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1、练习答案(The Answers)PARTONEUnit 1Section AComputer BasicsMy ComputerI. Fill in the blanks with the information given in the text:1. Charles Babbage; Augusta Ada Byron2. input; output3. VLSI4. workstations; mainframes5. vacuum; transistors6. instructions; software7. digit; eight; byte8. microminiaturiza
2、tion; chipII. Translate the following terms or phrases from English into Chinese and vice versa:1. artificial intelligence 人工智能2. paper-tape reader 纸空阅读机3. optical computer 光学计算机4. neural network 神经网络5. instruction set 指令集6. parallel processing 平行处理7. difference engine 差分机8. versatile logical elemen
3、t 通用逻辑器件9. silicon substrate 硅基10. vacuum tube真空管(电子管)11. the storage and handling o费攵据的存储与处理12. very large-scale integrated超次觑膜集成电路13. central processing qn典处理器14. personal computer 个人计算机19. run a computer program 运行计算机程序20. computer programme r 计算机程序设计员III. Fill in each of the blanks with one of t
4、he words given in the following list, making changes if necessary:A programming language is a language used to write instructions for the computer. It lets the programmer express dataprocessing in a symbolic manner without regard to machine-specific details.The difficulty of writing programs inmacth
5、ehine language of Os and Is led first to the development of assembly language, which allowsprogrammers to use mnemonics for instructions and symbols for variables. Such programs are then translatedby a program known as an assembler into the binary encoding used by the computer. Other pieces of syste
6、m software known as linking loaderscombine pieces of assembled code and load them into the machine s mainmemory unit, where they are then ready for execution. The concept of linkingseparate pieces of code was important, since it allowed “libraprd卿%msofto be built up to carry out common tasksa firsts
7、tcptoward the increasingly emphasized notion of softwarercuse. Assembly language was found to be sufficientlyinconvenientthat higher-level languages (closer to natural languages) were invented in the 1950s for easier, faster programming ; along with them came the need for compilers, programs that tr
8、anslate high-levellanguage programs into machine code. As programming languages became more powerfuland abstract, building efficient compilers that create high-quality code in termsexofecutionspeed and storage consumption became an interesting computer science problem in itself.IV. Translate the fol
9、lowing passage from English into Chinese.One especially powerful feature of OOP (object-oriented programming) languages is a property which is known as inheritance. Inheritance allows an object to take on the characteristicsand functionsof otherobjectsto which itisfunctionallyconnected. Programmers
10、connect objects by grouping them together in different classes and by grouping the classes into hierarchies. These classes and hierarchiesallow programmers to define the characteristics and functions of objects without needing to repeat source code, the coded instructions in a program. Thus, using O
11、OP languages can greatly reduce the time it takes for a programmer to write an application, and also reduce the sizeof the program. OOP languages are flexibleand adaptable, so programs or parts of programs can be used for more than one task. Programs written with OOP languages are generally shorter
12、in length and contain fewer缺bugs陷)，(or mistakes, than those written with non-OOP languages.面向对象程序设计语言的一个特别强大的功能，是称为继承的特性。继承允许一个对象 获得与其具有功能联系的其他对象的属性与功能。程序员把对象归为不同的类，并把类 分成层次，以此将对象联系起来。这些类与层次使程序员可以定义对象的属性与功能， 而不必重复源代码，即程序中的编码指令。因此，使用面向对象程序设计语言，可以大 大缩短程序员编写应用程序所需的时间，也可以缩短程序长度。面向对象程序设计语言 灵活、适应性强，所以程序或程
13、序的某些部分可用于不止一项任务。使用面向对象程序 设计语言编写的程序，比使用非面向对象程序设计语言编写的程序，一般长度短且包含 的错误少。Section BI. Fill in the blanks with the information given in the text:1. object-oriented2. user interface3. Event4. ControlsII. Translate the following terms or phrases from English into Chinese and vice versa:1. function call 函数调用
14、2. event-driven programming 事件驱动编程3. click on a push button 点击按钮4. application window 应用程序窗口5. class hierarchy 类继承6. child window 子窗口7. application development environment 应用程序开发环境8. pull-down menu 菜单9. dialog box 对话框10. scroll bar 滚动条Section CI. Fill in the blanks with the information given in the
15、text:1. Given the array called object with 20 elements, if you see the term object io, you know the array is in form; if you see the term object10, you know the array is in form, (subscript; index)2. In most programming languages, an array is a static data structure. When you define an array, the si
16、ze is . (fixed)3. A(n) is a pictorial representation of a frequency array, (histogram)4. An array that consists of just rows and columns is probably a(n) array, (two-dimensional)II. Translate the following terms or phrases from English into Chinese and vice versa:1. bar chart条形图2.frequency array频率数组
17、3.graphical representation图形表示4.multidimensional array多维数组5.用户视图user。s) view6.下标形式subscript form7.一维数组one-dimensional array8.编程结构programming constructPARTTWOSoftware EngineeringUnit 5Section ASoftware DevelopmentI. Fill in the blanks with the information given in the text:1. application; operating2.
