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1、余姚中学2022学年度第二学期高一英语质量检测试卷第一部分：听力（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共5小题;每小题分，满分7. 5分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选 项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅 读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1 .【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Where might the speakers be now?A. In a supermarket.B. In a hospital.C. At home.【答案】C【解析】【原文】 W: Frank, I bought a ch
2、icken in the supermarket this morning, and the chicken soup is almost ready.Dont forget to take it to Grandpa. The doctor said hed better eat some soup during treatment.M: Tara, its really kind of you.2 .【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】How did the man feel last night?A. Exhausted.B. Excited.C. Curious.【答案】A【解析】【原
3、文】W: Did you watch the reality TV show last night? It was really exciting.M: No, I didnt. I went shopping with my wife at Macys. There were too many people on Black Friday. I was tiredout and went straight to bed.3 .【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】What does the woman hope to do?A. Take an exam.B. Get some guidanc
4、e.C. Take a trip.【答案】B【解析】原文 W: The final exam nearly drives me crazy. Tm worried about it. So Mr. Jones, could you give me someadvice?M: Oh, to have a peaceful mind! Try to take a short trip with your family.4 .【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】unnecessary things they buy and then throw away. （Sacks的主要关注点是让人们注意他们买
5、了多少不必要的东 西，然后扔掉。）”可知，Sacks想让人们关注自己的不良消费：买不必要的东西然后扔掉它们，这实际上 就是希望人们能够反思自己的消费模式。故选B项。CHave you ever noticed the birdsong you used to wake up to as a child has been thinning? Such has been the case in Australia for the endangered eastern bristlebird, with its numbers declining dramatically in the past 4
6、0 years.At first glance, there is nothing too unique about the eastern bristlebird. Its song, while beautiful, doesnt stand out in a typical Australian forest. Since the 1980s, researchers have been trying to understand why the eastern bristlebird has seen such rapid decline. Time an again, fires ta
7、king place unexpectedly come up as the main factor 一 along with the increase in fire frequency, climate change and habitat loss.Fire can be deadly for many wild animals, but there is something special about the bristlebird that makes it particularly vulnerable （脆弱的）to large, frequent fires. Eastern
8、bristle-birds, despite being able to fly, appear not to appreciate the view of a top story. They dont choose to live in the treetops, or even on lower branches of trees. They preferred low, dense vegetation （植被）.This habitat structure is important for many small animals even less noticeable than the
9、 bristlebird, such as spiders, beetles and worms. This means the bristlebird can act like an indicator how the entire understory ecosystem is doing. Unfortunately, low, dense vegetation is often the first to burn and disappear during a fire. Worse still, it takes years for an understory to recover f
10、ully.The eastern bristlebird may only be one fire away from extinction signaling a possible collapse of their groundlevel ecosystem. However, all hope was not lost as this knowledge had led to emergency rescues of bristlebirds. And translocation programs, which has been an important strategy for sav
11、ing almost every vulnerable native Australian species, are in place for this little unremarkable bird.28. What do we know about the eastern bristlebird from the passage?A. It can not fly high.B. It has unique appearance.C. Its song is highly appreciated.D Its situation has attracted great attention.
