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1、树木学教学大纲 (双语教学)The Syllabus of Dendrology (for Chinese-English Bilingual Teaching)课程名称 Course Name：树木学 Dendrology课程代码 Course Code： 10400402总 学 时 Class Hours：48其中：讲课Lecture32，试验Experiment：16 总 学 分 Credits：2.5修读专业 Speciality：林学 Forestry大纲文本 Text of the Syllabus一、课程主要内容 Main Contents of the Course树木学是争论
2、树木的形态特征、系统分类、生物学特性、生态学特性、地理分布和利用价值的一门学科。Dendrologyisthesciencetostudymorphology, classification,biologicalandecological characteristics, distribution and uses of trees.本门课程主要包括以下内容：Main contents of course include:第一篇 总论Part I: Basics and Generals第一章 绪论 Chapter 1: Introduction第一节 树木学的根本概念 Sect. 1: Ba
3、sic Concepts of Dendrology1. 重要定义 Important definitions介绍树木学、树木的概念，树木学争论的对象。Introduction about concepts of tree, dendrology, and major study objectives relative to the science.2. 树木学的学科性质 Positioning of the course and relationship with other courses树木学是林学专业的一门重要的专业根底课，它与森林生态学、造林学、森林经理学、自然保护学等都有着亲热的关
4、系。Dendrology is an important prerequisite course for the Speciality of Forestry. It is closely related to other successive courses such as Forest Ecology, Silviculture, Forest Management, Natural Reserve Conservation and Wildlife Protection.其次节 介绍学习树木学的目的和意义 Sect. 2: Why and How to Study Dendrology1
5、森林资源治理、退耕还林、林业生态工程、森林保护、植物资源及林产品开发利用等都离不开树木学学问，因此，作为林学的学生必需了解树木的分类、树木的生物学、生态学特性等方面学问，以便为这些课程的学习以及将来的工作供给根底。Dendrologyprovidesstudentsknowledgeontreesnecessarybyforestmanagement, silviculture, ecology, natural reserve conservation and wildlife protection, plant resources and their utilizations. So it
6、 is important for students studying forestry to learn knowledge about trees in classification, biological and ecological characteristics.第三节 树木分布区 Sect. 3: Distribution of Trees一、分布区的形成 the Formation of Distribution1. 树木分布区形成的条件和过程。Conditions and evolution of Plant distribution.2. 树木分布的障碍因素。Restrain
7、ed factors influenced tree distribution.二、分布区的类型 Types of Areal-area1. 树木的自然分布与栽培分布。Natural and cultural distribution areas of trees2. 树木的连续分布与连续分布。Continuous and disjunctive distribution areas of trees3. 树木的水平分布与垂直分布。Horizontal and vertical distribution areas of trees第四节 树木的特性 Characteristics of Tr
8、ees一、生物学特性 Biological Characteristics of Trees1. 了解树木的生长发育规律及生长周期各阶段的性状表现。Ontogeny and characteristics in different stages of the life period about trees2. 把握树木物候期及其观看方法。Phenophase of trees and its observation二、生态学特性 Ecological Characteristics of Trees1. 了解树木对气候因素的要求和适应。Trees requirements and adapta
9、tions to climate2. 了解树木对土壤因素的要求和适应。Trees requirements and adaptations to soil3. 了解树木对地形因素的要求和适应。Trees requirements and adaptations to landform4. 了解树木对生物因素的要求和适应。Trees requirements and adaptations to other wildlife其次章树木分类根底 Chapter 2:Basicknowledge onplanttaxonomy necessary fordendrology第一节 植物分类学进展简史
10、及树木分类方法Sect. 1: Historical development of plant taxonomy and methodology on dendrology1. 分类学进展简史。A brief introduction on the development of plant taxonomy2. 人为分类法和自然分类法。Artificial and natural classification3. 分类系统。A brief introduction about some important natural plant classification systems恩格勒分类系统
