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1、华附、省实、广雅、深中2023届高三四校联考英语本试卷分选择题和非选择题两部分，共8页，满分120分，考试用时120分钟。注意事项：1 .答卷前，考生务必用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔将自己的校名、姓名、考号、座位号等相关信 息填写在答题卡指定区域内，并用2B铅笔填涂相关信息。2 .选择题每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑：如需改动，用 橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其它答案：不能答在试卷上。3 .非选择题必须用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔作答，答案必须写在答题卡各题目指定区域内的 相应位置上，如需改动，先划掉原来的答案，然后再写上新的答案：不准使用铅笔和涂改液。不 按以上要求作答的答案无
2、效。4 .考生必须保持答题卡的整洁。第一部分阅读（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题：每小题2. 5分，满分37. 5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中选出最佳选项。AThis summer, may we suggest switching your phone to airplane mode and getting lost in a book? It would be a good idea to curl up in your favorite chair with a book on the beach. Here are five brand new be
3、ach reads brimming with sunshine sand, romance and secret.Out of （he Clear Blue Sky by Kristan HigginsKristan Higgins spins a heartwarming and humorous lale of an empty nester going through some major life changes. The nurse has always put others first. But when her sons departure fbr college coinci
4、des with her husband leaving her, life presents the perfect time to try to get herself back.The Sea is Salt and so Am I by Cassandra HarttCassandra Hartts debut young adult novel takes place on the coast of Maine, in a fictional town eroding into the ocean. Through different perspectives, this emoti
5、onal and heartfelt story unpacks the trials of teenagers dealing with trust, love, dangerous tides, and growing up in a hometown that might not exist for much longer.The Counselors by Jessica GoodmanWhat could be better than a juicy tale of friends at a prestigious summer camp. This fast-paced young
6、 adult thriller set at the fictional Camp Alpine Lake, will have you turning pages in suspense and feeling a craving forD. Residential areas arc usually far away from the railway station.13. What do we know about the idea of an LTN?A. Its a way to encourage social interaction and local business.B. I
7、ts a series of measures to reserve the streets to walking residents.C. Its a system that employs high technology to keep cars on the main roads.D. Its a practice proved effective in keeping children safe from traffic accidents.14. What,s the structure of the text?P= Paragraph15. Whats the purpose of
8、 the text?A. To call on readers to construct a healthier city.B. To promote the latest developments in car alternatives.C. To introduce possible ways to get rid of dependence on cars.D. To inform citizens of technological advances to tackle social problems.【答案】12.A13. D 14. B 15.C【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章指
9、出人们过于依赖汽车，这不利于健康城市的建设，因此需要解除对汽车 的依赖，并提出三个措施。【12题详解】推理判断题。根据第段第一句One of the most important changes cities must make to improve life in them is to separate people from their cars.（为了改善城市的生活，城市必须做出的最重要的改变之一就是将人们与汽车 分开。）”可知，改善城市生活最重要的改变就是将人们与汽车分开，可见人们出行对汽车很依赖。故选A 项。【13题详解】推理判断题。根据第三.段“Analysis fbr the a
10、ctive transport charity Sustrans found that driving a mile on a minor urban road is twice as likely to kill or seriously injure a child pedestrian, and three times more likely to kill or seriously injure a child cyclist, compared to driving a mile on an urban A-road, and that heavy car traffic in re
11、sidential areas can lead to a rise in social isolation. LTNs reduce this danger, leading to a three-fold reduction in injuries, and have been shown to increase the number of visitors to local businesses.（积极交通慈善机构 Sustrans 进行的分析发现，“与在城市一级道路上行驶一英里相比，在城市次要道路上行驶一英里，导致儿童行人死 亡或严重受伤的可能性是前者的两倍，而导致儿童骑自行车者死亡或
12、严重伤害的可能性是前者的三倍”，居 民区的汽车交通拥挤可能会导致社会孤立的加剧。LTN减少了这危险，导致受伤人数减少了三倍，并已 表明增加了当地企业的游客数量。）”可.知，LTN使得在次要道路上因交通工具导致的儿童重伤和死亡人数 减少，因此它被证实是使孩子远离交通事故的有效措施。故选D项。【14题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段第一句One of the most important changes cities must make to improve life in them is to separate people from their cars.（为了改善城市的生活，城市必须做出的最重要
