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1、2023春季新版八年级下册英语第一至三单元学问点小结Unit 1 Whats the matter?一、基础学问1. What s the matter?怎么啦？出什么事情了 ？【解析】matter/ maeta(r) /n,问题；事情What s the matter with you?=Whats the trouble with you?=WhatWhats the matter with you ?I have a bad cold.2.1 had a cold.我感冒了。have a cold=catch a cold=have the flu 感冒have a fever 发烧 h
2、ave a cough 咳嗽have a stomachache 胃疼，肚子疼 have a toothache 牙疼 have a headache 头疼3.身体部位+ache (难受)构成新的复合词stomach+ache=stomachache head+ache=headache tooth+ache=toothacheback+ache=backache 后背痛 much too+ 形容词,意为 太 ，too much+名词, 意为 许多，大量。 enough【形容、副词】足够的/地，enough放在名前后，形副后。good enough 足够好，enough money=much
3、money6.liedown躺下，lie躺,躺着,过去式lay； lie说谎，过去式lied maybe 或许，常用于句首,表示可能性,后加句子。Maybe you are right.may be,是情态动词+be的结构，意为可能，或许，后加名词、代词或形容词。He may be angry. sound like+名词代词和从句：It sounds like you dont know the truth.It sounds like a good idea.sound+形容词，“听起来,似乎，The music sounds nice. s wrong with you? 你怎么了 ？【
4、注】：matter和trouble为名词，其前可加the或形容词性物主代词，wrong是adj.不能加the【用法】用于询问某人有什么病或某人遇到什么麻烦、问题其后跟询问对象时，与介词With连用。即：Whats the matter with sb.? 二 Whats your trouble?二 Whats up? = What happens to sb.？Neither Tom nor Jim is a student 表达“也不则I用Neither /Nor + be / V助/ V情+主The first one wasnt bad, Neither wos the second.
5、10. The next day, my mom came home from work to find the bouse clean tidy.其次天，妈妈下班回到家后发觉房间很干净、整齐。【解析】find +宾语+宾语补足语【注】find 玲found 玲found v 找寻find sb. doing sth 发觉某人做某事(2) find it + adj. + to do sth 发觉做某事很 find it difficult/ hard to do sth 发觉做某事很困难She found _it_ hard to finish the work by herself.11.
6、 She asked in sumrise.她惊讶地问道.【解析】in surprise惊异地；惊讶地surprise v 使惊讶玲surprising adj. 令人惊讶的 玲surprised adj. 惊讶的to 0nds surprise 使某人惊讶的是in surprise 惊讶地be surprised at又寸感至此京讶To mv surprise(使我惊讶的是)/ he got the first prize in the exam.12Im do sorry, Mom. I finish understand that we needto sharethe housework
7、 to have a clean and comfortable home. I replied.“对不起，妈妈。我最终理解为了拥有一个干净、舒适的家我们须要共同来分担家务。我回答说。【解析1】need v须要用于确定句，是实义动词。人做主语,sb. need to do sth 某人须要做某事(2)物做主语 i sth need doing sthn sth need to be doneStudents need to have(have) a good rest in studying. The watch needs mending(mend).用于否定句或疑问句，是情态动词(l)ne
8、ednt 二 dont have to 没有必要need,must引导的一般疑问句，确定会的用must,否定回答用needr/tMust I go there now?Yes , you must/No, you neednt【解析2】share共享；共用share sth共享或共用某物share sth with sb, 与某人共享某物(All his friends Shored his happiness when he won the match.13. Could I hcma outwith my friends after the movie?看完电影后我能和挚友们一起闱逛吗？【
9、角华析】hangout 闲逛 hangup 把悬挂/挂起14. Could you please pa5s me thesa/t?你能把盐递给你吗?【解析】pass v 给；递；走过；通过passsb.sth把某物递给某人Pass on传递Please pass the paper on to the other students.v 通过；路过 I pass youi home.v 通过(考试) ；及格 Tom can pass his mrth exam.15. Could I borrowthat book?我能借下你那本书看吗.Could you lend me some money?