11、The Englers system哈钦松被子植物分类系统 The Hutchinsons system塔赫他间被子植物分类系统The Takhtajans system柯朗奎斯特被子植物分类系统。The Cronquists system其次节 树木分类的各级单位Sect. 2: Rankings and taxa in plant classification system了解界、门、纲、目、科、属、种等各级分类单位。Brief introduction about major rankings and taxa (kingdom, division, class, order, fami
12、ly, genus and species ) in plant classification systems,第三节 植物学名 Sect. 3: Plants scientific name1. 植物学名的形成。Plants scientific name and the development of plant nomenclature2. 双名法。Binomial nomenclature3. 学名拼读及书写。Spelling and writing about plant scientific names第四节 植物标本的采集制作Sect. 4: Plant Specimens and
13、 their collection, preparation and diagnosis1. 标本的采集。The collection of plant specimens2. 腊叶标本的压制与装帧。The preparation of plant specimens3. 其它标本处理。Treatments on other types of specimens第五节 检索表 Sect. 5: Keys了解检索表的类型，学习检索表的编制及使用。Types of keys and their construction and use for plant identification第六节 被子植
14、物分类的主要形态术语 Sect. 6: Important morphological terms on flowering plants1. 根及根的变态。Root and its modification2. 茎及其变态。Stem and its modification3. 叶的常用形态术语。Morphological terms about leaf4. 花的常用形态术语。Morphological terms about flower5. 果实的常用形态术语。Morphological terms about fruit6. 种子的构造与形态术语。Morphological term
15、s about seed其次篇 树种各论Part II: Trees by Families第三章 裸子植物门 Chapter 3: Gymnospermae要求把握在我国分布的 9 个裸子植物的科，30-50 个有重要科学意义和经济价值的裸子植物种。Introduction features and species of 9 families and around 60-80 species of Gymnopsperms第一节 苏铁科、银杏科、南洋杉科 Sect. 1: Cycadaceae, Ginkgoaceae, Araucariaceae其次节 松科、杉科Sect. 2: Pina
16、ceae, Taxodiaceae第三节 柏科、罗汉松科Sect. 3: Cupressaceae, Podocarpceae第四节 三尖杉科、红豆杉科Sect. 4: Celphalotaxaceae, Taxaceae第四章 被子植物门双子叶植物纲 Chapter 4: the division of Angiospermae and the class of Dicotyledoneae要求把握在我国分布的木本双子叶植物 30-40 个科，120-150 个有重要科学意义和经济价值的木本双子叶植物种。Introduction features and species of 30-40 f
17、amilies and around 120-150 species of dicotylesons第一节 被子植物门特征、双子叶植物纲特征、木兰科、八角科、番荔枝科、樟科Sect. 1: Angiospermae, Dicotyledonae, Magnoliaceae, Illiciaceae, Annonaceae, Lauraceae其次节 蔷薇科、豆科苏木科、含羞草科、蝶形花科Sect. 2: Rosaceae, Leguminosae (or Mimosaceae, Caesalpinaceae and Papilionaceae)第三节 山茱萸科、蓝果树科、五加科、金缕梅科Sec
18、t. 3: Cornaceae, Nyssaceae, Araliaceae, Hamamelidaceae第四节 杨柳科、桦木科、壳斗科、榆科Sect. 4: Salicaceae, Betulaceae, Fagaceae, Ulmaceae第五节 胡桃科、桑科、山龙眼科、杜仲科、木棉科Sect. 5: Juglandaceae, Moraceae, Proteaceae, Eucommiaceae, Bobacaceae第六节 梧桐科、椴树科、大戟科、山茶科、龙脑香科Sect. 6: Sterculiaceae,Tiliaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Theaceae, Dp
19、terocarpaceae第七节 杜鹃花科、桃金娘科、石榴科、鼠李科、柿树科Sect. 7: Ericaceae, Myrtaceae, Punicaceae, Rhamnaceae, Rutaceae第八节 芸香科、楝科、无患子科、漆树科Sect. 8: Rutaceae, Meliaceae, Sapindaceae, Anacardiaceae第九节 槭树科、木犀科、茜草科Sect. 9: Aceraceae, Oleaceae, Rubiaceae第十节 紫葳科、马鞭草科、玄参科Sect. 10: Bignoniaceae, Verbenaceae, Scrophulariaceae第
20、五章 单子叶植物纲 Chapter 5: the class of Monocotyledoneae要求把握在我国分布的单子叶植物棕榈科和禾本科竹亚科，10-20 个有重要科学意义和经济价值的木本单子叶植物种。Introduction features and species of 30-40 families and around 10-20 species of monocotyledons第一节棕榈科Sect. 1: Plamae其次节禾本科及竹亚科Sect. 2: Gramineae and Bambusoideae二、考核方式及成绩评定 Examination and Scoring
