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1、学习必备 欢迎下载 过去完成时 注意：过去完成时表示过去某一时间或某一动作之前已经发生或完成的动作，动作发生的时间是过去的过去.它是一个相对的时态，只有在和过去某个时间或动作相比较时才会用到。E.g.By the end of the match，they had kicked two goals.We had already had lunch before we arrived there.其结构是had+过去分词.它的否定句是在 had后边加 not，变一般疑问句是把 had提前。E.g.I had reached the station before 9：00 oclock.I had
2、 not reached the station before 9：00 oclock.Had you reached the station before 9：00 oclock？它通常和 before，by the end of 等引导的表示过去的时间状语连用。1.由时间状语来判定 一般说来，各种时态都有特定的时间状语。与过去完成时连用的时间状语有：（1）by+过去的时间点。如：I had finished reading the novel by nine oclock last night.（2）by the end of+过去的时间点。如：We had learned over tw
3、o thousand English words by the end of last term.（3）before+过去的时间点。如：They had planted six hundred trees before last Wednesday.2.由“过去的过去”来判定。过去完成时表示“过去的过去”，是指过去某一动作之前已经发生或完成的动作，即动作有先后关系，动作在前的用过去完成时，在后的用一般过去时。这种用法常出现在：（1）宾语从句中 当宾语从句的主句为一般过去时，且从句的动作先于主句的动作时，从句要用过去完成时。在 told,said,knew,heard,thought 等动词后的
4、宾语从句。如：She said that she had seen the film before.（2）状语从句中 在时间、条件、原因、方式等状语从句中，主、从句的动作发生有先后关系，动作在前的，要用过去完成时，动作在后的要用一般过去时。如：After he had finished his homework,he went to bed.注意：before,after 引导的时间状语从句中，由于 before 和 after 本身已表达了动作的先后关系，若主、从句表示的动作紧密相连，则主、从句都用一般过去时。如：After he closed the door,he left the cl
5、assroom.（3）表示意向的动词，如 hope,wish,expect,think,intend,mean,suppose等，用过去完成时表示原本，未能 We had hoped that you would come,but you didnt.3.根据上、下文来判定。I met Wang Tao in the street yesterday.We hadnt seen each other since he went to Beijing.单项选择 1He asked me _ during the summer holidays.A.where I had been B.where
6、 I had gone C.where had I been D.where had I gone 2.What _ Jane _ by the time he was sever?A.did,do B.has,done C did,did.D.had,done 3.I _ 900 English words by the time I was ten。A.learned B.was learning C.had learned D.learnt 4.She _lived here for _ years.A.had,a few B.has,several C.had,a lot of D.h
7、as,a great deal of 5.By the time my parents reached home yesterday,I _ the dinner already.学习必备 欢迎下载 A had cooked B.cooked C.have cooked D.was cooked 6.She said she _ the principle already A.has seen B.saw C.will see D.had seen 7.She said her family _ themselves _ the army during the war.A.has hidden
8、,from B.had hidden,from C.has hidden,with D.had hidden,with 8.By the time he was ten years old,he _.A.has completed university B.has completed the university B.had completed an university D.had completed university 9.She had written a number of books _ the end of last year.A.for B.in C.by D.at 10.He
9、 _ to play _ before he was 11 years old.A had learned,piano B.had learned,the piano C.has learned,the piano D.learns,piano.用动词的适当形式填空 1.We _(paint)the house before we _(move)in.2.That rich old man _(make)a will before he _(die).3.They _(study)the map of the country before they _(leave).4.The robbers
10、 _(run away)before the policemen _ (arrive).5.I _(turn off)all the lights before I _(go)to bed.6.Paul _(go)out with Jane after he _(make)a phone call.虚拟语气 虚拟语气表示一种假设的情况，或一种主观的愿望，即动词所表示的动作或状态并非事实，或不可能实现。英语虚拟语气的形式有下列几种：一、与现在事实相反 连接词 条件从句 结果从句 If 1.动词过去式(或 were)2.助动词（过去式）+动词原形 Should Would +动词原形 could