18、 assemblers3. compiler4. interpreter5. Debugger6. Loop7. device driver8. John von NeumannII. Translate the following terms or phrases from English into Chinese and vice versa:1. inference engine 推理机2. system call系统调用3. compiled language 编译语言4. parallel computing 平彳亍计算5. pattern matching 模式匹酉己6. free
19、 memory 空闲内存7. interpreter program 解释程序8. library routine 库程序9. intermediate program 中间程序，过渡程序10. source file 源文件11. interpreted language 解释（性）语言12. device driver 设备驱动程序13. source program 源程序14. debugging program 调试程序15. object code 目标代码16. application program 应用程序17. utility program 实用程序18. logic p
20、rogram 逻辑程序19. ink cartridge 墨盒20. program storage and execution 程序的存储与执行III. Fill in each of the blanks with one of the words given in the following list, making changes if necessary:A compiler, in computer science, is a computer program that translates source code into object code. Softwareenginee
21、rs write source code using high-level programming languages that people can understand. Computers cannotdirectly execute source code, but need caompilerto translate these instructions into a 1ow-1eve11anguage called machine code.Compilers collect and reorganize （compile） al1insthetructionsin a given
22、 set of source code toproduce object code. Object code is often the same assimorilarto a computer s machine code. If the object code is the same asmathechine language, the computer can run theprogram immediately after the compiler produces its translation. If the object code is not in machine langua
23、ge, other programs一such as assemblers, binders （联编程序），linkers （连接程序），andloaders （装入程序）一finish the translation.Most computer languages use differentversionsof compilers for different types ofcomputers or operating systems, so one language may havedifferentcompilers for personal computers （PC） and App
24、le Macintosh computers. Many different manufacturers often produce versions of the same programming language, so compilers for a language may vary between manufacturers.IV. Translate the following passage from English into Chinese.In software, a bug is an error in coding or logic that causes a progr
25、am to malfunction or to produce incorrect results. Minor一bugsfor example, a cursor that does not behave as expected-can be inconvenient or frustrating, but not damaging to information. More severe bugs can cause a programo “t hang” （stop responding to commands） and might leave the user with no alter
26、native but to restart the program, losing any previous work that has not been saved. In either case, the programmer must find and correct the error by the process known as debugging. Because of the potential risk to important data, commercial application programs are tested and debugged as completel
27、y as possible before release. Minor bugs found after the program becomes available are corrected in the next update; more severe bugs can sometimes be fixed with special software, called patches, that circumvents规避）th（e problem or otherwise alleviates减轻（）its effects.在软件中，错误是指导致程序发生故障或产生不正确结果的编码或逻辑错误
28、。较轻微的错误，如光标表现异常，会造成不便或带来挫折，但不会对信息产生破坏性影响。较严 重的错误会导致程序“中止”（对命令停止反应），可能使用户别无选择，只能重新启动 程序，结果致使任何前面已经做好但尚未保存的工作丢失。两种情况无论是哪一种，程 序员都必须凭借称为调试的过程，发现并改正错误。由于错误对重要数据的潜在危险， 商用应用程序在发行前要经过尽可能全面的测试与调试。程序发行后发现的较轻微错误 在下一次更新时改正；较严重的错误时有可用称为补丁的特殊软件加以修补，以规避问 题或减轻其影响。Section BI. Fill in the blanks with the information
29、given in the text:1. One of the differences between C# and Java is that Java runs on any platform with a Java Virtual while C# only runs in Windows for the foreseeable future. (Machine)2. With . NET, Microsoft is opening up a channel both to in other programming languages and to non-. NET . (develop
30、ers; components)3. J2EE is a single-language platform; calls from/to objects in other languages are possible through , but this kind of support is not a ubiquitous part of the platform. (CORBA)4. One important element of the . NET platform is a common language , which runs bytecodes in an Internal L
31、anguage format, (runtime)II. Translate the following terms or phrases from English into Chinese and vice versa:1. messaging model消息收发模型2. common language runtime通用语言运行时刻(环境)3. hierarchical namespace分等级层次的名称空间4. development community开发社区5. CORBA公用对象请求代理(程序)体系结构6. 基本组件base component7,元数据标记metadata tag
32、8 .虚拟机virtual machine9 . 集成开发环境IDE (integrated development environment)10 .简单对象访问协议SOAP(Simple Object Access Protocol)Section CI. Fill in the blanks with the information given in the text:1. cross-platform2. Exit; Quit3. Unicode4. EnvironmentII. Translate the following terms or phrases from English
33、into Chinese and vice versa:1. search path搜索路径2. dynamic library 动态链接库3. code set代码集4. ancestor menu 祖辈菜单5. end user最终用户6. menu item 菜单项7. cross-platform application 跨平台应用程序8. character set 字符集Unit 6Section ASoftware Life CycleI. Fill in the blanks with the information given in the text:1. The devel