21、本课程为考试课。由于林学本科的树木学实习为单独计算成绩的课程，因此，该课程学生的成绩由其课堂表现、作业及试验报告成绩、考试卷面成绩等综合评定。The course is an examination course. The final score of the course is determined by a integrated consideration through the score ofexamination, scores ofexercises andexperimental reports, attendance ranking in the class.三、教材及主要参考
22、书中文教材 Chinese Reference Book: 树木学南方本第一版或或其次版“Dendrology” (versoirosnoufthern areas, 1st or 2nd edition )主要英文参考书 English Reference Book: An Introduction to taxonomy of Angiosperms其它参考书 Other Reference Books:1. 中国科学院植物争论所，中国高等植物图鉴各卷，科学出版社2. 徐永椿主编，云南树木图志1-3 卷，云南科技出版社3. 中国植物志编委会，中国植物志各卷，科学出版社4. 云南植物志编委会
23、，云南植物志各卷，科学出版社四、学时分 Allocation of Teaching Hours章 序 和 内 容Contents节序Details1. 树木学定义争论范围等Dendrology and relative definitions2. 植物学分类根底Basics for plant taxonomy3. 养分器官分类形态学特征Morphology of vegetative organs课时Times2第一章 绪论Chapt. 12其次章 被子植物形态学特征Chapt. 224. 生殖器官分类形态学特征2Morphology of reproductive organs5. 裸子
24、植物特征及银杏科第三章 裸子植物分科Chapt. 3第四章 被子植物分科Chapt. 41双子叶植物纲分科Diocotyledoneae第五章 被子植物分科Chapt. 52单子叶植物分科Monocotyledoneae讲 授 学 时 合 计2Gymnospermae and Ginkgoaceae6. 苏铁科 南洋杉科和松科2Cycadaceae, Araucariaceae, Pinaceae7. 杉科柏科 三尖杉科 红豆杉科2Taxodiaceae, Cephaltxaceae, Taxaceae8. 木兰科、八角科、番荔枝科、樟科2Magnaaceae, Illiciaceae, An
25、naceae, Lauraceae9. 蔷薇科和豆科2Rosaceae, Leguminosae10. 山茱萸科 蓝果树科 五加科 金缕梅科2Connaceae, Nyssaceae, Araliaceae, Hamameliaceae11. 杨柳科 桦木科 壳斗科 榆科 胡桃科 桑科2Salicaceae,Betulaceae,Fagaceae,Ulmaceae, Juglandaceae, Moraceae12. 山龙眼科 石榴科 梧桐科 椴树科2Proteaceae, Punicaceae, Sterculiaceae, Tiliaceae13. 大戟科 山茶科 龙脑香科 杜鹃花科 桃金
26、娘科2Euphorbiaceae,Theaceae,Dipterocarpaceae, Ericaceae, Myrtaceae14. 鼠李科 柿树科 芸香科 楝科 无患子科 漆树科2Rhamnaceae,Ebenaceae,Rutaceae,Meliaceae, Sapindaceae, Anacardiaceae15. 槭树科 木犀科 茜草科 紫葳科 马鞭草科 玄参科2Aceraceae,Oleaceae,Rubiaceae,Bignoniaceae,Verbenaceae, Scrophulariaceae单子叶植物特征及棕榈科、禾本科2Monocotyledoneae, Palmae,
27、 Gramineae32大纲说明 Specification About The Syllabus一、本课程的性质及要求 Requirements of the Course本课程是争论树木的分类、分布、生物学生态学特性和利用价值的学科，是一门重要的专业根底课，由于植物种类识别是一切有关植物生态学、造林学、植物资源开发利用、生物多样性保护和治理的根本前提。通过本课程的学习，要求把握树木学的根本理论和根本学问，并学会应用植物分类的有关参考材料鉴定树种的根本技能。在此根底上，进一步了解和争论主要树种优良类型，为制定造林和营林的树种规划、森林病虫害的防治等供给理论依据。The course is t
28、eaching about the classification, distribution, biological and ecological characteristics, and uses of trees. It is an important and foundational course to the Forestry Specialty for the knowledge about tree species is a key to other fields related to plants such as ecology，silviculture, plant resou
29、rces, forest management, wildlife protection and natural conservation. After study the course, students should have learned theory and knowledge about trees and hence mastered some skills on tree identification which may be useful in silviculture, forest management and forest pest control, etc.对实行双语
30、教学的班级，要求在此根底上把握植物形态相关术语的英文名称、主要科的拉丁名和局部重要科常见树木种类的拉丁名和英文名称，最终能阅读较简洁的树木学或植物分类学英文原著。As a Chinese-English bilingual teaching course, students should also learn and know terms about plant morphology and taxonomy in English and some name of family and tree species in Latin. Hope them be able to read simpl
