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1、2023高考英语I卷阅读B篇解析BWhen John Todd was a child, he loved to explore the woods around his house, observing how nature solved problems. A dirty stream, for example, often became clear after flowing through plants and along rocks where tiny creatures lived. When he got older, John started to wonder if thi
2、s process could be used to clean up the messes people were making.当约翰托德还是个孩子的时候，他喜欢探索房子周围的树林，观察大自然是如 何解决问题的。例如，小溪在流经植物和微小生物生活的岩石后，往往会变得清 澈。当他长大后，约翰开始寻思这个过程是否可以用来清理人们制造的废物。After studying agriculture, medicine, and fisheries in college, John went back to observing nature and asking questions. Why can
3、certain plants trap harmful bacteria 件田菌）？ Which kinds of fish can eat cancer-causing chemicals? With the right combination of animals and plants, he figured, maybe he could clean up waste the way nature did. He decided to build what he would later call an eco-machine.在大学里学习了农业、医学和渔业之后，约翰又开始观察大自然并提出
4、问题。为 什么某些植物能捕获有害细菌？哪些鱼类可以吃致癌化学物质？他想，如果动物 和植物的正确结合，也许他可以像大自然一样清理垃圾。他决定建造一台他后来 称之为生态机器的机器。The task John set for himself was to remove harmful substances from some sludge （污 泥）.First, he constructed a series of clear fiberglass tanks connected to each other. Then he went around to local ponds and strea
5、ms and brought back some plants and animals. He placed them in the tanks and waited. Little by little, these different kinds of life got used to one another and formed their own ecosystem. After a few weeks, John added the sludge.约翰为自己设定的任务是清除一些污泥中的有害物质.首先，他建造了一系列相 互连接的透明玻璃钢储罐。然后，他来到当地的池塘和溪流，带回了一些植物
6、和 动物。他把它们放在玻璃钢储罐里，等着看变化。渐渐地，这些不同种类的生命 相互适应，形成了自己的生态系统。几周后，约翰加入了污泥。He was amazed at the results. The plants and animals in the eco-machine took the sludge as food and began to eat it! Within weeks, it had all been digested, and all that was left was pure water.他对结果感到惊讶。生态机器里的动植物把污泥当作食物开始吃！几周内，它全 部被消化
7、掉了，剩下的只有纯水。Over the years, John has taken on many big jobs. He developeda greenhouse-like facility that treated sewage。亏水）from 1,600 homes in South Burlington. He also designed an eco-machine to clean canal water in Fuzhou, a city in southeast China.这些年来，约翰承担了许多重要的工作。他在南伯灵顿开发了一种处理来自1600 户人家的污水的类似温室的
8、设施。他还设计了一台生态机器来清洁中国东南部 城市福州的运河水。Ecological design is the name John gives to what he does. Life on Earth is kind of a box of spare parts fbr the inventor J he says. You put organisms in new relationships and observe whats happening. Then you let these new systems develop their own ways to self-repair
9、.”“生态设计”是约翰给他的工作起的名字。“对于发明者来说，地球上的生命就像 一盒零配件，”他说。“你把生物体置于新的关系中，观察发生了什么。然后你让 这些新系统发展出自己的自我修复方式。”24. What can we learn about John from the first two paragraphs?A. He was fond oftraveling.B. He enjoyed being alone.C. He had an inquiring mind.D. He longed to be a doctor.答案C。推理判断题。文章前两段提到约翰小时候就对生物和自然产生了浓
10、厚的 兴趣，喜欢探究和发现自然界的规律。可知他爱动脑筋，有探究精神。inquiring” 意思是探究的、好问的、好奇的。25. Why did John put the sludge into the tanks?A. To feed the animals.B. To build an ecosystem.C. To protect the plants.D. To test the eco-machine.答案D。细节理解题。文中提到，约翰设计生态机器的目的就是希望这个机器骸 大自然一样能够自我处理污染物。所以将污泥放入罐中是为了进行测试，以便 检验生态机器的有效性。26. What is
11、 the authors purpose in mentioning Fuzhou?A. To review Johns research plans.B. To show an application of Johns idea.C. To compare Johns different jobs.D. To erase doubts about Johns invention.答案B。细节理解题。倒数第二端提到，这些年来，约翰承担了许多重要的工作。 其中包括帮助福州设计生态机器来处理污水。由此可知这个实例是为了说明他 的生态机器实际应用的一个例子。27. What is the basis