13、的改变之一就是将人们与汽车 分开。）”可知，改善城市生活最重要的改变就是将人们与汽车分开，可见人们出行对汽车很依赖，本文旨 在解决这个问题；根据第二段第一句The idea of a low-traffic neighbourhood （LTN） - where cars are banned from quieter rat runs（偏僻小路）to keep them on the major routes - has taken off in parts of the UK.（低交通量社区 （LTN）的想法已经在英国部分地区流行起来。在这里，汽车被禁止在较安静的“老鼠跑道”上行驶，以保
14、证它们在主干道上行驶。）“，第四段第一句Also popular are e-scooter hire trials, which are taking place in towns and cities including Middlesbrough, Bristol and Chelmsford.（试行电子滑板车租赁也很受欢迎，H前正在米德 尔斯堡、布里斯托尔和切尔姆斯福德等城镇进行。）”和第五段第一二句 But thafs not all. The worlds first hub for demonstrating electric air taxis and drones opene
15、d in Coventry earlier this year.（但这还不是全部。今年早些时 候，世界上第一个演示电动空中出租车和无人机的中心在考文垂开始营业。）”可知，二，四，五段分别提 出一种措施；根据第三段最后一句LTNs reduce this danger, leading to a three-fold reduction in injuries, and have been shown to increase the number of visitors to local businesses. （LTN 减少了这一危险，导致受伤人数减少了 三倍，并已表明增加了当地企业的游客数量
16、。）”可知，第三段延续第二段，继续讨论LTN。因此文章结构 应该是总分总，第一段总起介绍，第二三段讨论措施一，第四段讨论措施二，第五段讨论措施三，第六段 总结。故选B项。【15题详解】推理判断题。根据本文最后一段 a Weaning us off our car addiction is one of the more difficult barriers standing between us and healthier cities. The first step that needs to be taken will be to tackle the dominance of the c
17、ar.（让我 们摆脱对汽车的依赖是我们与更健康的城市之间更困难的障碍之一。需要采取的第一步是解决汽车的主导 地位。）”可知，文章最后作者再次强调要摆脱对汽车的依赖，而前文几段也提出了三种措施，故可推测本 文作者旨在介绍解除汽车依赖的措施。故选C项。第二节（共5小题：每小题2. 5分，满分12. 5分）根据下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选 项。People refer to never forgetting how to ride a bike or throw a baseball as examples of “muscle memory”, th
18、e result of a motor learning. 16 It is a phenomenon that previously trained muscles acquire strength after a period of disuse.Previous research has shown that the changes actually persist in the muscles themselves. In one study of mice, the results suggest that after nuclei in muscle cells multiply
19、in response to an overload of training, those extra nuclei arent lost during subsequent periods of inactivity. Once you have got additional nuclei, you are banking the capacity.17In fact, a recent study revealed that less than eight weeks of retraining were needed to reach the post-training level. B
20、ut how quickly you regain your former fitness depends on how fit you were initially, how long the layoff was. how old you are and how long youd been exercising.18 It means you still have a distinct advantage when it comes to regaining your former level of fitness. And the principle applies to both r
21、esistance training and endurance training. The best way to regain your muscle memory is to start at a level below what you were accustomed to doing, and then gradually increase in terms of duration, frequency, then intensity. 19Ultimately, muscle memory is a payoff for all the past work you put into
22、 learning a sport. 20 You will never know how much muscle memory you may have until you start training again.A. The best way to tap into it is to “get back on the horse”.B. Physiologists, on the other hand, define it in a different way.C. This convinces the researchers that muscle memory may not be
23、long lasting.D. Thal is to say, we can do （he sports automatically without conscious thought.E. It is generally safe to increase these elements by 5 percent every week or two.F. It is evident that the more you exercise, the more muscle memory savings you will have.G. All this news about muscle memor
24、y is encouraging for those who fell off the fitness scheme.【答案】16. B 17. A 18. G 19. E 20. F【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了肌肉记忆是一种你先前训练的肌肉在一段时间不用后，会获得 力量的现象，它是你过去为学习项运动付出的所有努力的回报，之前你锻炼得越多，你的肌肉记忆力就 会储存得越多。【16题详解】上文 0 People refer to never forgetting how to ride a bike or throw a baseball as examples of “musc