10、你能借我一些钱吗？【解析】borrow /lend/keepborrow借入，与from连用，尤指主语【借进来】borrow sth from sb. 从某人那里借某物You can borrow the book from the library.lend借出，与t。搭配【指借出去】lend sb sth=lend sth to sb 把某物借给某人He doesnt want to lend his book to others.ke即 保留，保存(持续动词，可以与表示一段时间的状语连用)【指借一段时间】【I己】 I want to borrow a bike from my friend
11、 but he didnt lend it to me,because Tom had keptit for two days.16.1 cut my finger and Im trvina not to aetit wet.我的手指割伤了，伤口不能弄湿。【解析】try (not) to do sth努力(不)做某事。try v试图，设法，努力【拓展】try on试穿(2) try tod。sth努力做某事【侧重尽力做】(3) try doing sth试图做某事【侧重尝试做】(4)try ones best to do sth二 do ones best to do sth 尽某人最大努力
12、估攵某事2.1 1 hate to do chores.我厌烦做家务。hate to do sth 厌烦做某事，表示某次详细行为或动作。I hate to trouble him.hate doing sth不情愿做某事 表示常常或习惯性行为或动作。She hates smoking in her room.18 .Could I ask you to help mewith some chores then?那我能恳求你帮我做些杂活吗？【解析】ask sb. to do sth要求某人做某事。ask for恳求，要某物ask sb. about sth 向某人询问关于某事(l)asksb.
13、for help向某人恳求帮助ask sb. (not) to do sth恳求某人做某事ask构成的短语:短语含义ask sb. to do sth请某人做某事ask sb. not to do sth不让某人做某事ask sb for sth向某人要某物ask for help寻求帮助19 .PII finishmy homework w6eyou help me with the dishes.当你帮我洗盘子的时候，我将完成我的家庭作业。【角华析1】finish doing sth 完成某事Can you finish _reading these books before 10 ocl
14、ock?Yes, I can.【解析2】while conj.在期间；当的时候While引导的时间状语从句的谓语动词只能是持续动词。_While _ the children have fun, parents can take dance lessons on the beach.【解析3】help sbwith sth.在某事上帮助某人。注help帮助 玲helpful adj.有帮助的(l)help sb. do sth.二help sb. with sth. 帮助某人做某事(2)with the help of sb.=with ones help 在某人的帮助之下(3)without
15、 the help of :殳有在的帮助之下/ think reading is very _helpful(help). _ Without your help, we couldn/t catch the thief.20. Could I invite my friends to a party?我能邀请我的挚友们来聚会吗？【解析】invite sb. to Sp.邀请某人去某地【解析】invite v- invitation n 邀请(1) invite sb.to do sth邀请某人做某事(2)invite sb.to +地点 邀请某人去某地1.1 1 dont understan
16、d why some parents make their kids helpwith housework and chores at home.我不理解为什么有些父母在家让孩子们帮忙做家务和杂务。【解析】make sb. do sth让某人做某事make玲 made玲made v.做，制作, 使得make sb/sth +形容词让某人或某物 make you happy(2) make sb/sth do sth 使某人做某事make me laugh.Colors can change our moods and make us _Jeel_ happy or sad, energetic
17、 or sleep.22 .They dont have time to studyand do housework , too.他们也没有时间来学习家务和做家务。【解析】have time tod。sth.有时间做某事have time =be free 有空23 . Housework is a waste of their time.做家务是在奢侈他们的时间。【解析】a waste of奢侈a waste of time奢侈时间a waste of money 奢侈金钱wastev 奢侈waste time/money on sthwaste time / money (in) doin
18、g sth 在做某事上花费时间/金钱Don/twaste water. Can/t you see the sign “save water?24 .They should spend their time or?schoolwork in order toget good grades andget intoa good university.为了取得好成果并考上一所好高校，他们应当把时间用在学习上。解析1 spend. on sth在某事上花费spend/pry/cost/take 花费spend玲spent玲spent v花费，主语是人 sb+ spend + 时间/钱+on sth s