11、might If had the time,John would make a trip to China to see the Great Wall.If I were you,I would give up drinking immediately.二.与将来事实相反 连接词 条件从句 结果从句 If 1.should+动词原形 2.动词过去式 3、were to+动词原形 Should Would +动词原形 could might If you should lose,what would you do?If I were to see her tomorrow,I would tel
12、l her the truth.If you went there next time,you would see what I mean.三、与过去事实相反 连接词 条件从句 结果从句 If had+过去分词 Should Would +have+过去分词 could 的时间是过去的过去它是一个相对的时态只有在和过去某个时间或动作相比较时才会用到其结构是过去分词它的否定句是在后边加变一般疑问句是把提前它通常和等引导的表示过去的时间状语连用由时间状语来判定一般说来各种时过去来判定过去完成时表示过去的过去是指过去某一动作之前已经发生或完成的动作即动作有先后关系动作在前的用过去完成时在后的用一般过
13、去时这种用法常出现在宾语从句中当宾语从句的主句为一般过去时且从句的动作先于主动作发生有先后关系动作在前的要用过去完成时动作在后的要用一般过去时如注意引导的时间状语从句中由于和本身已表达了动作的先后关系若主从句表示的动作紧密相连则主从句都用一般过去时如表示意向的动词如等用过去完成学习必备 欢迎下载 might If Id known that it wa s going to rain,I would never have gone for a walk in the country.四、虚拟语气的几种特殊用法 省掉 if 的条件从句结构：Had you asked me,I would hav
14、e told you.(=If you had asked me,)2.有时虚拟条件不用条件从句而用不定式、分词、介词、名词、连接词或定语从句来表示，如：A true friend would not do such a thing.(=If he were a true friend,he.)(=If there were no water,)(=If you hadnt helped me,)3.有时条件从句中的动作和结果从句中的动作发生的时间不一致，如：If he had followed the doctors advice,he would be quite all right no
15、w.If I were you,I would have gone home.五、虚拟语气的其他用法 1、Suggest,advise 等动词之后宾语从句须用虚拟语气，其句子结构如下：suggest,advise,recommend,demand,require,insist,urge,request,order,+that(should)+动词原形 decide,ask,move,propose 等 注意：在此结构中 that 不可省略；should 省不省均可。He suggested that they(should)stop smoking.上述动词的名词形式出现时，that 引导的从
16、句仍用虚拟语气。He made a request that they(should)stop smoking.如果 that 引导的从句所表达的内容是事实，也可用陈述语气。He insists that he is right.2、It is(was)+necessary,a pity 等+that 引导的从句须用虚拟语气，其句子结构如下：imperative,advisable,动词完成式 It is(was)+important,natural,necessary,+that(should)+essential,strange,等 动词原形 It is important that yo
17、u(should)follow the doctors orders.It is right that you should have done your homework.3、wish 的用法 动词过去式或 were与现在事实相反 主语+wish(that)+主语 +动词过去完成式与过去事实相反 助动词过去试+动词原形与将来事实相反 I wish I were a pop singer.(=I am sorry I am not a pop singer.)I wish I had never stopped teaching.(=I am sorry I stopped teaching.
18、)I wish theyd let us get some sleep.注意：wish 与 hope 接宾语从句的区别在于：hope 表示一般可以实现的希望，宾语从句用陈述语气。wish 表示很难或不大可能实现的希望,宾语从句用虚拟语气。试比较：（1）We hope they will come,(We dont know if they can come.)（2）We wish they could come,(We know they are not coming.)4、as if,as though,would(had)rather(that)引导的从句须用虚拟语气，如：He acts
19、as if nothing had happened.I would rather you didnt tell him.5、Its(high)time that+动词过去式或 should+动词原形，如：Its time(that)you had a hair cut.Its high time(that)we took some action.的时间是过去的过去它是一个相对的时态只有在和过去某个时间或动作相比较时才会用到其结构是过去分词它的否定句是在后边加变一般疑问句是把提前它通常和等引导的表示过去的时间状语连用由时间状语来判定一般说来各种时过去来判定过去完成时表示过去的过去是指过去某一动