25、le memory”, the result of a motor leaming.（人们把永远不会忘记如何骑自行车或投掷棒球作为“肌肉记忆”的例子，这是运动 机能学习的结果）”指出人们用举例子的方法给“肌肉记忆”下定义，下文“It is a phenomenon that previously trained muscles acquire strength after a period of disuse.（这是一种现象，先前训练的肌肉在一段时间不用后，会 获得力量。）”是“肌肉记忆”的定义，由此可知，空处引起下文，指出其他人对肌肉记忆的定义，B项“ Physiologists, on t
26、he other hand, define it in a different way.（另一方面,生理学家则用不同的方式来定义它。）” 指出生物学家给“肌肉记忆”下了定义，其中“it”代指上文“muscle memory”，故选B“【17题详解】上文 “Once you have got additional nuclei, you arc banking the capacity.（一旦你有了额外的原子核，你就是在 储蓄能量。）”指出有了额外的原子核，你就是在储蓄能量，空处应该承接上文，指出我们应该如何做才能 挖掘出自己的能量,A项“The best way to tap into it
27、is to “gel back on the horse”.（最好的方法就是“重新振作 起来）“符合,同时顺承卜文，下文 “In fact, a recent study revealed Ihal less than eight weeks of retraining were needed to reach the post-training level.（事实上，最近的一项研究显示，要达到培训后的水平，只需要不到8 周的再培训。）”描述了要通过在培训来挖掘自己的能量，故选A。【18题详解】上文 “But how quickly you regain your former fitness
28、 depends on how fit you were initially, how long the layoff was. how old you are and how long youd been exercising.（但是你恢复健康的速度取决于你最初的健康状况，以 及停止活动的时间。你多大了，锻炼了多长时间。）”提到项研究指出要恢复到之前的水平，需要考虑最 初的健康状况，以及停止活动的时间，你多大了，锻炼了多长时间几个方面，下文“h means you sliH have a distinct advantage when it conies to regaining your
29、former level of fitness.（这意味当谈到恢复您以前的健康水平 时，你仍然有一个明显的优势。）”指出你仍然有优势恢复到之前的水平，空出应该承上启下，G项“Allthis news about muscle memory is encouraging for those who fell off the fitness scheme.（所有这些关于肌肉记忆的新 闻对于那些脱离健身计划的人来说都是鼓舞人心的。）”符合，All this news”指上文提到的“你恢复健康 的速度取决于你最初的健康状况，以及停止活动的时间。你多大了，锻炼了多长时间”，“fell off ihe f
30、itness schemen和下文 “your former level of fitness” 相呼应,故选 Go【19题详解】上文 “The best way to regain your muscle memory is to start at a level below what you were accustomed to doing, and then gradually increase in terms of duration, frequency, then intensity.（恢复肌肉记忆的最好方法是从一个低 于你习惯做的水平开始，然后逐渐增加持续时间、频率和强度。）”指
31、出恢复肌肉记忆的最好方法是从低于 你习惯做的水平开始，然后逐渐增加持续时间、频率和强度这些要素，空处应该承接上文，继续谈论如何 恢复肌肉记忆，E 项 It is generally safe to increase these elements by 5 percent every week or two.（通常情况下, 每周或每两周将这些要素增加5%是安全的。）”符合，其中u these elementsM代指上文“ duration, frequency, then intensity 故选 E。【20题详解】上文 Ultimately, muscle memory is a payoff
32、 for all the past work you put into learning a sport.（归根结底,肌肉 记忆是你过去为学习一项运动付出的所有努力的回报。）”指出肌肉记忆和你之前的付出的关系，肌肉记忆 是你过去学习的回报，空处应该承接上文，F 项“It is evident that the more you exercise, the more muscle memory savings you will have.（很明显，你锻炼得越多，你的肌肉记忆力就会储存得越多。）”符合，继续解释肌肉记 忆与你之前的锻炼的关系，故选F。第二部分语言运用（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共
33、15小题：每小题1分,满分15分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。The most impoilant life lesson Ive learned from running is to run at my own pace. This lesson has guided me in many ways. 21. it made me challenge the fixed expectations of retirement and aging.Running is a metaphor for life. I realized this w
34、hile 22 for a marathon to celebrate my 60th birthday. All the other runners being faster than me made me 23. But my coach shared some valuable advice: run atyour own best pace. Setting a goal or target time could be a 24. He was right. 25.1 ran more easilyand faster. I also enjoyed the experience mu
35、ch more.I have 26 this principle to other areas of my life. Finding a rhythm is not about 27 or how many things I can get done in a day. It has more to do with what I decide to do at this stage in my life.Running carries its own set of expectations, including what it meant to be a strong runner. But
36、 expectations also28 to other areas of life, including what people at certain life stages should be doing or not doing. Expectations at my age can 29 how leisure time is spent, decisions about employment and even the role of a 30I used to think it was young people who bore the bruni（冲击）of 31. but ol
37、der adults can experience ittoo. This is 32. because often later in life is a time when we arc less inclined to care about the opinions ofothers.That is the message my running coach was trying to convey. 33 what others are doing.Their pace is not 34 the pace you should run at. Run in your own way. I
