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1、树德中学高2020级高三下学期开学考试英语试题第一部分听力（每小题1.5分，共30分）第一节（每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段 对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1. What does the woman mean?A. The old houses should be turned into shopping centers.B. Ifs nothing new to see new shopping centers.C. There should be mo
2、re shopping centers.2. Who might repair the TV set?A. The man. B. The woman. C. The womans husband.3. What is the most probable relationship between the two speakers?A. Teacher and student. B. Boss and secretary. C. Husband and wife.4. Where does Bill need to go before he can play ball?A. To a physi
3、cal education class. B. To a baseball training camp. C. To the doctor.5. What does the woman suggest the man do?A. Look for another style at a different store.B. Give the sweater away as a gift.C. Change the sweater for a bigger one.第二节（每题1.5分,满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选 项
4、，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各 小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6至7题。6. How will the woman cut the mans hair?A. A little shorter over his ears and on top.B. A bit shorter just over his ears.C. A little shorter only on top.的形容词）。文中出现两种或两种以上的不同观点时，务必牢记作者的观点才是体现全文中心的。例如本 文第3题，第五段的要点，就
5、在段落第一句上，准确理解了段落第一句，也就抓住了段落要点。DRound and Round They GoSpace is becoming more crowded. Quite a few low-Earth-orbit （LEO） satellites have been launched into the sky, which are designed to move around the Earth only a few hundred kilometres above its surface. SpaceX and OneWeb plan to launch LEO satelli
6、tes in their thousands, not hundreds, to double the total number of satellites in orbit （轨道）by 2027.That promises to change things on Earth. LEO satellites can bring Internet connectivity to places where it is still unavailable. This will also be a source of new demand for the space economy. Morgan
7、Stanley, a bank, projects that the space industry will grow from $350 billion in 2016 to more than $1.1 trillion by 2040. New Internet satellites will account for half this increase.For that to happen, however, three worries must be overcome. Debris （碎片）is the most familiar concern. When enough sate
8、llites were packed into low-Earth orbits, any collision （碰撞）could cause a chain reaction which would eventually destroy all spaceships. One solution is to grab the satellites with problems and pull them down into the Earths atmosphere. Another is to monitor space more closely for debris. But technol
9、ogy is only part of the answer. Rules are needed to deal with old satellites safely from low-Earth orbits.Cyber （网络的）-security is a second, long-standing worry. Hackers （黑客）could take control of a satellite and steal intellectual property, redirect data flows or cause a collision. The satellite indu
10、stry has been slow to respond to such concerns. But as more of the worlds population comes to rely on the space fbr access to the Internet, the need for action will intensify. Measures will surely be taken to protect network security.The third issue follows from the first two. If there is a simple m
11、istake or a cyber-attack, it may cause a chain reaction which wipes out hundreds of billions of dollars of investment. Who is responsible for that? Now the plans of firms wishing to operate large numbers of satellites are being studied. But there is a long way to go before the risks are well underst
12、ood, let alone priced.As space becomes more commercialized, mind-bending prospects open up: packages moved across the planet in minutes by rocket rather than by plane, equipment sent to other small planets, passengers launched into orbit and beyond. All that and more may come, one day. But such acti