19、b. +spend + 日寸间/钱+ ( in ) doing sth spend on= pay for 支付He spends too much time on the computer games.Remember to spend some time _A/ith_ your loved ones, because they/re not going to be around forever.My father_spent one hundred thousand yuan on his new car.pay玲paid玲paid v 支付主语是人 sb.+ pay + 钱+for s
20、th I pay 10 yuan for the book. How much did you_pay_ for this computer?Five hundred dollars.cost玲cost玲cost V 花费主语是某物或某事 sth cost sb. +钱 某物花费某人多少钱A new computer costs me a lot of money./ bought a new sweater last weekend. It cost_ me 120 yuan.(4)take玲took 玲 taken v 花费 It takes/took sb. some time to d
21、o sth. 做某事花费某人多长时间It takes him 3 hours to do his homework.【解析2】in order to 目的是；为了”后接动词原形。in order to do sth 为了估攵某事He ran quickly in order not _ to be late for the meeting.【角华析 3】get into=enter 进入【拓展】与get相关的短语：getup 起床 get back 返回 get over 克月艮get dressed 穿衣 get into 进入 get/be lost 丢失 get off/on 下/上车g
22、et on well with sb.与某人相处得好 get out of 从出来get warm 变暧get ready for +n.为做打算get ready to do sth.打算做某事get well康复 get a chance 有机会、得到机会get/go to sleep(fall asleep)入睡相关：(be asleep 睡着)25 .Also,when they get older,they will have to do housrwork so theres no need for them to do it now.而且，当他们长大的时候，他们也将会做家务，因此
23、，他们没必要现在在做。【解析】get older长大get/ become/ go 辨析：get+adj较多地与形容词比较级连用。The days are getting longer and longer.become强调变更的结果Its becoming colder and colder.go+a d j.11表示令人不快的事情go bad 变坏 , go blind 变瞎，go hungry 挨饿26 . It is the parents/ job to provide aclean and comfortable environment at home fortheir child
24、ren. 在家为孩子们供应一个干净、舒适的环境是父母的义务。【解析】provide sth. for sb.为某人供应某物provide v 供应provide sb. with sth. （sb 前介词用 forj二provide sth for sb.（ sth 前需力口介词 with）供应某人某物相当于:offer sb. sth./ offer sth to sb.provide为应急等做好打算而供 应；供应provide sb. with sth.=provide sth for sb.供应某人某物offer侧重表示情愿赐予offer sb. sth. = offer sth to
25、sb.对某人供应某物offer to do sth主动提出干某事supply定期供应，强调替代或补充所需物品Supply sb. with sth=supply sth. to sb.为某人供应某物The Internet provides us_with_a lot of_information we need.（2）Could you please provide us_with some information about the students/ health?Of course, it/s my pleasure.27 . And anyway,I think doing chor
26、es is not so difficult.无论如何，我认为做家务并不那么难。【解析】anyway无论如何,（一般放在句首，用逗号和句子隔开）28.1 think it is important for children to learnhow to do chores and help theirparents with housework.我认为对孩子们来说，学习如何做杂务并帮助他们的父母做家务是很重要的。【解析】It is important for sb. to do sth.对某人来说做某事是重要的29. Children these days depend ontheir par
27、ents too much.现在的孩子太依靠他们的父母。【解析】depend on 依靠；信任Shall we go for a picnic tomorrow?Well, it all depends on the weather.30. . Everyone should do their part in keeping it clean and tidy.每个人都有责任保持家里的干净和整齐。【解析1】 d。ones part 尽职责；尽本分Do ones part in doing sth在做某事上尽职责【解析2】keep+sth/sb.+adj.”使处于某种状态,Her mother
28、asked her to keep the windows_open_ and the door_closed_. keep 系动词 ”保持 keep + adj . We must keep healthy.实义动词保持；接着keep ( on ) doing sth 接着做某事He was in great pain but he kept on workingHe kept on _ talking_ after the ball rang for class.keep sb. Doing sth 让某人始终做某事Im sorry to have kept you waiting for