12、 for Johns work?A. Nature can repair itself.B. Organisms need water to survive.C. Life on Earth is diverse.D. Most tiny creatures live in groups.选Ao单词音标词性中文observe9b z3 ： rvV.观察，观测flowfloun./v.流动，流量fisheryifl J srin.渔业，渔场traptraepn./v.陷阱，诱捕bacteriabaek ti rian.细菌cancer-causingkasnssrko : zi gadj.致癌的
13、chemicalkemi kln./a.化学物质，化学的Jcombinationn.eco-machineikou m。，f inn.生态机器removeri mu： vV.移除，清除1substancesa bstsnsn.物质，实质sludgeslA d3n.污泥，淤泥fiberglassfai borglaesn.玻璃纤维tanktsegkn.储罐，水箱streamstri： mn.小溪，小河ecosystemi: kou si stsmn.生态系统digestdal dj estV.消化，领会greenhouselikeadj.类似温室的facilityfa si lotin.设施，设
14、备1sewagesu： I d3n.污水，下水道ecological,i： ka* la: d3 I kladj.生态的，环境的organisms ： rgsni zsmzn.生物体，有机体self-repairself-n perV.自我修复inquiringI n kwai ri rjadj.好问的，探究的reviewri vju：n./v.回顾，评论application,aepli kei f ann.应用，申请survivesor vai vV.存活，生存J单词音标词性中文diversedal v3 ： rsadj.多样的，不同的,1 ,一 -rt中文意思短语live in grou
15、ps.erase doubts about long to be fond of being alone, get used to clean up make messes群居消除对的疑虑渴望喜欢独处take on习惯于清理弄乱；产生废物承担，从事2023高考英语I卷阅读C篇解析阅读C篇The goal of this book is to make the case for digital minimalism, including a detailed exploration of what it asks and why it works, and then to teach you h
16、ow to adopt this philosophy if you decide ifs right for you.To do so, I divided the book into two parts. In part one, I describe the philosophical foundations of digital minimalism, starting with an examination of the forces that are making so many peoples digital lives increasingly intolerable, bef
17、ore moving on to a detailed discussion of the digital minimalism philosophy.Part one concludes by introducing my suggested method for adopting this philosophy: the digital dcclutter. This process requires you to step away from optional online activities for thirty days. At the end of the thirty days
18、, you will then add back a small number of carefully chosen online activities that you believe will provide massive benefits to the things you value.In the final chapter of part one, Ill guide you through carrying out your own digital declutter. In doing so, Til draw on an experiment I ran in 2018 i
19、n which over 1,600 people agreed to perform a digital declutter. Youll hear these participants, stories and learn what strategies worked well for them, and what traps they encountered that you should avoid.The second part of this book takes a closer look at some ideas that will help you cultivate （培
20、养） a sustainable digital minimalism lifestyle. In these chapters, I examine issues such as the importance of solitude （独处）and the necessity of cultivating high-quality leisure to replace the time most now spendon mindless device use. Each chapter concludes with a collection of practices, which are d
21、esigned to help you act on the big ideas of the chapter. You can view these practices as a toolbox meant to aid your efforts to build a minimalist lifestyle that works for your particular circumstances.28. What is the book aimed at?A. Teaching critical thinking skills.B. Advocating a simple digital
22、lifestyle.C. Solving philosophical problems.D. Promoting the use of a digital device.29. What does the underlined word “declutter“ in paragraph 3 mean?A. Clear-up.B. Add-on.C. Check-in.D. Take-over.30. What is presented in the final chapter of part one? A. Theoretical models.B. Statistical methods.C
23、. Practical examples.D. Historical analyses.31. What does the author suggest readers do with the practices offered in part two? A. Use them as needed.B. Recommend them to friends.C. Evaluate their effects.D. Identify the ideas behind them.参考答案：BACA答案解析：这篇文章介绍了一本书，旨在主张数字极简主义并指导读者采用这种生活哲学。文章分为两部 分，第一部