13、vities would raise the same questions as LEO satellites do. They must be answered before the space economy can truly develop.12. What can we learn about LEO satellites from the passage?A. They are supposed to limit the space economy.B. They are expected to increase in large numbers.C They are design
14、ed to move beyond the Earth as far as possible.D. They are mainly intended to bring Internet connectivity to remote areas.13. To deal with debris in space, the author suggests.A. depending entirely on the modern technologyB. monitoring the movement of spaceships carefullyC. strengthening rules to re
15、move old satellites safelyD. destroying all the satellites with problems instantly14. What does the underlined word intensify in Paragraph 4 probably mean?A. Measure.B. Increase.C. Spread.D. Repeat.15. What is the authors attitude toward the launch of LEO satellites?A. It should be further confirmed
16、 for its ownership.B. It should be continued because of its advantages.C. It should be done carefully to avoid potential risks.D. It should be stopped in face of the space economy.【答案】12.B13. C 14. B 15. C【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。太空越来越拥挤，文章主要内容为一家名为SpaceXandOneWeb的公司计划 在2027前发射数千上万颗近地轨道卫星之事，及对太空卫星数量剧增而带来的三个安
17、全方面的担忧。【12题详解】细节理解题。由第一段最后一句 SpaceX and OneWeb plan to launch LEO satellites in their thousands, not hundreds, to double the total number of satellites in orbit （轨道）by 2027（SpaceX and OneWeb 计划发射数千上 万颗近地轨道卫星将使轨道上卫星总数量增加一倍。）”可知，LEO卫星预计将大量增加。故选B项。【13题详解】细节理解题。由第三段最后一句 Rules are needed to deal with old
18、 satellites safely from low-Earth orbits”可知，为了安全处理老旧的近地轨道卫星，需要制定一些规则。故选C项。【14题详解】词义猜测题。由第四段中句子 “But as more of the worlds population comes to rely on the space for access to the Internet, the need for action will intensify”可知，因为世界上越来越多的人依赖太空卫星提供上因特网 的通路，人们对于网络安全的需求将血ensify。，可推断，依赖太空卫星的人数增多，因此对网络安全的
19、需求就增强了。故划线词与increase意思相近。故选B项。【15题详解】推理判断题。由第三段最后一句 uRules are needed to deal with old satellites safely from low-Earth orbits.（需要有规则来安全地处理来自低地球轨道的旧卫星）”、第四段最后一句uMeasures will surely be taken to protect network security（一定要采取措施保护网络安全）”及文末最后一句They must be answered before the space economy can truly de
20、velop（在空间经济真正发展之前，必须回答这些问题）”可知I,关于发 射大量的近地轨道卫星，作者认为应该小心慎行，避免潜在的危险发生。故选C项。【点睛】词义猜测题解题时往往借助上下文语境，有时也会运用构词法，大大提高词义猜测的准确性。 本文中的intensify所在句前半句说“因为世界上越来越多的人依赖太空卫星提供的上因特网的通路”，可知 人们对于网络安全的需求将增强。Intense, adj.非常强烈的;紧张的;intensive, a.加强的;增强的;后缀-fy是形容词转化为动词的一个后缀。结合前半句语意及构词法知识，可推出intensify意为使增强。Our Amazing Hands
21、The hand is where the mind meets the world. We use our hands to build fires, to fly airplanes, and to write. The human brain, with its open-ended creativity, may be the thing that makes the human race unique. But without hands, all the ideas we think up would come to nothing.16 Study it carefully, y
22、ou will find something interesting. The thumb （拇指）alone is controlled by nine separate muscles. The wrist is a group of bones and muscles connected with nerves （神经）.The nerves send branches into each fingertip, which makes the fingers extremely flexible. 17Early hands seemed more unusual and interes
23、ting than any hand today. Some animals had seven fingers. Others had eight. But by the time vertebrates （脊椎动物）appeared 340 million years ago, the hand had developed to only five fingers. 18Nevertheless, there are still many different types of hands in living animals. After years of research, scienti
24、sts are beginning to understand the molecular （分子的）changes in hands. 19 This makes the hands of different animals very similar. There is a network of many genes （基因）that builds a hand, and all hands are built on that network.The discovery has given scientists a deeper understanding of the developmen
