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1、课前自主领梧语法图解KEQIANZIZHULINGWU引导定语从句的 关系词该结构中的关系代词定语从句“介词+关系代词” 的用法一用which的情况、/介词的选用“名词/代词/数词等 +介词+关系代词”结构探究发觉On a freezing cold day in January 1994, Jiesang Suonandajie found what he was looking for - a group of poachers who were killing the endangered Tibetan antelope.In the battle which followed Jie
2、sang was shot and killed.Often working at night, the poachers shoot whole herds of antelopes at a time, leaving only the babies, whose wool is not worth so much.The animals are skinned on the spot and the wool taken to India, where it is made into the shawls.In the 1990s the Chinese government began
3、 to take an active part in protecting the antelopes in the Hoh Xil Nature Reserve - the huge national park on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, which is the main habitat of the antelopes.Sometimes there were gunfights, like the one in which Jiesang Suonandajie was killed.The small group of offleials who
4、work in the reserve are helped by volunteers who e from all over the country, and who are ready for the difficult conditions of life at 5,000 metres.Meanwhile, in those countries where the shawls are sold, police are getting tough with the dealers.我的发觉(1)以上各句中黑体局部在定语从句中分别担当什么成分？句中作定语；句中作主语;句中作地点状语。(
5、2)哪些句子中的which可用that替代？句中的which可用that替代。课堂要点精析KETANGYAODIANJINGXI在复合句中作定语，修饰名词或代词的从句叫作定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫作 先行词，定语从句由关系代词或关系副词引出。本模块主要复习由关系词和“介词+关系代词”引导的限制性定语从句以及非限制性定语从句。一、引导定语从句的关系词1 .引导定语从句的常用关系词的用法关系词指代对象在从句中所作成分关系 代词who指人主语、宾语、表语whom指人宾语which指物主语、宾语、表语that既指人又指物主语、宾语、表语whose既指人又指物定语as既指人又指物主语、宾语、表语关系
6、副词when指时间时间状语where指地点地点状语why指缘由缘由状语I still remember the day when (=on which) I first came to Beijing.我还记得第一次来北京的那一天。This is the place where (=at which) Jack parks his car.这是杰克停车的地方。The building which/that stands near the train station is a supermarket.位于火车站四周的那座大楼是一家超市。The person whom you met yester
7、day is an honest man.昨天你遇到的那个人是一个老实的人。Such books as you borrowed are of great use.你借的这样的书很有用。2 . that和which引导的定语从句的区分that和which都是关系代词，都可在从句中作主语、宾语和表语，但两者存在着不同。用that不用 which的状 况先行词是 all, much, few, little, everything, anything, nothing, none, the one 等 不定代词时先行词被 any, few, little, much, some, no 等词修饰或
8、被 the only, the very, the same, the last等修饰时先行词是形容词的最高级或先行词前有形容词最高级修饰时先行词是序数词或先行词前有序数词对其进行修饰时先行词既指人又指物时主句是who或which等引出的特别疑问句时用which不用that的状况在非限制性定语从句中用which不用that介词后边用which不用that先行词为that/those时Tell me everything that you know.把你所知道的一切都告知我吧。I bought a great many books, on which I spent all my money t
9、hat I saved.我买了许多书，这些书花了我积攒的全部的钱。即时演练1(1)用适当的关系词填空(2017北京高考改编)The little problems that we meet in our daily lives may be inspirations for great inventions.A pany whose profits from home markets are declining may seek opportunities abroad.I don t bee a serious climber until the fifth grade, when I we
10、nt up to rescue a kite that was stuck in the branches of a tree.Can you show me a case where this phrase is often misused by Chinese students, Mr Brown?Those people who/whom/that the boss interviewed are applicants for the job.The reason why he was fired was not known to us.(2)用which或that填空He is the
11、 very person that I want to talk to.They were talking about persons and things that they remembered.They have invited me to visit their country, which is very kind of them.二、“介词+关系代词的用法3 .“介词+关系代词”结构中的关系代词通常用whose, which或whom,不用that。This is the pencil with which I draw pictures.这是我画画用的那支铅笔。4 . “介词+关
12、系代词结构中介词确实定方法。关系代词前介词选择三原那么：一先，二动，三意义。(1)一先，即依据介词与先行词的搭配关系选择。I will never forget the day on which we moved into our new house.我永久不会遗忘我们搬进新居的那一天。(2)二动，即依据定语从句中谓语动词与介词的搭配关系选择。He is the model from whom we should learn.他是我们应当学习的典范。(3)三意义，即依据定语从句的意义来确定介词。Look at the building over which is flying a red fl
13、ag. It s where I work.看那栋上面飘着红旗的房子，这就是我上班的地方。5 .“介词 + 关系代词”前可出名词、some, any, none, both, all, neither, most, each, one, few等代词，构成“名词/代词/数词等十介词+关系代词”结构。Here are the questions, some of which I thought difficult for you.就是这些问题，其中一些我认为对你来说太难。即时演练2(1)用适当的介词填空Air, without which man can t live, is really im
14、portant.The witness to whom the policemen referred was killed.(3)1 don t know the reason for which he was late for school.(2)用“介词+关系代词完成以下句子(2016浙江高考改编)Scientists have advanced many theories about why human beings cry tears, nencLwhich nas be5 proved(没有一个被证明).Trading leather shoes is the business tQ