20、作之前已经发生或完成的动作即动作有先后关系动作在前的用过去完成时在后的用一般过去时这种用法常出现在宾语从句中当宾语从句的主句为一般过去时且从句的动作先于主动作发生有先后关系动作在前的要用过去完成时动作在后的要用一般过去时如注意引导的时间状语从句中由于和本身已表达了动作的先后关系若主从句表示的动作紧密相连则主从句都用一般过去时如表示意向的动词如等用过去完成学习必备 欢迎下载 虚拟语气用在主语从句中 It is demanded/necessary/a pity+that 等结构的主语从句，谓语动词用 should 加动词原形，should 可省略。It is 可用的词有三类 that（shoul
21、d）do suggested,ordered,required,proposed,demanded,requested,insisted等 important,necessary,natural,imperative,strange 等 a pity,a shame,no wonder 等 虚拟语气用在同位语从句中。某些表示建议、请求、命令等主观意向的名词后同位语从句需用虚拟语气，其表达形式为(should)动词原形。这类名词常见的有：advice，suggestion，proposal（提议），order，demand，desire，request，requirement，recommend
22、ation（推荐），plan，resolution（决议），idea 等。eg.We are all for your proposal that the discussion(should)be put off 虚拟语气用在表语从句中。某些表示建议、请求、命令等主观意向的名词作主语时，表语从句需用虚拟语气，其表达形式为(should)动词原形。这类名词常见的有：advice，suggestion，proposal，order，demand，desire，request，requirement，recommendation 以及 plan，idea，resolution 等。eg.My sug
23、gestion is that the mayor(should)present the prizes.虚拟语气用在定语从句中 It is（about high）time that sb.did sth/should do sth.eg.Dont you think its about time we went home？注：在 this is the first time second time that 句型中，从句中谓语动词用陈述语气完成时态。eg.Is this the first time that you have visited Hongkong？虚拟语气用在让步、方式、目的状语
24、从句中 1在带有 even if/even though 引导的让步状语从句的主从复合句中，主句和从句都用虚拟语气，动词形式与含有非真实条件句的虚拟语气相同。如:Even if he had been ill,he would have gone to his office.即使生了病，他俩去办公室。2 由 as if 或 as though 引导的状语从句表示比较或方式时。从句谓语形式为动词的过去式(be 用 were)或“had 十过去分词”。如:He treated me as if I were a stranger.他那样对待我，好像我是陌生人似的。She talked about
25、the film as if she had really seen it.她谈论那部影片，就好像她确实看过一样。3虚拟语气用在 lest（唯恐、免得），for fear that 及 in case 引导的目的状语从句中。在由 lest 等引导的目的状语从句中需用虚拟语气，表示“以防，以免”等意思，其谓语动词多由 should 动词原形构成，should 也可省略。eg.He was punished lest he should make the same mistake again 虚拟语气用情感语言中 1虚拟语气在表示客气、遗憾以及祝愿等场合中，使用虚拟语气。eg.You should
26、nt have been following him so closely；you should have kept your distance 2If only sb./sth.+时态后退型的谓语 eg.If only I had known the result of the examination.虚拟语气专项练习 1-Will you come to the party?-_ you also invite Blade.A.Why not B.Only if C.If not D.When 2If I _ you,I _ go there.A.is;will B.is;would C.
27、were;would D.was;will 3If it rain tomorrow，Well go on a trip.A.isnt B.doesnt C.wont 4I dont know if he _tomorrow.A.Will come B.comes C.came D.has come 5The headmaster with his students Hangzhou Paradise Park if it tomorrow.A.is going to;isnt rainy B.are going to;isnt rainy C.is going to;wont rain D.
28、are going to;doesnt rain 6If I _ a million dollars,I would give it to medical research.A.will have B.have C.had D.am having 的时间是过去的过去它是一个相对的时态只有在和过去某个时间或动作相比较时才会用到其结构是过去分词它的否定句是在后边加变一般疑问句是把提前它通常和等引导的表示过去的时间状语连用由时间状语来判定一般说来各种时过去来判定过去完成时表示过去的过去是指过去某一动作之前已经发生或完成的动作即动作有先后关系动作在前的用过去完成时在后的用一般过去时这种用法常出现在宾语
29、从句中当宾语从句的主句为一般过去时且从句的动作先于主动作发生有先后关系动作在前的要用过去完成时动作在后的要用一般过去时如注意引导的时间状语从句中由于和本身已表达了动作的先后关系若主从句表示的动作紧密相连则主从句都用一般过去时如表示意向的动词如等用过去完成学习必备 欢迎下载 7If I _ you,I would say another student could do it better.A.was B.were C.were D.are 8What would you do if you the lottery?I give half of the money to charities.A.