25、t of hands. A birds wing and a lions paw （爪）may appear to have nothing in common. 20 It may just be a little more of one protein （蛋 白）here, a little less of another there. In the past, scientists could recognize only the outward signs that hands had developed from a common ancestor. Today scientists
26、 are uncovering the inward signs as well.A. Hands can often be used for a number of different purposes.B. They also see that all hands start out in much the same way.C. It has kept that number for reasons scientists dont yet know.D. No one would doubt that the five fingers are different with each ot
27、her.E. But the difference between them may come down to a tiny change in form.F. The reason we can use our hands for so many things is their special structure.G. So you can see a skilled watchmaker use his hands to set springs in place under a microscope.【答案】16 F 17. G 18. C 19. B 20. E【解析】【分析】本文是说明
28、文。文章通过了分析科学家的研究介绍了我们神奇的手。手是心灵与世界相遇的地 方。我们用手生火，飞飞机，写字。没有手，我们所想到的所有想法都将一事无成。【16题详解】上文 “We use our hands to build fires, to fly airplanes, and to write.” 说明我们用手生火，开飞机，和写字， 空格处承上启下，下文 “The thumb （拇指）alone is controlled by nine separate muscles. The wrist is a group of bones and muscles connected with ne
29、rves （神经）.The nerves send branches into each fingertip, which makes the fingers extremely flexible.（单是拇指就由九个独立的肌肉控制。手腕是一组用神经相连的骨骼和肌肉。这 些神经向每个指尖发送分支，这使得手指非常灵活）”说明手的结构，F项前半句的“we can use our hands for so many things” 与上文一致，their special structure 与下文一致，故选 F。【17题详解】上文 “The thumb （拇指）alone is controlled
30、by nine separate muscles. The wrist is a group of bones and muscles connected with nerves （神经）.The nerves send branches into each fingertip, which makes the fingers extremely flexible.（单是拇指就由九个独立的肌肉控制。手腕是一组用神经相连的骨骼和肌肉。这些神经向每个指尖 发送分支，这使得手指非常灵活）”说明手的灵活，与空格处是因果关系，因此你可以看到一个熟练的钟 表匠用他的手在显微镜下放置弹簧。故选G。【18题详
31、解】上文 “Some animals had seven fingers. Others had eight. But by the time vertebrates （脊椎动物）appeared 340 million years ago, the hand had developed to only five fingers.（有些动物有七个手指。其他的有八个。但至U脊 椎动物3.4亿年前出现时，手只发展到五个手指）”说明手指的个数，C项中的“that number”与上文一 致，说明手指保持这个数的理由科学家不知道。故选C。【19题详解】上文 u After years of resea
32、rch, scientists are beginning to understand the molecular （分子的）changes inhands.（经过多年的研究，科学家们开始了解手的分子变化）”说明了科学家的研究，B项中的also是关键 词，与上文是递进关系，they指代scientists,说明“科学家也看到所有的手都以完全一样的方式开始”， 符合题意，引出下文“这使得不同动物的手非常相似，much the same与similar”意思一致。故选 Bo【20题详解】上文 “ A birds wing and a lions paw （爪）may appear to have
33、nothing in common.” 说明鸟的翅膀和狮子的爪 子似乎没有共同之处，E项中“But”说明与下文的转折关系，have nothing in common the difference 转折关系，E项“但它们之间的差异可能归结为形式上的微小变化”符合题意。故选E。第三部分英语知识运用（共两节，满分45分）第一节完形填空（每小题1.5分，满分30分）Maria stared thoughtfully at the tree fort. It was the first thing her grandpa had built for her. She had been little -
34、it was 21 her younger brothers had been born. Of all her brothers, Maria felt that she was most like her grandpa. Grandpa had been a carpenter. Maria had always loved visiting him in his workshop. Only she had been 22 because she was the oldest. He could do anything with his own two hands, she thoug
35、ht 23Recently, Maria had decided that she was going to build a tree swing. Now she was standing 24 the tree, with her rope, seat, and tools, thinking about the best way to 25 the swing. She could throw the ropes 26 the branch. But then how could she tie the knot? She would probably need to 27 a ladd
36、er.“Hey, what9re you doing? called a voice from a little distance away. Maria 28 and saw her little brother Ricardo ran up to her. None of your business/5 she 29 Then, thinking better of it, she said, “30 a swing.” Really? Can I help?” Ricardo asked. Maria thought it over 一 it would be 31to have som
37、e help. But she was the 32 in the family now, so she would have to solve her own problems.“No, Maria said. I dont need any help. Suddenly, her other brother, Emil, came running towards them. “Hey, what9 re you guys doing? Were building a swing,“ Ricardo said. No, we9 re not J Maria said. I am! Can I