29、 so long.My teacher kept me _doing homework all the afternoon.31. Doing chores helps to develop childrens independenceand teaches themhow to look after themselves.做杂务不仅可以培育孩子们的独立性还可以教他们如何照看自己。【解析】develop independence培育独立意识develop development n发展玲developing发展的玲developed adj.发达的a developing country 一个
30、发展中国家a developed country 一个发达国家China is a_developing country.32. Sincethey live in one house with their parents, they should know that everyone should do their part in keeping it clean and tidy.既然他们和父母同住在一个房子里，他们应当知道保持家里干净、整齐每个人都应当参与。【解析】since conj.既然（表示对方已知的事实或理由，常放在句首） .You have been in Neijiang v
31、ery long?Yeah. _Since my parents came here.33. Our neighbors son got into a good college but during his first year, he had n idea how to take care of himself.我们邻居的儿子上一所好高校，但是在第一年的时候，他还不知道如何照看自己。【解析】take care of口盲看Thanks for your invitation, but Im so sorry I cant go. I need to take care of my baby a
32、t home.【拓展】与take相关的短语:take photos/pictures 照像take away 拿走take out 取出（work out 算出）take care 当心take medicine 月艮药take place 发生take one/s temperature 量体温take ones time 别焦急take a walk 漫步34.4s a resu/t, he often fell illand his grades dropped.结果，他常常生病，功课也落下了。【解析1】as a result结果（插入语，放在句首，用逗号隔开）Dont ask him
33、too late into the night, _As a result, he is only a small child.【角华析2】fall ill生病 fall asleep 入睡35 .The earlierkids learn to be independent, the betterit is for their future.孩子们越早学会独立，对他们的将来越好。【解析】the+比较级，the+比较级越越The more you smile, the happier you will feel.9. need须要，实义动词need+名词，须要某物；need to do sth
34、.须要做某事,主语通常是人，表示人主动的动作:You need to listen carefully during class.need doing sth,主语通常是物，表示被动的动作：Your dirty clothes need washing.10. get off (the bus)下(公交车)get on 上车11. agree同意,赞同；(agree with sth,同意某事 如：I agree with that idea.aqree to sb, 同意某人的看法 如：I agree to Li Lei,12. trouble 问题，麻烦；be in trouble 遇到麻
35、烦,make trouble 制造麻烦，have trouble (in) doing sth. =have difficulties (in) doing sth 做有麻烦。13. right away=right now=at once, 意为 立亥U。14. 【复习】advice 不行数名词劝说，建议，向征求看法，give sb. advice on sth.就某事给某人建 议；advise 动词advise sb. to do sth.建议某人做某事advise sb. doing sth.15. 【复习】exercise练习、熬炼当exercise意为“练习”时，为可数名词即可加s当
36、exercise意为“熬炼”时，为不行数名词 即不加s16. hurt及物动词,使难受，受伤，He hurt his leg while exercising.不及物动词，(部位)疼。 His leg hurt badly.17. clean【动词】打扫,clean the classroom打扫教室,【形容词】广净的 ，cleaner意为 清洁工 。18. hit(用手或器具)打；击打 The boy hit the dog with a stone.hit sb. on the head/nose/back打某人的头、鼻子、后背，on用在所打较硬的部位；hit sb. in the fac
37、e/ eye/ stomach打某人的脸、眼睛、肚子,in用在所打较软的部位。19. be used to sth./ doing sth.习惯于、适应了、做某事，强调状态；His grandpa was used to country life.Mary is not used to getting up early in the morning.ggjZ becomeused to sth./ doing sth.“变得习惯,渐渐适应强调过程、动作：Its difficult for one to get used to another countrys habit.20. 【复习 1 f
