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1、考点22语法填空之有提 示词（原卷版）命题簿势【命题解读】语法填空则更侧重考杳考生语法和词汇在语境中的运用，强调词汇的变形.同时强调语篇分析能力，凸显交际性和语境化特征。有提示词的空处一般考查的是动、名、形、副.解题 步聚语篇填空把握全文大意，为下一步填空做好“语意”上的准备.因为“语直”决定看空（1 通读全文处应垠一个什么宜思的词语，从而进一步决定应该采用什么样的讲法形式 理解大意这是一个判断空白处应填词语的“语意”和正确的语法形式的思维过程。先忽略一 丽丽城时无法确定的题目，在核查时联系上下文作答 先易后难备考策略在语篇中在具体的语境和语篇中进行词汇、语法知识的学习和应用 训练考点动词的不
2、规则变化、非谓语动词的形式、词性间的相互转换、单词的正确拼写等必须 SaueF记牢记准 务实基础加强专项训缥专项训练有助于总结规律，提高解题技能,增强应对此题型的能力词的派生非谓语动词 诃的派生比较等级词的派生谓语动词派生为形容词 六派生为动词-L名词的所有格2词的电攵数派生为形容词 十派生为名词 厂派生为副词 最高级 比较级反身代词人称代词物上代词再思转化和用法形容词、副词派生为形容词 派生为名词 过去分词 T现在分词 T动名词 厂不定式 I虚拟is气 主谓一致 I语态I时态IJHL高频考点之一：提示词为动词1.考查谓语动词-谓语动词一技巧：句子无 谓语动词或有 并列连词连接 作并列谓语谓致
3、一般现在时1.时标（evei y上下文2.形式：do/docs （牢记三单变化规则一般过去时 1 .时标（in 2019/in tlic past/.ago/thc other （lav.）：上下主2.形式：did （牢记规则和不规则变化）现在完成时 1 .时标（since./fon.Jin the psat./up to now/soL Gir）;上下文 2.形式：luivc/h;is done-一般现在时被动语态：ain/is/jii c done 一般ii去时变动语态：wiis/wcrc done 现在完成时被动语态：havc/has been done-含有情态助动词的变动语态：C2U
4、i/must/shoiilcl.bc doner 1.做主语一般表单数慨念：单数名词/不可数名词。10不 定式/动名词doing/不定代词/主语从句2.就近原则和就远原则L 3.定语从句从句谓语动词要和先行词保持一致【解题攻略】第一步3确定是否作谓】苜先，分析句干结构，若句中无调语动词，或者虽然已有谓语动词，但空处所需词与之 是并列关系时，空处就用渭语动词。第二步，若填谓语动词，就要考虑时态、语态和主谓一致：看“时间”定时态（注意语境中暗含的时间状语）：看“主语”定语态（看主语是否为动作的发出者）:看人称和数，确保主消一致【例】2021全国卷甲】The Xian City Wall is (h
5、e most complete city wall (hat has survived Chinas long history. It 41 (build) originally(o protect the city 42.in the Tangdynasty and has now been completely restored (修复).分析：第一步：确定填谓语.分析句子成分可知，空处和has now been completely restored”作并列谓语。第二步考虑时态、语态和主调一致.有时间状语“in the Tang dynasty”可知发生在过去,根据主语“il (the
6、Xian City Wall)与动词build之间是被动关系，故用一般过去时的被动语态。2.考查非谓语动词doingI.动名词作主语；在imajjinc/H、id/miud等动词或介词后作宾语:2 .现在分词作定语表主动正在进行，作宾补衣正在进行；3 .情感类现在分词作定语或衣语修饰物,表示令人的:给动词非谓语动词4 .现在分词作状语与逻辑主悟表主动关系：工某些固定句式：spend 时间(in) lining sth: It is no use/j)ol doingsth; he busy doing sth; have difficulty (in) doing sth.技巧：句子 已经有谓
