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1、 硕士学位论文 MASTERSTHESIS A Study of Liang Qichao as a Translator A Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the MA. Degree in English Language and Literature (On Translation Theory and Practice) By Tan Feng Postgraduate Program School of Foreign Languages Central China Normal Uni
2、versity Supervisor: Hua Xianfa Academic Title: Professor Signature Approved April 2006 硕士学位论文 MASTERS THESIS 华中师范大学学位抡文原刳性声明和使用梭权说明 原创性声明 本人郑重声明：所呈交的学位论文，是本人在导师指导下，独立进行研究工作 所取得的研究成果。除文中已经标明引用的内容外，本论文不包含任何其他个人或 集体已经发表或撰写过的研究成果。对本文的研究做出贡献的个人和集体，均已在 文中以明确方式标明。本声明的法律结果由本人承担。 作者签名 : 曰期年 J 月 乂 曰 学位论文版权使用梭
3、权书 本学位论文作者完全了解学校有关保留、使用学位论文的规定，即：学校有权 保留并向国家有关部门或机构送交论文的复印件和电子版，允许论文被查阅和借 阅。本人授权华中师范大学可以将本学位论文的全部或部分内容编入有关数据库进 行检索，可以采用影印、缩印或扫描等复制手段保存和汇编本学位论文。 作者签名 : 曰期 : 义 4 年 义 月曰 导师签 曰期： .名 : 一月个曰 本人已经认真阅读 “CALIS高校学位论文全文数据库发布章程 ” ，同意将本人的 学位论文提交 “CALIS高校学位论文全文数据库 ”中全文发布，并可按 “章程 ” 中的 规定享受相关权益。 同意论文提交后滞后：口半年：年； 二年
4、发布。 作者签名： 曰期 : 年艾月 “ 曰 导师签名： 曰期 : 硕士学位论文 MASTERS THESIS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS First of all, I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my supervisor, Professor Hua Xianfa, for his valuable advice, constant encouragement and frank criticism at various stages of the development of the thesis. I am als
5、o grateful to all the teachers in the Department of English Language and Literature, Central China Normal University, especially Professor Chen Hongwei and Professor Li Yadan, who have greatly benefited my intellectual growth through their inspiring lectures. Also I would like to thank my friends, c
6、lassmates and colleagues who have offered their helping hands in one way or another during the course of the thesis-writing. Finally, my heart-felt thanks go to my mother for her love and care all through these years. Whenever I feel weak, her comfort, encouragement and support are zilways there to
7、soothe me and renew my strength to move forward. 硕士学位论文 MASTERS THESIS 内容摘要 梁启超是中国近代史上一位著名的思想家、政治活动家、文学家。在学术上， 他是一位百科全书式的大师，举凡哲学、政治、经济、历史、文学、宗教、艺术、 语言等各个方面，无不精研，著作等身，被中国学术界奉为 “鸿儒 ” 。梁启超研究 是学术界长期以来的重点和热点。本文作者认为，相对于梁启超研究的其它方面， 学术界对其翻译方面的研究关注不够，成果不多。其实，作为近代重要的翻译评论 家和翻译史家的梁启超对翻译的功能有着深刻的认识，就翻译理论方面的很多问题 提
8、出过深刻的见解。他的翻译活动和翻译思想对中国近代翻译事业的发展产生过极 为重大的影响。 本文作者在广泛收集有关梁启超翻译活动的文献资料和深入学习梁启超关于 翻译方面的论述的基础上，旨在对梁启超的翻译活动和翻译思想做一个全面的、系 统的梳理和描述，并结合其所处的时代背景，分析决定其整个翻译活动和翻译思想 的深层因素，以期让人们对梁启超的翻译活动、翻译思想及其对中国翻译事业的贡 献有一个全面深入的认识。 本文分为四个章节。 第一章是引言，简述了译家研究的历史发展和现状，并介绍了梁启超的翻译生 涯和其翻译研究的文献综述。 第二章是对梁启超的翻译活动的一个全面的描述。该章分为三节。第 一节介绍 了梁启
9、超的翻译作品，并分析了其翻译目的和译文特点等。第二节总结了梁启超在 传播西方思想方面所进行的活动，主要包括创办报刊、出版社和对西方理论学说的 译介。第三节介绍了梁启超在中国翻译史方面的研究，包括他对佛经翻译史和科技 翻译史的研究。 第三章对梁启超的翻译思想进行了系统的梳理，将之归纳为五个方面，分作五 节来论述。这五个方面是：梁启超对翻译重要性的认识；梁启超针对当时中国的翻 译现状而提出的 “译书三义 ”，即 “择当译之本 ”、 “定公译之例 ”、 “养能译之才 ” ； 梁启超关于翻译文体的看法；梁启超对政治小 说翻译的提倡；梁启超的通过日文转 译西方著作的主张。在论述的过程中，作者分析了这些思
10、想产生的深层原因和它们 的影响及历史意义。 第四章是结论。这一部分对前几章进行了总结并认为，梁启超的翻译活动和翻 译思想是同他所处的时代背景息息相关的。作为政治活动家和爱国知识分子的梁启 碩士学位论文 MASTERS THESIS 超，其翻译活动和翻译思想都是为其政治需要服务的。他的整个翻译活动和翻译思 想都有着明确的目的，那就是救国图存、启蒙民智。作为中国近代重要的翻译家， 梁启超对中国翻译事业的影响深远，贡献巨大。 关键词：梁启超；翻译家研究；翻译活动；翻译思想 碩士学位论文 MASTERS THESIS ABSTRACT Liang Qichao was a renowned think
11、er, political activist and litterateur in modem Chinese history. Academically, he was an encyclopedic master who was well versed in such diverse fields as philosophy, politics, economics, history, literature, religion art and language. With many works to his credit, Liang was esteemed as the grand s
12、cholar, by the Chinese academic circles. The study on Liang Qichao has long been the focus of the academic world. However, the study on his translation, to the writer of the present thesis, is far &om sufficient and fruitful compared with the study on him in other aspects. Actually, as an important
13、translation critic and translation historian in modern Chinese history, Liang had a profound understanding of the function of translation. He had put forth a multitude of insightful views on different issues of translation theories. His translation activities as well as translation thoughts have exe
14、rted considerable influence on the development of modem Chinese translation undertakings. Based on a broad collection of materials about Liang Qichaos translation activities and a conscientious study of his exposition on translation, the present thesis is intended to sort out and make a comprehensiv