34、opment process in the software life cycle involves four phases: analysis, design, implementation, and . (testing)2. In the system development process, the system analyst defines the user, needs, requirements and methods in the phase, (analysis)3. In the system development process, the code is writte
35、n in the phase, (implementation)4. In the system development process, modularity is a very well-established principle used in the phase, (design)5. The most commonly used tool in the design phase is the . (structure chart)6. In the system development process,and pseudocode are toolsused by programme
36、rs in the implementation phase, (flowcharts)7. Pseudocode is part English and part program . (logic)8. While black box testing is done by the system test engineer and the white box testing is done by the. (user; programmer)II. Translate the following terms or phrases from English into Chinese and vi
37、ce versa:1. standard graphical symbol标准图形符号2. logical flow of data标准图形符号3. test case测试用例4. program validation程序验证5. white box testing白盒测试6. student registration system学生注册系统7. customized banking package定制的金融软件包8. software life cycle软件生命周期9. user working environment用户工作环境10. implementation phase实现阶段1
38、1. 测试数据test data12. 结构图structure chart13. 系统开发阶段system development phase14. 软件工程software engineering15. 系统分析员system(s) analyst16. 测试工程师test engineer17. 系统生命周期system life cycle18. 设计阶段design phase19. 黑盒测试black box testing20. 会计软件包accounting packageIII. Fill in each of the blanks with one of the words
39、 given in the following list, making changes if necessary: development; testing; programmer; chart; engineer; attend; interfaces system; software; small; user develop; changes; quality; board; UncontrolledIV. Translate the following passage from English into Chinese: 软件工程是软件开发的一个领域；在这个领域中，计算机科学家和工程师
40、 研究有关的方法与工具，以使高效开发正确、可靠和健壮的计算机程序变 得容易。计算机科学的这一分支的研究，考虑软件生命周期的所有阶段。 软件生命周期从正式的问题详述开始，随后相继是解决方案设计、解决方 案实现为程序、程序测试和程序维护。软件工程师开发软件工具以及被称 为编程环境的工具集，用以改进开发过程。例如，软件工具可以帮助管理 程序员小组正在编写的大型程序的诸多组件。Software engineering is an area of software development in which computer scientists and engineers study methods a
41、nd tools that facilitate （使变得容易）the efficient development of correct, reliable, and robust computer programs. Research in this branch of computer science considers all the phases of the software life cycle, which begins with a formal problem specification, and progresses to the design of a solution,
42、 its implementation as a program, testing of the program, and program maintenance. Software engineers develop software tools and collections of tools called programming environments to improve the development process. For example, tools can help to manage the many components of a large program that
43、is being written by a team of programmers.V. . Translate the following passage from English into Chinese.Software engineering is an area of software development in which computer scientists and engineers study methods and toolsthatfaci 1 itate （使变得容易）the efficient development of correct, reliable, a
44、nd robustcomputer programs. Research inthis branch of computer science considers all the phases of the software life cycle, which begins with a formal problem specification, and progresses to the design of a solution, its implementation as a program, testing of the program, and program maintenance.
45、Software engineers develop software tools and collections of tools called programming environments to improve the development process. For example, toolscan help to manage the many components of a large program that is being written by a team of programmers.软件工程是软件开发的一个领域。在这个领域里，计算机科学家与工程师研究可使高效 地开发
46、正确、可靠、健壮的计算机程序变得容易的方法和工具。计算机科学的这一分科 中的研究，要考虑软件生命周期的所有阶段。软件生命周期始于正式的问题说明，然后是解决方案的设计、它作为一个程序的实现、程序的测试以及程序维护。软件工程师开发软件工具和称为编程环境的工具组，以改进开发过程。例如，工具可帮助管理程序员小组正在编写的大规模程序的众多成分。Section BModel Driven DevelopmentI. Fill in the blanks with the information given in the text:1. Information engineering emphasizes
47、a modeling tool calledrelationship diagrams.(entity)2. One of the disadvantages of model-driven development is the long of projects, (duration)3. Unlike structured analysis and design and information engineering, object-oriented analysis and design attempts to merge the and concerns into singular co
48、nstructs called objects, (data; process或 process; data)4. Unlike logical models, physical models show not only what a system is or does, but also how the system is physically and technically . (implemented)II. Translate the following terms or phrases from English into Chinese and vice versa:1. check box复选框(或选择框)2. structured design结构化设计3. building block (信息系统的)构建模块4. database schema数据库模式5. radio button单选(按)钮6. 系统建模技术system modeling technique7.