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1、2023年初中英语语法之主谓一致问题易错考点分析集合名词的单数与复数用法以及主谓一致问题1 .必须用复数的情形有的集合名词作主语时,其谓语总是用复数,不能用单数,这类 名词比较常见的有police(警察),people(人),cattle(牛,牲口), clothes (衣服)等。如:His clothes were in rags.他衣衫褴褛。The police are going into the murder case. 警察正在调查 这件谋杀案。Many cattle are suffering from a disease called BSE. 许 多牛得了疯牛病。2 .必须用单
2、数的情形有的集合名词作主语时,其谓语总是用单数,不能用复数,这类 名词比较常见的有clothing(衣服),poetry (诗歌),baggage / luggage(行李),furniture(家具),scenery(景色),jewellery(珠 宝),equipment (设备)等。如:Furniture is chiefly made of wood.家具主要是由木材制造。Poetry serves to stimulate the mind.诗歌能激发心灵。My baggage has been sent toGreeceby mistake.我的行李被 误运到希腊去了。3 .主谓一
3、致一一根据意义确定单复数情形有的集合名词用作主语时,其谓语既可用单数,也可用复数:当 它们被视为整体时,谓语用单数;当它们强调个体时,谓语用复数。 这类名词比较常见的有family (家庭),team(队员),class(班上的 全体学生),crowd (人群),government (政府),crew(乘务员), committee(委员会),audience(听众),public(公众)等。如:My family is very large.我家人很多。(视为整体)His family are waiting for him,他家里人在等他。(强调个 体成员)注:有时没有特定的上下文,用单
4、数或复数谓语区别不大。如:Our discussion group is are meeting this week. 我们的 讨论小组本周开会。The public are is requested not to leave litter in the park.要求公众在公园不要乱扔东西。主谓一致还是主表一致The one thing we should strive to get rid of as quickly as possible are fossil fuels to prevent the deaths they cause each year and to slow dow
5、n climate change.各位老师好,请教一下这句话是否正确?主语the one thing是单数,表语fossil fuels为复数,系动 词为are,这符合主谓一致吗?为何主语不用the things?这个句子结构安排有问题,可以做如下修改:What we should strive to get rid of as quickly as possible are fossil fuels to prevent the deaths they cause each year and to slow down climate change.作为融合型关系代词,what二the thi
6、ng(s) which,即可以是单 数意义或复数意义。这种句子语法上称为假拟分裂句,是一种强调手段。本句强调的是to get rid of的宾语fossil fuelso不强调的 普通句式为:We should strive to get rid of fossil fuels as quickly as possible to prevent the deaths they cause each year and to slow down climate change.也可以用it-分裂句(即强调句型)来强调:It is fossil fuels that we should strive
7、to get rid of as quickly as possible to prevent the deaths they cause each year and to slow down climate change.并列主语主谓一致关系Water and air is/are necessary.这里谓语动词应该用单数还 是复数?你的句子最好用复数:Water and air arenecessary. 水和空气是必需的。A and B之类的并列成分作主语时其谓语动词用单数还是复数 的基本原则:1 .若并列成分是指同一人、同一物、同一概念等,则谓语动词 用单数。如:The poet a
8、nd writer has come.那位诗人兼作家来了。Fish and chips is a popular meal in Britain. 鱼和炸土 豆片在英国是很受欢迎的膳食。Drinking and driving is one of the most common causes oftrafficaccidents.酒后驾车是导致交通事故最常见的原因之一。2 .若并列成分是指两个不同的人、不同的物、不同的概念等, 则谓语动词用复数。如:Coal and iron are minerals.煤和铁都是矿物。Football and tennis are forms of sport