15、e and systematic description of Liang Qichao5s translation activities as well as his translation thoughts. Meanwhile, by taking into account the historical background of Liang time, it also analyzes the underlying factors that determined the whole of Liangs translation activities and translation tho
16、ughts. Hopefully, the efforts of this thesis will be of help to a better understanding of Liang translation activities, translation thoughts and his contribution to the Chinese translation undertakings. The thesis consists of four chapters. Chapter One, the introductory part, gives an overview of th
17、e development and current situation of translator studies. It also introduces the translation career of Liang Qichao and offers a literature review of the study on Liang as a translator. Chapter Two gives a comprehensive description of Liang Qichao5s translation activities. It is made up of three pa
18、rts. The first part introduces Liang*s translations and discusses his intentions for translating and the characteristics of his translations. The second part deals with Liang5s efforts in disseminating Western thoughts, which include 頦士学位论文 MASTERS THESIS establishing newspapers, periodicals and pub
19、lishing houses as well as translating and introducing Western theories. The third part is an account of Liang research on the Chinese translation history. It includes his research on the history of Chinese Buddhist scripture translation and Chinese sdence and technology translation. Chapter Three so
20、rts out Liang Qichao thoughts on translation and isummarizes them in five aspects, which are dwelt upon in five parts: Liang recognition of the importance of translation; Liang views on the three important issues of translation he raised, namely, the choice of the origuial works, the unification of
21、terms in translation and the training of translators; Liang opinion on the style of translation; Liang advocacy of the translation of political novels and Liang pioposition on the translation of Western books via Japanese. The underlying reasons for these thoughts as well as the influence and signif
22、icance of them are analyzed. Chapter Four is the concluding part of the whole thesis. It sums up the previous chapters and concludes that all of Liang Qichao translation activities and translation thoughts were closely related with the historical background of his time. As Liang was more a political
23、 activist and patriotic intellectual than a translator, all of his translation activities and translation thoughts were at the service of his political needs. With a clear and definite purpose, that is, to save the Chinese nation and to enlighten the Chinese people, his translation activities were c
24、onducted and his translation thoughts were formulated. Liang Qichao is an important and influential translator in modem Chinese history. His contribution to the Chinese translation undertakings, which is by no means negligible, should never be underestimated. Key words: Liang Qichao; translator stud
25、ies; translation activities; translation thoughts i HP #士学位论丈 MASTERS THE! CONTENTS Acknowledgements . . . . . . i Abstract in Chinese . . il Abstract in English . . . . . iv 1. Introduction . . . . . 1 1.1 Research Background . . 1 1.2 Profile of Liang Qichao as a Translator . 2 1.3 Literature Revi
26、ew of Liang Qichao as a Translator. 4 2. Liang Qichaos Translation Activities . . . 6 2.1 Translating Foreign Literature . 6 2.1.1 The Adventures of the Beauties. . . 6 2.1.2 Fifteen Little Heroes . .8 2.1.3 Giaour and Don Juan . ， .！ 0 2.1.4 Other translations . 14 2.2 Disseminating Western Thought
27、s . 14 2.2.1 Establishing Newspapers, Periodicals and Publishing Houses . 15 2.2.2 Translating and Introducing Western Theories . 16 2.3 Researching Chinese Translation History . 18 2.3.1 Researching the History of Chinese Buddhist Scripture Translation . 18 2.3.2 Researching the History of Chinese
28、Science and Technology Translation . 19 3. Liang Qichao， s Translation Thoughts . 21 3.1 On the Importance of Translation . 21 3.2 On the Three Important Issues of Translation . 24 3.2.1 On the Choice of the Original Works . 24 琐士学位论文 MASTERS THESIS 3.2.2 On the Unification of Terms in Translation .