38、 help? ”Emil asked. No! Maria was turning red. “This is my 33. Not yours. You 34 evenknew Grandpa. She ran into the house, leaving Ricardo, Emil, and her 35 beneath the tree.“Whats wrong, Maria?” Grandma asked. Ricardo and Emil are bothering me,“ Maria explained the 36. Theyre just trying to help. A
39、nd how are you going to do it all by yourself?” “Grandpa didntneed anyones help/ Maria said. Who do you think helped him cut the boards for your tree fbrt?”Grandma asked. Maria was 37. “But I dont remember.” “Maria, Grandpa was a great carpenter,but even great carpenters need help sometimes.38 he ne
40、eded a second pair of hands, hed ask me tohelp. Grandma glanced out the window. And it looked like you need help, too?5 Maria hurried outside.Ricardo and Emil were 39 the ladder in the yard, waving at Maria. Smiling, she began to wonderif she might not be the only one to 40 Grandpa.21. A. whenB. unt
41、ilC. beforeD. after22. A. forcedB. inspiredC. persuadedD. allowed23. A. slowlyB. proudlyC. clearlyD. anxiously24. A. inB. onC. aroundD. under25. A. useB. hangC. provideD. hold26. A. overB.byC. intoD. down27. A. takeB. fetchC. buyD. create28. A. turnedB. fellC. noddedD. waved29. A. cheeredB. repliedC
42、. warnedD. complained30. A. RepairingB. MovingC. CheckingD. Making31. A. annoyingB. surprisingC. niceD. hard32. A. explorerB. supporterC. ownerD. builder33. A. careerB.researchC. projectD. discovery34. A. barelyB. surelyC. preciselyD. possibly35. A. collectionsB. machinesC. experimentsD. materials36
43、. A. actionB. procedureC. situationD. schedule37. A. confusedB. ashamedC. disappointedD. nervous38. A. WhereverB. WheneverC. UnlessD. While39. A. carryingB. catchingC. rollingD. climbing40. A. take onB. take inC. take afterD. take to【答案】21.C22. D 23. B 24. D 25. B 26. A 27. B 28. A 29. B 30. D 31.C
44、32. D 33. C 34. A 35. D 36. C 37. A 38. B 39. A 40. C【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲的是主人公玛丽亚想像爷爷一样建一个秋千，不愿接受弟弟的帮助，奶 奶的教育让她认识到了人生的道理，即每个人都需要他人的帮助。21题详解】考查连词词义辨析。句意：她还很小一一那是在她的弟弟们还没有出生之前建的。A.when当时候；B. until直到；C.before在之前；D. after在之后。根据该句中的“She had been little”那时她还很小，以及下文“Only she had been 2 because she was the o
45、ldest.因为她是最大的，可推知，此处为她还很小一一那是在她的弟弟们还没有出生之前建的。故选C项。【22题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：只有她被允许，因为她是最大。A. forced迫使；B. inspired激励；C. persuaded 劝月艮；D. allowed 允许。根据上文 “Of all her brothers, Maria felt that she was most like her grandpa.n以及该句中的“because she was the oldest.”可推知，此处为只有她被允许，因为她是最大的。 故选D项。【23题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：他可以用
46、自己的双手做任何事情，她自豪地想。A. slowly缓慢地；B. proudly 自豪地；C. clearly 清楚地；D. anxiously 焦急地。根据该句中的 He could do anything with his own two hands可推知，此处为他可以用自己的双手做任何事情，她自豪地想。故选B项。【24题详解】考查介词词义辨析。句意：现在她站在树下，带着她的绳子、座位和工具，思考着悬挂秋千的最佳方 式。A. in在里面；B.on在上面;C. around周围；D.under在下面。根据上文“Maria had decided that she was going to b
47、uild a tree swing. ” 决定在树上搭一个秋千，以及 “She would probably need to 7 aladder.”需要一个梯子，可推知，此处为现在她站在树下，带着她的绳子、座位和工具，思考着悬挂秋千 的最佳方式。故选D项。25题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：现在她站在树下，带着她的绳子、座位和工具，思考着悬挂秋千的最佳方 式。A. use使用；B. hang悬挂；C.provide提供；D. hold抓住，托住。根据上文提到的决定在树上搭一个 秋千，以及该句中的 she was standing under the tree, with her rope, s
48、eat, and tools,v一连串的动作，可知， 此处为带着她的绳子、座位和工具，思考着悬挂秋千的最佳方式。故选B项。【26题详解】考查介词词义辨析。句意：她可以把绳子扔过树枝。A. over穿过，在上面；B. by在旁边；C.into进入； D. down在下面。根据语境以及下文But then how could she tie the knot? v可推知，此处为她可以把绳子 扔过树枝，但是她怎么打结呢？故选A项。【27题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：她可能需要去拿梯子。A. take带走；B. fetch拿；C. buy买；D. create创造。根据上文提到的不知道怎么去打结，以及该句中的a ladder,可知，此处为她可能需要去拿梯子。故选B 项。【28题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：玛丽亚转过身，看见她的弟弟里卡多向她跑来。A. turned转，扭头；B.fell落 下；C. nodde