38、ree 形容词空闲的 free time；免费的 the drink is for free；自由的 I want to become a free bird.free【动词】使解脱,得到自由：He could not free his arm.21. run out用完，用完When his water run out, he knew that he would have to do something to save his own life.物sth. run out.某物用完了。人 sb. run out of sth. 人用完了某物。He run out of all his mo
39、ney last night.22. risk (sb.) to do sth.冒险去做某事 take a risk二take risks 冒险23. the importance of (doing) sth.(做)某事的重要性We students should know the importance of (learning) English, importance n. 重要 (性), important adj.重要的，unimportant adj.不重要的24. decision【名词】确定；选择；make a decision 做确定； make a decision to d
40、o sth.= decide to do sth.。25. be in the control of .掌管, 管理 The headmaster is in the control of this new school, be out of control无法限制，无法管理be under control被限制住，在限制之中26. 复习mind 意为 介意, mind doing sth.介意做某事，Would you mind my opening the window?27. give up (doing) sth. 放弃 (做) 某事,give up (playing) compute
41、r games； give up后可接名词、代词和动词ing形式,也可不接,如：Never give up easily.二、重点语法【反身代词】英语中共有八个反身代词，在运用时应留意和它所指的相应的对象在人称、性别、数上保持 一样。第一人称其次人称第三人称单数myselfyourselfhimself herself itself复数ourselvesyourselvesthemselves【用法】1 .可用作宾语，指的是宾语和主语表示同一个或同一些的人或事物。如：Maria bought herself a scarf.We must look after ourselves very w
42、ell.2 .可用作表语，指的是表语和主语表示同一个或同一些人或事物。如： She isnt quite herself today.3 .可用作主语或宾语的同位语，常用来加强语气。如：She herself will fly to London tomorrow.I met the writer himself last week.4 .用在某些固定短语当中。如: look after oneself / take care of oneself 照看自己teach oneself sth./ learn sth. by oneself 自学enjoy oneself玩得兴奋，过得开心hel
43、p oneself to sth请自用（随意吃/喝些）.hurt oneself摔伤自己say to oneself自言自语leave sb. by oneself把某人单独留下 buy oneself sth.给自己买东西introduce oneself 介绍自己【提示】1 .反身代词不能单独做主语，但可以做主语的同位语，起强调作用。如：我自己能完成作业。（误）Myself can finish my homework. （正）I myself can finish my homework. / I can finish my homework myself.2 .反身代词表示某人自己不能
44、表示某人的东西，因为它没有全部格的形式。表达某人自己的（东西）时，须要用ones own.如：我用我自己的蜡笔画画。（误）lm drawing with myself crayons.（正）Im drawing with my own crayons.Unit 2 Ill help to dean up the city parks一.基本学问点1. sick 生病的,有病的；可在句中作表语 Mary could not come because she is sick.也可作定语a sick child【区分ill ill与sick同义；但是只在句中做表语，不做定语。Mary could n
45、otcome because she is ill.2. cheer （sb.） up （让某人）变得兴奋；激昂起来 The good news cheered up everyone in our class.3. give out分发；散发，相当于hand out,The teacher is giving out/ handing out the test papers.give sth. out to sb.意为把某物分发给某人。4. volunteer【名词】志愿者【动词】义务做，自愿做（某事）volunteer to do sth.自愿做某事,The girls could vol
46、unteer in an after-school study program.5. used to do sth.过去/曾经（常）做某事，表示过去的习惯、动作或状态，并强调现在已经不再存在或发 生。There used to be a cinema here.这里曾有一个照相机。They told me stories about the past and how things used to be.他们告知我关于这里过去的故事。6. alone【形容词】独自一人的，无感情色调：The musician enjoyed living alone and writing songs himself.lonely （感到）孤独孤独的，带有很强的感情色调，可做表语或定语。The lonely boy is not lonely now.7. care for sb./sth,照看；照料care【名词】当心，关切take care of=look after 一【动词】care about sb ./sth .关切，在意某人/事一形容词careful 细致的 / careless马虎的一【副词】careful