30、win,will B.win,would C.won,will D.won,would 9I am too busy now.If I_ free,I _to the cinema with you.A.am;will go B.am;would go C.were;would go D.was;was going 10What_ you do if you had a million dollars?A.would B.will C.did D.do 11 Im going to Larrys party.But I dont know what to wear.If I _ you,I _
31、 wear a dress.A.am;will B.were;will C.were;would D.am;would 12If I _ you,I _ be afraid.Awas,wouldnt B were,wont Cwere,wouldnt 13 If I _Alice,I _them the truth.A.was,would tell B.were,would tell C.am,will tell D.is,will tell 14-If I_ one million dollars,I would give it to medical research.-If I _ you
32、,I would give it to charity.A.will have,am B.would have,was C.had,were D.have,is 15If I _ you,I would _ my homework myself.A.was;did B.am;do C.were;do D.is;did Translation 翻译 1.我不知道他的电话号码，否则我就打电话给他了。2.他本可以给你更多的帮助，即使他很忙。3.-如果可能的话你会不会打电话给他？-会的，不过我当时在忙着做家庭作业呢。的时间是过去的过去它是一个相对的时态只有在和过去某个时间或动作相比较时才会用到其结构是
33、过去分词它的否定句是在后边加变一般疑问句是把提前它通常和等引导的表示过去的时间状语连用由时间状语来判定一般说来各种时过去来判定过去完成时表示过去的过去是指过去某一动作之前已经发生或完成的动作即动作有先后关系动作在前的用过去完成时在后的用一般过去时这种用法常出现在宾语从句中当宾语从句的主句为一般过去时且从句的动作先于主动作发生有先后关系动作在前的要用过去完成时动作在后的要用一般过去时如注意引导的时间状语从句中由于和本身已表达了动作的先后关系若主从句表示的动作紧密相连则主从句都用一般过去时如表示意向的动词如等用过去完成学习必备 欢迎下载 1.单项选择 1He asked me _A_ during
34、 the summer holidays.A.where I had been B.where I had gone C.where had I been D.where had I gone 2.What _D_ Jane _ by the time he was sever?A.did,do B.has,done C did,did.D.had,done 3.I _C_ 900 English words by the time I was ten。A.learned B.was learning C.had learned D.learnt 4.She _A_lived here for
35、 _ years.A.had,a few B.has,several C.had,a lot of D.has,a great deal of 5.By the time my parents reached home yesterday,I _A_ the dinner already.A had cooked B.cooked C.have cooked D.was cooked 6.She said she _D_ the principle already A.has seen B.saw C.will see D.had seen 7.She said her family _B_
36、themselves _ the army during the war.A.has hidden,from B.had hidden,from C.has hidden,with D.had hidden,with 8.By the time he was ten years old,he _D_.A.has completed university B.has completed the university B.had completed an university D.had completed university 9.She had written a number of book
37、s _C_ the end of last year.A.for B.in C.by D.at 10.He _B_ to play _ before he was 11 years old.A had learned,piano B.had learned,the piano C.has learned,the piano D.learns,piano.2.用动词的适当形式填空 1.We _had painted_(paint)the house before we moved_(move)in.2.That rich old man _had made_(make)a will before
38、 he died(die).3.They _had studyed_(study)the map of the country before they _left_(leave).4.The robbers _had run away_(run away)before the policemen arrived(arrive).5.I _turned off_(turn off)all the lights before I _went_(go)to bed.6.Paul went(go)out with Jane after he _made _(make)a phone call.参考答案