9、. 足球和 网球是 运动的种类。An ax and a saw are the tools of his trade. 斧子和锯 子是他干活的工具。Good health and character are primary. 健康和良好品德 是首要的。Money and happiness don t always go together. 金钱和 幸福不能时常并存。A baseball and a bat are necessary in baseball game. 棒 球和球棒是棒球运动必需的。主谓一致关系Three quarters of the theater was full. O
10、nly one-third of the class is going to make it.这类句子中的谓语动词怎么用了 单数呢?从意义上看好像是复数。一般说来,受分数或百分词修饰的名词作主语时大致遵循以下原 则:1 .若所修饰的名词为单数可数名词或不可数名词,谓语动词通 常用单数,因为 three quarters of the theater (一个剧场的四 分之三)仍不足“一个剧场”,所以用单数;two thirds of an apple (一个苹果的三分之二)仍不足“一个苹果”,所以也用单数;60% of my money (我的钱当中的60%)仍以money 为中心词,仍不可数,
11、所以也用单数(哪怕是all of my money也是单数)你说的下面 这个句子就属于此类情况:Three quarters of the theatre was full. 居U院坐满了 四分 之三。2 .若所修饰的名词为复数可数或单数形式的复数名词,则谓语 动词用单数(视为整体)或复数(考虑其个体)均可以。如:Over sixty per cent of families own owns a television.百分之六十以上的家庭已拥有电视机。One third of the worlds population consumes consume two thirds of the w
12、orlds resources. 世界上三分之一的人口消耗着 全球三分之二的资源。主谓一致中的“就近原则”与“就远原则”解释一下在主谓一致常用到的两个概念一一“就近原则”和“就 远原则”。当主语后接 with,along with, together with, besides, except, like, including, in addition to, aswell as, rather than等词时,谓语动词的单复数形式不是与这些词后的名词相一致, 而是要根据前面的主语来确定,这就是“就远原则”。如:A librarywith 5,000 bookswas offered toth
13、e school. 一 个拥有五千册图书的图书馆被提供给了这所学校。A farmertogether with some workersisabout to help us. 一 个农民和几个工人即将来帮助我们。Jackas well as her parentsis going to London nextweek.杰克和他的父母下周要去伦敦。Fifty officers, including frogmenand doghandlers, are searching for her. 包括蛙人和警犬训练员在内 的50名警官正展开对她的搜寻。考主谓一致的一道选项When and where
14、to build the new factory yet. ()A. is not decidedB. are not decided1知道这里的考差点是主谓一致但是仍不知道此处为何要用谓 语单数 witch和where不是两个单位吗?2看别的解析的时候说 when and where引导主语从句?可是 when and where to build the factory 这句也没有谓语 动词怎么能做全句的主语从句呢?疑问词+t。do不定式是名词性疑问分句的一种简略形式,但在 结构上已经是个不定式短语,而不再是从句了,因为没有谓语动词。 但它可以扩展为一个名词性从句。例如 When and
15、where we should build the factory is not decided yet. 在说话人看来,工厂建 在哪里,什么时候建,是同一个决定。你体会一下主动句。When and where to build属于疑问词+不定式”结构,这 种结构作主语时,其谓语动词现在时一律用第三人称单数形式。如:When and where to go for our holiday has not been decided yet.我们度假的时间和地点都还未决定。“疑问词+不定式”作主语时的主谓一致的问题主语共用一个动词,应看为单数概念。除非你把它分开用and连接便是复数概念。例如,Wh
16、en to go and where to go are your personal matter.当然英语一般不这么说,英语忌讳重复,除非是用 于强调,所以简化为when and where to go.这样就是单数概念了。注意:当说话人把这两件事看成是一件事的时候,也可以用单数 动词。你可以不妨这样记忆,表示并列的wh-分句作主语一般用复数动词;例如:What I say and what I think are my own affair.一个分句并列使用疑问词或并列使用谓语动词,则用单数动词。What I say and do is my own affair.When and where I tell you the story depends on my personal need.注意:如果不使用and,而使用or连接两个分句或短语,谓语 动词用单数。例:What I say or what I do is my own affair.