12、29. Which is the main reason for bristlebirds, decline?A. Unexpected fires.B. Frequent fires.C. Lack of habitat.D. Global warming.30. What makes bristlebirds vulnerable to fires?A. Its importance in ecosystem.B. Its appreciation for top story.C. Its preference for low habitat. D. Its influence on sm
13、all animals.31. What can we expect of bristlebirds in the future?A. Their decline is likely to slow down.B. Their numbers will increase rapidly.C. They may save the entire ecosystem.D. They will disappear with one more fire.【答案】28.D29. B 30. C 31. A【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了东刺莺鸟的数量迅速下降的原因以及准备拯救它的计划。【2
14、8题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段中 “At first glance,there is nothing too unique about the eastern bristlebird. Its song,while beautiful, doesnt stand out in a typical Australian forest. Since the 1980s,researchers have been trying to understand why the eastern bristlebird has seen such rapid decline.（乍一看，东刺莺鸟并没有什么特别
15、之处。 它的歌声虽然优美，但在典型的澳大利亚森林中并不突出。自20世纪80年代以来，研究人员一直试图弄 清楚为什么东刺莺鸟数量如此迅速地下降）”可知，东刺莺鸟数量迅速下降的情况引起了关注。故选D 项。【29题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中“Time an again, fires taking place unexpectedly come up as the main factor along w汕 the increase in fire frequency, climate change and habitat loss.（一次又一次，意外发生的火灾成为主 要因素，此外还有火灾频率的增加
16、、气候变化和栖息地的丧失）”可知，刺莺鸟数量下降的主要原因是频繁 的火灾。故选B项。【30题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段 “Fire can be deadly for many wild animals, but there is something special about the bristlebird that makes it particularly vulnerable （脆弱的）to large, frequent fires. Eastern bristle-birds, despite being able to fly, appear not to appreciate
17、 the view of a top story. They dont choose to live in the treetops, or even on lower branches of trees. They preferred low, dense vegetation （植被）.（对于许多野生动物来说，火灾是致命的， 但bristlebird有一些特殊的地方，使它特别容易受到频繁的大火的影响。尽管会飞，但刺莺鸟似乎不喜欢 顶层的景色。它们不选择住在树顶，甚至不选择住在树的低树枝上。它们喜欢低矮茂密的植被）”可知，刺 莺鸟偏爱低地栖息地使它容易受到火灾的伤害。故选c项。【31题详解】
18、推理判断题。根据最后一段 “The eastern bristlebird may only be one fire away from extinction,signaling a possible collapse of their ground-level ecosystem. However, all hope was not lost as this knowledge had led to emergency rescues of bristlebirds. And translocation programs, which has been an important strate
19、gy for saving almost every vulnerable native Australian species, are in place for this little unremarkable bird.（刺莺鸟可能离灭绝 只有一场大火了，这表明它们的地面生态系统可能崩溃了。然而，所有的希望并没有失去，因为这一知识 导致了对刺莺鸟的紧急救援。迁移计划一直是拯救几乎所有脆弱的澳大利亚本土物种的重要策略，为这种 不起眼的小鸟准备就绪）”可知，救援迁移计划已为刺莺鸟准备就绪。由此推知，它的下降趋势可能会放 缓。故选A项。DThe traditional working day d
20、oesnt benefit night owls（夜猫子）,with people who prefer to stay up late twice as likely to underperform at work as early birds ;a new study from Finland has6uggested.Early risers tend to work better early in the morning, while evening types are the opposite. The researchers asked 5,881 individuals born
21、 in 1966 in northern Finland about their working life and health and questioned them about their sleep patterns in 2012 when they were 46 years old. The study participants were monitored over a period of four years.Ten percent of the men and 12% of the women were evening types1, 72% of whom worked i
22、n day jobs,the researchers found. A quarter of people classified as evening types rated their own performance at work as poor. This was a significantly higher proportion（比彳列）than among early birds.nIf evening types have to work in the early morning, they wont rate their work ability as high as morni
23、ng types. The opposite would be true as well. If normal business hours were 3 p.m. to 11 p.m., the early morning types would feel worse than evening types,* said Kristen Knutson, an associate professor at Northwestern University.Suzanne Hood, an associate professor at Bishops University in Quebec, C