38、ts not better or worse -only 35.21. A. In turnB. In particularC. In advanceD. In depth22. A. trainingB. strugglingC. competingD. searching23. A. pitifulB. gratefulC. impressedD. embarrassed24. A. resolutionB. practiceC. limitationD. motivation25. A. Against timeB. Ahead of timeC. Of all timeD. Over
39、time26. A. exposedB. comparedC. appliedD. suggested27. A. musicB. businessC. requirementD. efficiency28. A. subscribeB. extendC. contributeD. refer29. A. center onB. hope forC. decide onD. call for30. A. bossB. grandparentC. athleteD. citizen31. A. peer pressureB. separation anxietyC. sleeping disor
40、derD. age discrimination32. A. naturalB. unacceptableC. ironicD. significant33. A. MindB. ExpectC. ForgetD. Abandon34. A. basicallyB. graduallyC. alternativelyD. necessarily35. A. differentB. amazingC. commonD. fair【答案】21. B 22. C23. D 24. B 25. D26. C 27. D28. C 29. A 30. B 31.A 32. A 33. C 34. D 3
41、5. A【解析】【导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者通过教练给自己的意见，明白了不需要太在乎他人怎么做，做好自己就行。21题详解】考杳介词短语辨析。句意：特别是，它让我挑战了对退休和衰老的固定预期。A.Inlurn轮流；B. In particular 特别；C. In advance 提前；D. In depth 深入地。根据前文“This lesson has guided me in many ways.n以及 后文“it made me challenge the fixed expectations of retirement and aging. ” 可知，跑步在很多方面指导作者,
42、特别是让作者挑战J对退休和衰老的固定预期。故选B项。【22题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我是在参加马拉松比赛庆祝我的60岁生日时意识到这一点的。A. training OI； B. struggling 奋斗；C. competing 参加比赛;D. searching 搜索。根据后文“All the other runners being faster than me”可知，作者是在参加比赛。故选C项。23题详解】考查形容词词义辨析句意：其他选手都比我跑得快，这使我很尴尬。A.piiiful可怜的；B.graieful感激的； C. impressed 印象深刻的；D. embarrass
43、ed 尴尬的。根据前文 “All the other runners being faster than me” 可知， 其他所有选手都比我快，这使我尴尬。故选D项。【24题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意:设定一个目标或目标时间可以是一种练习。A. resolution决心；B. practice训练； C. limitation 限制：D. motivation 动力。根据前文 “Setting a goal or target timeM以及后文 “I ran more easily and faster.结合常识可知，设立目标或者目标时间去练习，然后作者跑得更轻松更快了。故选B项。【25题
44、详解】考查介词短语辨析。句意：随着时间的推移，我跑得更轻松更快了。A.Againsltime尽快地；B. Ahead of time 提前；C. Of all time始终；D. Over time随着时间的过去。根据后文“I ran more easily and faster.v可知，作 者跑得更轻松更快了，但是需要时间，才能有这种感觉。故选D项。【26题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我把这个原则应用到我生活的其他方面。A. exposed暴露：B. compared比较： C.applied应用;D. suggested建议。根据后文Co other areas of my life”可
45、知，是作者把“用你自己最好的 速度跑步”这个原则应用到生活的其他方面。故选C项。【27题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：找到节奏与效率无关，也与一天能做多少事无关。A. music音乐；B. business商 业；C. requirement 要求；D. efficiency 效率。根据后文 uhow many things I can get done in a day” 可知,此处 是指效率。故选D项。【28题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：但期望也延伸到生活的其他领域，包括人们在某些生命阶段应该做什么或不应 该做什么。A. subscribe 订阅；B. extend 扩大；C. cont
46、ribute 贡献：D. refer 涉及。根据后文“including what people at certain life stages should be doing or not doing.可知，此处表达“期望也延伸到生活的其他领域”之意。故 选B项。【29题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：在我这个年纪，人们的期望可能集中在休闲时间如何度过、就业决定，甚至是 祖父母的角色。A. center on着重在；B. hope for盼：C. decide on决定;D. call for呼吁。根据前文uincluding what people at certain life stages
47、 should be doing or not doing.”可知,期望告诉人们在某些生命阶段应该做什 么或不应该做什么，所以此处是说作者这个年龄主要想做什么。故选A项。【30题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：句意：在我这个年纪，人们的期望可能集中在休闲时间如何度过、就业决定， 甚至是祖父母的角色。A. boss老板;B. grandparent祖父母;C. aihleie运动员;D. citizen公民。根据前文“Running is a metaphor for life. I realized this while 2 for a marathon to celebrate my 60th
48、birthday.w可知，作者已经60岁了，所以是期望成为祖父母。故选B项。31题详解】考查名词短语辨析。句意：我过去认为是年轻人承受了同龄人的压力，但老年人也会经历这种压力。A. peer pressure 同辈压力;B. separation anxiety 分离焦虑：C. sleeping disorder 睡眠障碍;D. age discrimination 年龄 歧视。根据后文“because often later in life is a time when we are less inclined to care about the opinions of others.w 可知，“我们”这个年纪的人不关心别人的看法，给他人压力。故选A项。【32题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这是很自然的，因为通常在生命的后期，我们不太倾向于关心别人的看法。A. natural 自然的；B. unacceptable 不可接受的；C. ironic 讽刺的；D. significant 重要的。根据后文 “because often later in life is a