39、 1B【解析】略 2C【解析】本题考查虚拟语气，if 引导的与现在事实相反的虚拟语气。从句用一般过去式，主句用过去将来时。句意：如果我是你的话，我会去那儿的。3B【解析】这题考查时态的用法，if 条件句中用一般现在时代替将来时，而且这里要填助动词的否定式，选 B。4A【解析】考查时态。tomorrow 为将来的时间故用一般将来时态，所以选 A。5A【解析】考查主谓一致和 if 从句。with 连接几个主语时，与第一个保持一致。排除 B、D；if 条件句用一般现在时代替将来时，排除 C。句意“如果不下雨，班主任和同学明天将要去杭州天堂公园。”故选 A。的时间是过去的过去它是一个相对的时态只有在和
40、过去某个时间或动作相比较时才会用到其结构是过去分词它的否定句是在后边加变一般疑问句是把提前它通常和等引导的表示过去的时间状语连用由时间状语来判定一般说来各种时过去来判定过去完成时表示过去的过去是指过去某一动作之前已经发生或完成的动作即动作有先后关系动作在前的用过去完成时在后的用一般过去时这种用法常出现在宾语从句中当宾语从句的主句为一般过去时且从句的动作先于主动作发生有先后关系动作在前的要用过去完成时动作在后的要用一般过去时如注意引导的时间状语从句中由于和本身已表达了动作的先后关系若主从句表示的动作紧密相连则主从句都用一般过去时如表示意向的动词如等用过去完成学习必备 欢迎下载 6C【解析】这题考
41、查 if 的非真实条件句的用法，如果和事实不符合，if 条件句和主句要用虚拟语气，和现在的事实相反，if 条件句用过去时，主句用 would do，所以选 C。句意是：如果我有 1 百万美元，我会把它给医学研究。7B【解析】在 if 虚拟条件句中，be 用 were，故本题选 B。8D【解析】考查虚拟语气。If 引导的条件状从指将来的情况，用过去式，should+do 或用 were to+do结构；I give half of the money to charities.也是虚拟语气，省略了 if条件状从，指将来，谓语用 would+do。所以选 D。9C【解析】C if从句用的是虚拟语气
42、，与现实（很忙）相反时，虚拟语气用一般过去时，be 统一用 were，主句用 would do sth.10A【解析】考查点：虚拟语气。解题思路：根据句意:如果你有一百万你将会干什么？“如果你有一百万”是对现在的一种假设，与现在的事实相反。表示与现在事实相反的虚拟语气的结构是：主句用should/would/could/might+动词原形，从句用一般过去时态。故选 A。11C【解析】试题分析：根据题干，本句的意思应是“如果我是你，我将穿一件裙子。”“我”是不可能成为“你”，所以本句是一个虚拟语气。对于虚拟语气，从句应该用过去式（be 动词，不论是第几人称，都用 were），主句用 would
43、 do。所以本题选 C。考点：本题考查虚拟语气。点评：完成本题时注意区分虚拟语气和 if引导的条件状语从句。虚拟语气是不可能发生的，是一种假设情况；而 if 引导的条件状语从句，是有可能发生的。如果不明白这两者的区别，就比较容易发错。12C【解析】试题分析：根据语境可知此句的含义是如果我是你，我就不害怕。考查的是虚拟语气的基本用法。条件用过去时，主句要用过去将来时，故选 C。考点：虚拟语气 点评：虚拟语气其实就是 if 引导条件状语从句时，词义为“如果”，不过这个条件是无法实现的。从句中的谓语动词通常用一般过去时表示，则主句中的谓语动词用过去将来时。13B【解析】试题分析：本题的含义是如果我是
44、你，我将告诉他们真相，本题 if引导的是一个虚拟的条件句，在虚拟句中，be 用 were，主句通常用过去的一种，will应该用 would，故本题选 B。考点：if 引导的虚拟条件句。点评：在英文中条件句有两种，一种是真实的条件句，if 后遇到将来时用一般现在时，一种是虚拟的条件句，if 后用过去时，be 用 were，在英文的实际使用中应该注意它们的区别。【答案】C【解析】考察虚拟语气。第一空，虚拟语气，与现在相反，用过去时。第二空，虚拟语气，与现在相反，用过去时，be 动词用 were。故选 C 15 C【解析】本题考查的虚拟语气，从句 be 动词用 were，故选答案为 C 的时间是过去
45、的过去它是一个相对的时态只有在和过去某个时间或动作相比较时才会用到其结构是过去分词它的否定句是在后边加变一般疑问句是把提前它通常和等引导的表示过去的时间状语连用由时间状语来判定一般说来各种时过去来判定过去完成时表示过去的过去是指过去某一动作之前已经发生或完成的动作即动作有先后关系动作在前的用过去完成时在后的用一般过去时这种用法常出现在宾语从句中当宾语从句的主句为一般过去时且从句的动作先于主动作发生有先后关系动作在前的要用过去完成时动作在后的要用一般过去时如注意引导的时间状语从句中由于和本身已表达了动作的先后关系若主从句表示的动作紧密相连则主从句都用一般过去时如表示意向的动词如等用过去完成学习必
46、备 欢迎下载 1I didnt know his telephone number,otherwise I would have telephoned him.2He might have given you more help,even though he was very busy.3-Would you have called her up had it been possible?-Yes,but I were busy doing my homework.的时间是过去的过去它是一个相对的时态只有在和过去某个时间或动作相比较时才会用到其结构是过去分词它的否定句是在后边加变一般疑问句是把提前它通常和等引导的表示过去的时间状语连用由时间状语来判定一般说来各种时过去来判定过去完成时表示过去的过去是指过去某一动作之前已经发生或完成的动作即动作有先后关系动作在前的用过去完成时在后的用一般过去时这种用法常出现在宾语从句中当宾语从句的主句为一般过去时且从句的动作先于主动作发生有先后关系动作在前的要用过去完成时动作在后的要用一般过去时如注意引导的时间状语从句中由于和本身已表达了动作的先后关系若主从句表示的动作紧密相连则主从句都用一般过去时如表示意向的动词如等用过去完成