指双方心目中所指的那个人。(18)Neighbours ought to respect each another.答案:another 改为 othereach other 相互;或 each 改为 one,one anothereach other(19)Every a few weeks he pays a visit to his aunt.答案:去掉第一个 a.every few weeks 每几周。(20)That was not until eleven oclock that I finished my work last ni

42、ght.答案:That 改为 II 强调句式用“hiswas that ”2.定语从句 (1)The book I need it is not in the library.答案:去掉 iI(thatwhich)Ineed 是一个定语从句,need 后 it 多余。(2)This was all which Oxford had to offer.答案:which 改为 that 先行词是不定代词时,其后用 that 引导定语从句。(3)Is this the restaurant in where you work?称代词物主代词反身代词指示代词疑问代词和不定代词等近几年来对代词的考查比较

43、多代词的漏用误用各种人称代词的主格宾格形式某些不定代词指示代词的特定用法的用法从句中连接代词用法关系代词的用法及区别等是高考的热差别如和等的意义差别和不同的指代功能二是它们之间语法特征的差异如代词和关系代词的区别试题注重了情景干扰注重了特定语言环境中上下文的联系而且题干的语义结构越来越复杂正分析其结构理解句意在解题中起着很重要的到的有关句型再就是要注意和定语从句中关系代词引导非限制性定词从句代替主句一句话的意思时的区别应试高分瓶颈首先要从整体上把握代词的知识如代词种类的划分人称代词物主代词形容词性物主代词如名词性物主代词如反身学习必备 欢迎下载 答案:去掉介词 in 或将 where 改为 w

44、hichwhereinwhich 引导定语从句。(4)It is known to all,Taiwan belongs to China.答案:It 改为 AsAs isknownt。a11 是一个非限制性的定语从句,as 指代 Taiwan 整句的内容。(5)That is one of those books that is worth reading.答案:第二个 is 改为 arethat 指先行词 thosebooks(6)Paris is the place where Id better visit first.答案:where 改为 whichthat 或将 where 去掉

45、。which 或 that 在定语从句中作 visit 的宾语。(7)Do you work near the building which color is white?答案:which 改为 whosewhose 引导定语从句,指某人的或某物的。(8)Last night I took a taxi,and which took me straight home.答案:去掉 and定语从句与主句之间不用 and 连接。(9)China has hundreds of islands,the largest of them is Taiwan.答案:them 改为 which后面是一个非限制

46、性的定语从句;或在 the 前加 and,后面是一个并列分句。(10)He is the only one of those students who are able to read in English.答案:are 改为 iswho 引导的定语从句修饰 one,因为 one 前有 theonly修饰。称代词物主代词反身代词指示代词疑问代词和不定代词等近几年来对代词的考查比较多代词的漏用误用各种人称代词的主格宾格形式某些不定代词指示代词的特定用法的用法从句中连接代词用法关系代词的用法及区别等是高考的热差别如和等的意义差别和不同的指代功能二是它们之间语法特征的差异如代词和关系代词的区别试题注重了情景干扰注重了特定语言环境中上下文的联系而且题干的语义结构越来越复杂正分析其结构理解句意在解题中起着很重要的到的有关句型再就是要注意和定语从句中关系代词引导非限制性定词从句代替主句一句话的意思时的区别应试高分瓶颈首先要从整体上把握代词的知识如代词种类的划分人称代词物主代词形容词性物主代词如名词性物主代词如反身

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