29、 26 3.2.3 On the Training of Translators . 27 3.3 On the Style of Translation . 28 3.4 On the Translation of Political Novels . 29 3.4.1 Liangs Advocacy of the Translation of Political Novels . 30 3.4.2 Liangs Translation and Creation of Political Novels . 32 3.4.3 The Influence of Liang5s Advocacy
30、. 33 3.5 On the Translation of Western Books via Japanese . 34 4. Conclusion . 37 Bibliography 39 颁士学位论文 MASTERS THESIS 1. Introduction 1.1 Research Background Traditional research on translation, both in China and the West, was generally source-oriented, focusing its attention on how to make a good
31、 translation possible. Both of the two dominant approaches in the fieldthe literary approach and the linguistic approachhave long been employed in working out a package of universal strategies, so as to realize the ideal goal (faithfulness or equivalence) in translation. The literary approach confin
32、ed the study of translation to the aesthetic evaluation of translated works and to the discussions on such issues as translatability and untranslatability, literal and liberal translation, as well as translation techniques and skills. Its major concern was to reproduce as faithfully as possible the
33、content, form, style, and even spirit of the original works. While the linguistic approach held translating to be essentially a process of linguistic transfer. It overstressed the regularities of languages, trying to turn translation into a pure linguistic manipulation, and neglecting its humanity.
34、Hermans points out that Linguistics has undoubtedly benefited our understanding of translation as far as the treatment of unmarked, non-literary texts is concerned. But as it proved too restricted in scope to be of much use to literary studies generallywitness the frantic attempt in recent years to
35、construct a text linguisticsand unable to deal with the manifold complexity of literary works, it became obvious that it could not serve as a proper basis for the study of literary translation either.(Snell-Homby, 2001:23) The prescriptive, source-oriented approaches, which were solely concerned wit
36、h language transfer, focused more on the end product of translation than on the process involved in the creation of that product and on the theory behind the creation. In consequence, the translatorthe subject of translation was taken as an obedient servant or an invisible man who merely carried out
37、 pure linguistic transformation. And this resulted in fewer endeavors on the study of the translator than there should have been. With the rise of cultural criticism and cultural studies to a dominant position in Western academic studies, quite a number of scholars have begun to view and study trans
38、lation from cultural perspectives and they have moved culture studies closer to QjimN 士学位论文 MASTERS THESIS translation studies. Since the 1970s, translation studies has been in its diversity, which breaks through the constraints of both traditional literary and modem linguistic models, and takes a c
39、ultural turn. The culture turn has brought about new dimensions and approaches, providing theoretical backup for the research on the translator. The target-oriented approach, resulting from this shift, foregrounds the cultural identities and roles of translators in the translation process. Therefore
40、, the translators subjectivity has become a necessary and important research subject for translation researchers. The scope of translation studies now has expanded to such subjects as the selection of the original texts before translating, the influence of translators5 ideology on translation, the i
41、nfluence of the target culture on translation strategies, the effects of translated texts on the target culture. All these research subjects are closely related to the translator. “Translation tells us more about the translator than about the work translated”.（谢天振， 2000:12-13) With the appearance of
42、 the cultural turn in translation studies, the translator begins to walk out to the front stage. It can be safely said that it is a turn from language to culture and then to people, highlighting their subjective roles. It is “the translators turn” in translation studies, as Douglas Robinson claims. (Gentzler, 2001:189) Though translator studies in China can be claimed to have a long history, a systematic study of the translator-oriented approach did not start until the 1980s. However, great progress has been made in this field in t