24、分介绍了数字极简主义的哲学基础和数字断舍离的方法，第二部分深入探讨了如何培养可 持续的数字化极简主义生活方式，并提供了一些实践方法。作者通过分享自己的经验和研究成果，倡 导简单的数字化生活方式，并帮助读者理性和平衡地应对数字化时代的挑战。28 .细节理解题。根据 The goal of this book is to make the case for digital minimalism （本书的目的是为数 字极简主义辩护）可知，这本书旨在倡导简单的数字化生活方式。在文章开头提到，这本书是一本指 导人们如何在数字化时代保持理性和平衡的书，作者通过分享自己的经验和研究成果，倡导简单的数 字化生
25、活方式。故选B。难点在于学生对make the case for的理解。这个短语的意思是为辩护、为 提出论据、为做出论证等，具体要根据上下文来确定。29 .词意猜测题。在这句话中 Part one concludes by introducing my suggested method for adopting this philosophy: the digital declutter.有一个非常重要的标点符号冒号:冒号可以用来引出解释、例子 或定义，冒号后的内容是对前面的进一步解释、说明。根据冒号的作用可知：adopting this philosophy 等于the digital de
26、clutter.,二者是解释关系。根据第一段可知adopting this philosophy指代的是 digital minimalism数字极简主义，所以declutter 0minimalism是同义表达。而Clear-up是打扫清理之 意，即是一种做减法的生活方式。与minimalism是同义表达。故选A。意思是在数字化生活中清理 掉那些无用的信息和应用程序，以减少数字噪音的影响。30 .细节理解题。根据第四段 In the final chapter of part one, ril guide you through carrying out your own digital d
27、eclutter. You,ll hear these participants, stories and learn what strategies worked well for them, and what traps they encountered that you should avoid.（在第一部分的最后一章中，我会指导你进行自己的 数字化减法。你将听到这些参与者的故事，了解哪些策略对他们有效，以及他们遇到的陷阱，你应该 避免。）可知，第一部分的最后一章介绍了一些实践案例。故选C。31 .细节理解题。根据题干中心词uthe practicesv定位到第五段You can vie
28、w these practices as a toolbox meant to aid your efforts to build a minimalist lifestyle.（你可以把这些做法视为一个工具箱，以 帮助你在自己特定的情况下构建适合自己的极简主义生活方式。）可知，作者建议读者把这些实践方 法看做是一个工具箱，需要哪种工具就打开工具箱，根据自己的需要使用，故选A。词汇学习单词音标词性中文解释digitaldid;51tladj.数字的minimalismminimahzsmn.极简主义explorationksplareijann.探索，勘探adoptsdoptV.采用，收养1p
29、hilosophyfilosafin.哲学philosophical,fiGsDfikaadj.哲学的foundationfaundeifann.基础，基本原理increasinglyinkri:sirjliadv.日益，越来越intolerablemtolsrabladj.无法忍受的detaileddeitsldadj.详细的concludeksnkluidV.结束，得出结论processprsusesn.optional(opfsnladj.可选的，非强制的|massivemaesivadj.大规模的，巨大的chaptertJae pt 3 rn.早，扁早performpafD：mV.执行
30、，表演participantpa:tisip9ntn.参与者strategiesstraetadjizn.策略，战略trapstraepsn.陷阱，圈套encountermkaontarV.遭遇，遇到cultivatekAltiveitV.培养，耕作sustainablesastemabladj.可持续的issue,iju:n.问题，议题solitudelsohtjuidn.孤独，独处necessitymsESitin.必要性，必需品high-qualityhai kwohtiadj.高质量的leisuren.闲暇，休闲mindlessmamdlasadj.愚蠢的，没有头脑的toolboxtu
31、:l boks 1n.工具箱minimalistminimalistn.极简主义者circumstancessikamstansn.情况，环境advocateaedvskeitV.提倡，拥护clear-upkhar ApV.清理，澄清add-onaed onn.附加组件，附加物check-intjek inV.登记，报到take-overteik aovaV.接管，接手theoreticalQiaretikal1adj.理论上的statisticalststistikladj.统计的historicalhistDnkaladj.历史的analysesanaehsiizn.分析，解析recomm
32、endrekamsnd1V.推荐，建议evaluateIvaeljueitV.评估，评价identifyaidentifaiV.确认，识别短语：carry out 执行draw on利用take a closer look at 仔细观察 a collection of 系歹U act on采取行动view.as视为step away from 远离参考译文这篇文章介绍了一本书，旨在为数字极简主义辩护并指导读者采用这种哲学。文章分为两部分, 第一部分介绍了数字极简主义的哲学基础和数字断舍离的方法，第二部分深入探讨了如何培养可持续 的数字化极简主义生活方式，并提供了实践方法。作者通过分享自己的经
33、验和研究成果，倡导简单的 数字化生活方式，并帮助读者理性和平衡地应对数字化时代的挑战。本书的目标是为数字极简主义辩护，包括详细探讨它所要求的内容和为什么它有效，然后教你 如何采用这种哲学，如果你认为它适合你的话。为此，我将书分为两部分。在第一部分中，我描述了数字极简主义的哲学基础，从分析使越来 越多人的数字生活变得难以忍受的力量开始，然后详细讨论数字极简主义哲学。第一部分以我建议的采用这种哲学的方法结束：数字断舍离。这个过程要求你暂时离开可选的在 线活动30天。在30天结束时，你将添加回一些你认为将为你重视的事情提供巨大收益的精选在线活 动。在第一部分的最后一章中，我会指导你进行自己的数字化减法。在此过程中，我将借鉴我在2018 年进行的一个实验，其中超过1600人同意进行数字化减法。你将听到这些参与者的故事，了解哪些 策略对他们有效，以及他们遇到的陷阱，你应该避免。本书的第二部分更深入地探讨了一些想法，这些想法将帮助你培养可持续的数字化极简主义生 活方式。在这些章节中，我探讨了一些问题，如孤独的重要性和培养高质量的休闲时间来代替大多数 人现在花费在无意识设备使用上的时间的必要性。每章的结尾都附有一系列做法，旨在帮助你实施本 章的重要思想。你可以把这些做法视为一种工具箱，以帮助你在自己特定的情况下构建适合自己的极 简主义生活方式。