15、 jvhichhe Greens arc devoted(格林一家所 致力于的).(devote)There are two buildings there, th2arce9f)hich Staiidsjiieaiiy(较大的那栋大约 有)a hundred feet tall, (stand)三、限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句形式上不用逗号和主句隔开用逗号和主句隔开意义上是先行词不行缺少的定语，不能删除是对先行词的补充说明，删除后意思仍 完整译法上翻译成先行词的定语，” 的通常翻译成主句的并列句关系词 的使 用上
16、2.有时可以用that代替who/which宾语时不行省略2.不行以用that代替who/whichI will never forget the day when I met Mr Liu.我永久不会遗忘遇见刘先生的那一天。This is the man who helped me.这就是帮我的那个人。I ve invited Jim, who lives in the next flat.我邀请了吉姆，他就住在隔壁。Peter drove too fast, which was dangerous.彼得开车很快，这是很危急的。名师点津非限制性定语从句与并列句的区分非限制性定语从句与主句之间
17、常用“逗号”分开，并且不能参加and, but, so等连接词。 并列句一般由and, but, so等词连接。He paid the boy D|S10 for washing the windows, most of which hadn t been cleaned for at least a year.（非限制性定语从句）He paid the boy D|S10 for washing the windows, and most of them hadn t been cleaned for at least a year.（并列句）那个男孩擦了窗户，他付给那个男孩10美元。那些窗
18、户的大局部已经至少一年没有擦 了。即时演练3(1)完成句子(2016天津高考改编)We will put off the picnic in the park until next week, whenhe 5veathemay_j)g Detter我们将把去公园野餐推迟到下周，那时天气可能更好。Where is the dictionary which Lboueht yesterday?我昨天买的那本词典在哪儿？He suddenly fell ill, which presented jiil from going to school.他突然生病，不能去上学了。(2)句型转换She he
19、ard a terrible noise and it brought her heart into her mouth.She heard a terrible noise, which Drught her heart into her mouth.These articles are written in simple language to make it easy to read.These articles are written in simple language, whichnakeM 9asy to read.四、as与which在非限制性定语从句中的用法区分as和whic
20、h都可以用来引导非限制性定语从句，它们的用法区分主要表达在以下几个方面：1 .关系代词代替主句中某一个名词或词组，并对该名词或词组进行补充和说明时，只能用which引导。Beijing, which is the capital of China, is a very beautiful city.北京是中国的首都，它是一座特别漂亮的城市。2 .当指代前面整个句子时，which只能置于主句之后，as位置敏捷，可前、可后、可 中间；as有“正如，像之意，which无此意；as作主语时常与被动结构相连，或作宾语。He finished the task in time, as we had exp
21、ected.他准时完成了任务，正如我们所预料的那样。即时演练4用as/which引导的定语从句完成句子He is a great hero, as jg described in the report.正如在报道中描述的一样，他是一个宏大的英雄。Her role in the performance was spoken highly of, which piadcJher proud.她在表演中扮演的角色受到高度表扬，这使她很骄傲。In the presence of so many people he was a little tense, which wasunderstaedable.
22、在那么多人面前他有点儿紧急，这是可以理解的。The book is very interesting, as yios readersay正如大多数读者所说的那样，这本书很好玩。课后强化训练|KEHOUQIANGHUAXUNLIANI .单句语法填空1. A football fan is a person who/that has a strong interest in football.2. Can you lend me the novel which/that you read the other day?3. I have bought the same dress as she
23、is wearing.4. As is known to all, the pass （指南针）was first made in China.5. She is one of the few girls whose grade is above average.6. This is the best film that I have seen.7. I know the student from whom I borrowed the book.8. The weather turned out to be very good, which was more than we could ex
24、pect.9. Do you still remember the day when we first met?10. This is the reason why he didn t attend the lecture.n.单句写作1. （2017全国卷 I 书面表达）We are going to learn some Chinese poems that/which were written in the Tang Dynasty.我们将学习唐朝时写的一些中国诗歌。2. （2016全国卷III书面表达）How about the last Sunday of June. whenJhc
25、/xaminationis over and”are free?等考试结束后，我们都有时间的时候，六月的最终一个周日怎么样？3. .（2015-全国卷 I 书面表达）The column “Foreign Cultures ,which aims tQ introduce festival customs and the life of high school students in foreign countries, is popular among the students.“外国文化栏目在同学中很受欢送，它旨在介绍外国的节日传统和高中生的生活。4. （2015全国卷 II 书面表达）W
26、e 11 also spend some fun time together singing, dancing and playing games, which ve hope）vilLpiaktheiq happy.我们将在一起唱歌、跳舞、玩嬉戏，度过特别美妙的时间，我们盼望这会使他们欢乐。5. （2015,重庆高考写作）Secondlycan make the acquaintance of people whQwharcJhe same interest through this activity.其次，通过这个活动，我可以结识可以共享共同爱好的人。6. The puter which/
27、tha）vaiitedQ buy was sold out.我想买的那款计算机卖完了。7. We should do everything tha|g usefuLtQhc people.我们应当做一切有益于人民的事。8. When we talk about Hangzhou, the first that ws jntQ 9ui jmind is the West Lake. 我们谈论杭州时，首先想到的是西湖。ni.短文改错Dear Ian,Thank you for share the stories about you and your best friend in your last
28、 letter. I have a best friend, who name is Wang Ming, and we had known each other for a long time. We met on the first day of school. We were deskmate in class. We both liked pop music and we often went to my house to listen CDs. It wasn, t long after we became best friends.Now we, re in different s
29、enior high schools and all of us are busy with our studies. Although we cannot see each other often, but we re still best friends. He always encourage me to realize my dreams. I am thankfully I have such a good friend to rely on.Yours,Li Hua答案：第一句：sharef sharing其次句：who-whose; had-have第四句：deskmatef deskmates第五句：listen后加to第六句：after-* before第七句：all-* both第八句：去掉but第九句：encourage-encourages第十句：thankfully-thankful