31、e English articles and books about trees or plant taxonomy.二、本课程的重点 Emphasized Contents of the Course本课程的重点是树木分类的有关理论、植物分类系统和具有重要科学意义和经济价值的科、属、种的识别。对实行双语教学的班级，要求同时把握植物形态相关术语的英文名称。Emphasized contents of the course Dendrology include theories tree classification and relative systems, identification of
32、 important families and the their representatives in genus or species level.To students in Chinese-English Bilingual Teaching class, they should also grip plant terminology in English.三、本课程对作业、试验、实习及课程设计的要求Requirements on Exercise, Experiment,Practice or Design本课程是一门实践性很强的学科，重视理论学习与实践教学相结合。除了在试验室的试验
33、中观看标本外，要求每次理论课和试验课后到校园或四周观看课堂和试验中提到的科中的常见种 类。每次试验均应有相应的试验报告，且报告应反映在校园内观看的结果。The course is a practical one needed to combine theory study and practice study to achieve a better result. After lecturing in class and observing in laboratory, students are encouraged to observe representative tree species
34、 in the campus. Students should summit a report after each experiment and the report should include contents what they have observed in the campus.四、本课程同其它课程的联系与分工Correlations of Dendrology with Other Courses树木学是林学专业的专业根底课。本课程以植物形态解剖学为根底，与土壤学、气象学有密 切联系。因此要求在学习本课程前首先应当学习一般植物学、植物形态解剖学中至少一门课程。Dendrolog
35、y is one of foundational courses in the Specialty of Forestry. Its a compulsory course. Itneeds students knowledge on botany as a precondition to get start. Besides, the course has closely connections with other courses such as pedology and aerography. It is necessary to students to be finished stud
36、y on either Botany or Plant Morphology and Anatomy.同时树木学又是植物资源学、野生生物资源开发与利用、药用植物学、植物化学、森林生 态学、林木培育学、森林经理学、生物多样性保护、自然保护区学等学科的根底理论之一。类似并可以在确定程度上起替代的课程为园林树木学、种子植物分类学、植物分类学或植物系统学， 但树木学主要侧重于木本植物的分类，而且主要集中在裸子植物和被子植物的双子叶植物纲上 中；园林树木学则主要适用于园林相关专业的学生。植物分类学和植物系统学则强调植物分类的 系统性，强调植物的演化及亲缘关系，涉及植物的范围要比树木学广泛。土壤学和气象学
37、对了解植物生长的自然环境有帮助。另外，作为双语教学的课程，需要学生有较好的英语根底。On the other hand, knowledge in Dendrology is necessary by other courses like plant resources, utilizations of wildlife, medicobotany, phytochemistry, silviculture, forest management, biodiversity conservation, and natural protection, etc. Other courses like
38、 dendrology for gardening, taxonomy of seed plants, plant classification or plant systematics may be similar or overlap in some degrees. However,dendrologyfocusesonwoodyplants,especiallyontreesfromgymnospermsand dicotylerdons of angiosperms. Dendrology for gardening is more suitable for students fro
39、m specialties relating to gardening. Plant taxonomy and plant systematics may more emphasize on the evolution of plants and their relationships. Its coverage is much broader than dendrology.Pedology and aerography may help students to understand the environments where plant growth.Besides, as a Chinese-English bilingual teaching course, students should have better capacity in English, in terms of reading, listening and speaking.