24、anada, said that night owls shouldnt be alarmed by the findings.nRating job performance doesnt necessarily tell you about the quality of the work in real terms/ noted Hood. Also, the study was observational一it doesnt mean that being a night owl makes you less able to work.1nFor example, the employee
25、 who seems like a slow starter in the morning might be the person whos most able to work effectively into the evening to meet an important deadline/ said Hood. nIf there is some opportunity for flexibility in scheduling, allowing employees some control over what time of day they complete their work
26、mayhelp to optimize（优化）performance and productivity.132. What do we learn about the study from Finland? A. It lasted from 1966 to 2012.B. It was conducted mainly in the lab.C. 72% of participants were early birds.D A minority of participants were night owls.33. Which word best describes Kristen Knut
27、sons attitude to night owls?A. Objective.B. Worried.C. Supportive.D. Unconcerned.34 What would be a great solution to work performance according to Suzanne Hood?A. Starting early in the morning.B. Choosing different work schedules.C. Following normal business hours.D. Finishing ones work later than
28、usual.35. Which of the following can be the best title for the text?A. Night Owls Tend To Perform Badly At WorkB. Early Birds Are More Likely To Gain AdvantagesC. Are You A Night Owl? Blame It On Your GenesD. Which Do You Prefer, Morning Type Or Evening Type?【答案】32.D33. A 34. B 35. A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文
29、。芬兰的一项研究表明，那些夜猫子在正常工作时间内的工作效率要明显低于 早睡早起者。【32题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段“The researchers asked 5,881 individuals bom in 1966 in northern Finland about their working life and health and questioned them about their sleep patterns in 2012 when they were 46 years old.”（研究 人员询问了 1966年出生在芬兰北部的5881人的工作生活和健康状况，并询问了他们201
30、2年46岁时的睡 眠模式。）和第三段“Ten percent of the men and 12% of the women were evening types”, 72% of whom worked in day jobs, the researchers found.”（研究人员发现，10%的男性和12%的女性是“夜猫子”，其中72%的人 白天有工作。）可知，这项研究被研究对象共5,881人，其中只有10%的男性和12%的女性是夜猫子。所以少数参与者是夜猫子。故选D。【33题详解】 推理判断题。根据第四段“If evening types have to work in the ear
31、ly morning, they wont rate their work ability as high as morning types. The opposite would be true as well. If normal business hours were 3 p.m. to 11 p.m., the early morning types would feel worse than evening types,1 said Kristen Knutson, an associate professor at Northwestern University.（“如果夜猫子不得
32、不在清晨工作，他们对自己工作能力的评价就不会像夜 猫子那样高。”反之亦然。如果正常的工作时间是下午3点到11点，早起的人会比晚睡的人感觉更 糟，”西北大学副教授Kristen Knutson说。）可知，Kristen Knutson认为，在目前的工作制度下，夜猫子的 表现要差些；可是，如果将工作时间改为下午3点到晚上11点，那些早睡早起者的表现会差一些。可见她 对夜猫子的态度是客观实际的。故选A。【34题详解】 细节理解题。根据最后一段If there is some opportunity for flexibility in scheduling, allowing employees s
33、ome control over what time of day they complete their work may help to optimize（优化）performance and productivity.”（如果在日程安排上有一些灵活性的机会，让员工对完成工作的时间有一定的控制，可能有助 于优化绩效和生产力。）可知，Suzanne Hood认为，要想达到最佳状态，最好的办法是工作时间的灵活性; 也就是说，员工可以自由选择适合自己的最佳工作时段。故选B。【35题详解】 主旨大意题。综合全文可知，本文主要告诉我们芬兰一项研究的结果一一夜猫子的工作效率要明显低于早 睡早起者，然后
34、在此基础上展开讨论。所以“Night Owls Tend To Perform Badly At Work”（夜猫子在工作中表现很差）作为文章标题最为合适。故选A。第二节（共5小题;每小题分，满分分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。How to Cram （仓促准备）for a Test without Going CrazyDo you have a test coming up you should have been studying for weeks ago? Dont worry. Youre not alone, and all
35、 hope is not lost. 36You must start with the basics. No, were not talking about the material youre learning; were talking about the environment youre in. Do it in a space that isnt crowded or messy. 37 If you9re worried about spending more time cleaning than studying, some of other favorite places t
36、o cram include coffee shops, bookstores, and parks.We already stressed the importance of an environment, but we didnt talk about what you are using in that environment. If you have your phone with you, we suggest turning it on silent and putting it away. 38 Close any outside communication applicatio
37、ns and remove distractions from your study site to completely focus on the taskat hand.39When studying, you shouldnt push yourself past your limit. Our general rule of thumb is to giveyourself a break at least once every hour. Each of your breaks should last for at least 10 minutes at a time to ensu
38、re you are refreshed and ready to get back into it.There are few things in the world as stressful as cramming for a test. Luckily, there are methods and tips to ensure you can still come out on top of your next test or exam. 40 Grab a pencil and a notebook and start cramming!A. So, what are you wait
39、ing for?B. The same goes for your computer or laptop.C. You9re cramming, so it doesnt have to be neat.D. Electronic products will help you find a rhythm for cramming.E. In fact, there are a ton of effective methods to cram for a test the right way.F. If you study in an unorganized place, you will lo
40、se focus and the motivation to succeed.G. It may come as a shock to you, but you should set up a timer to remind yourself of a break.【答案】36.E37. F 38. B 39. G 40. A【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。介绍了如何在不疯狂的情况下，仓促准备一次考试。【36题详解】分析设空，可知空处位于第一段段尾，应起到承上启下的作用，根据前文uYoue not alone, and all hope is not lost.（你并不孤单，所有的希望并没有
41、失去）”可知，E项uIn fact, there are a ton of effective methods to cram for a test the right way.（事实上，有很多有效的方法可以以正确的方式仓促准备考试）”符合文意，是对 上一句的应对，同时引出下文。故选E项。37题详解】根据前文“Do it in a space that isnt crowded or messy.（在一个不拥挤或不凌乱的空间里做）”以及后文“If youre worried about spending more time cleaning than studying, some of oth
42、er favorite places to cram include coffee shops, bookstores, and parks.（如果你担心花在打扫卫生上的时间比学习的时间还多，还有其他一些你 喜欢临时抱习的地方，比如咖啡店、书店和公园）”可知，此处是在讲不要在拥挤或凌乱的空间里准备考 试，所以后文应解释为什么，以及解决方案，所以F项“If you study in an unorganized place, you will lose focus and the motivation to succeed.（如果你在一个没有组织的地方学习，你就会失去注意力和取得成功的动 力）”
43、是对前文的解释，符合文意。故选F项。【38题详解】根据前文 “If you have your phone with you, we suggest turning it on silent and putting it away.（如果你带着手 机，我们建议你把它调成静音并把它收起来）”以及后文Close any outside communication applications and remove distractions from your study site to completely focus on the task at hand.（关闭所有外部通讯软件，排除 学习场所的干
44、扰，完全专注于手头的任务）”可知，此处在讲，关闭所有外部通讯软件来准备考试，前文讲 了手机，后文说所有外部通讯软件，所以空处应是其他外部通讯设备，所以B项“The same goes for your computerorlaptop.（这同样适用于你的电脑或笔记本电脑）”符合文意。故选B项。【39题详解】分析设空，可知空处位于段首，应是本段中心句，是对本段的高度总结，根据后文When studying, you shouldnt push yourself past your limit. Our general rule of thumb is to give yourself a bre
45、ak at least once every hour. Each of your breaks should last for at least 10 minutes at a time to ensure you are refreshed and ready to get back into it.（在学习的时候，你不应该让自己超过自己的极限。我们一般的经验法则是至少每小时让自己休 息一次。每次休息至少要持续10分钟，以确保你精神焕发，准备好重新投入工作）”可知，本段是在讲 述，准备考试时,要注意劳逸结合,所以 G 项 It may come as a shock to you, but
46、 you should set up a timer to remind yourself of a break.（这可能会让你大吃一惊，但你应该设置一个计时器来提醒自己休息）”符合文 意。故选G项。【40题详解】根据前文 “There are few things in the world as stressful as cramming for a test. Luckily, there are methods and tips to ensure you can still come out on top of your next test or exam.（世界上几乎没有什么事情能像
47、为考试而抱 佛脚一样紧张。幸运的是，有一些方法和技巧可以确保你在下一次考试或考试之前仍然能够脱颖而出）”以 及后文“Grab a pencil and a notebook and start cramming!（拿起铅笔和笔记本，开始临时抱佛脚吧）”可知， 空处应该是过渡句，从讲有方法过渡到开始行动，所以A项“So, what are you waiting for?（那么，你还在等 什么?）”符合文意，起到过渡作用。故选A项。第三部分语言运用（共两节，满分30分） 第一节（共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
48、Wildlife has been greatly threatened in the modern age. There are species that are 41 every day. The white-naped crane （鹤）is a typical example. So scientists are trying their best to 42 the species from going out of existence.Chris and Tim work at a zoo, helping endangered cranes with their reproduction. Emma, a female crane, has been in their 43 since she arrived in 2004.Born at an international crane foundation, Emma was 44 by human caretakers. This led to an unexpected outcome, though she had a wonderful time there. Emma had 45 taken herself a