7、语 动词且没有 并列连词连 接并列谓语rl.不定式做主语表去做某事，常用在形式主语句中如It takes6 时间 todoMh/his+adj.tdo$U： 2.作目的状语：3.在to do - hpe/c|cu/m；1nsic/decide等动词后向做宾语：士在某些动词后_宾未卜：；山inspire.sh (o tlility/ch:incc.t so th 5.在形容词后或-I.过去分词作状语与逻轼主语表被动关系：done_ 2.现在分词作定语或宾语补足语(have sth lonc/sconlused worry* worried excite*excitingi，. +词缀ive转化为
8、形容词attractattractive有吸引力的impressimpressive给人卬象深亥U的instruct-instructive有教育意义的i，.+词缀-ful/less转换为形容词cheercheerful兴高采烈的doubtdoublful怀疑的forgetforgetful健忘的thank-thankful感激的2 .动词转换为名词也+ -ion/-tion/ atioii/-sion转换为名词，表示“状态或行为“celebratecelebration n.庆祝competecompetition 比赛pollute-*pollution 污染educate educati
9、on 教育i，.+ment转换为名词，表示“行为或结果”achieveachievement /.成就announce-announcement n. 宣布argueargument . 争论， 论据developdevelopment 发展Sv.+-er/-or转换为名词，表示人performperformer n.表演者settlesettler n.移民者educateeducator n.教育家directdirector n.导演3 .名词的单复数t若提示词是可数名词单数，分析句子成分后发现词性不需要改变，此时应考虑填名词的 复数。若有以下情况考虑名词复数：有数词或 these, t
10、hose, several, many. all. both, various, numerous 等词修饰时用名词复 数形式。名词的有。栈of时用名词发数形式。若谓语动词是复数形式，则空处应填名词复数形式。4 .名词转换成形容词提示词为名词，如果作定语修饰后面的名词，则一般考查名词变形容词。注意名词变形容词的后缀. + ablchonor一honorablenaturenatural.+colour-colourful.+-enM. woodwooden.+ -yadj. wealthwealthy5 .名词转换成动词提示词为名词，如果作谓语或非谓语，则一般考查名词变动词。熟记名词变动词的前
11、缀 /后缀加前缀 en-： courageencourage vf.鼓励danger endanger vt,危及；使遭到危险加后缀-en: strengthstrengthen v，.加强加后缀-ize: apology apologize r.道歉6 .填名词的所有格提示词与其后的名词是所屈关系，应考虑名词的所有格。单数名词和不以-s结尾的复数名词通常在词尾加入。以或心结尾的复数名词，形式为-s或心.7 .形容词、副词添加词锻变反义词根据句意和前后逻辑关系，确定句意表否定时，添加否定前缀(un-, ini-, dis-等)或否 定后缀(Jess)变为反义词。8 .形容词、副词转换为比较级、
12、最高级(1)利用标志词确定比较等级题 H 中有 much, far, still, even, rather, a little, a bit, u lot, u great 加 a I, than 等标志性词汇 时用比较级。设空后有表示葩围的标志词in, of, among等时用最高级。设空前有。nc of the, the+序数词等修饰词时，用最高级。(2)利用固定句型“thc+比较级.the+比较级.”表示“越就越(3)利用隐含信息判断句中虽没有标志词，但暗含比较级或最高级，也需要用比较级或最高级。9 .提示词为代词，当句子缺少主语、定语、宾语或表语时，一般填代词；1 .作主语：人称代词
13、主格(1.we. you. he等)2 .作宾语/表语：人称代词宾格(me, us, him, them, it等)、名词性物主代词(oufs, mine,yours, its 等)3 .作定语：形容词性物主代词(our. my, your, their等)4 .如果宾语与主语是指同一人，用反身代词(myself, yourself： itself)5 .填il的情况：作形式主语或形式宾语：指代前而提到的同一个事物或情况。6 . thal, those作替代诩 用来代替已提到的名词,以避免重复。【真题11【2022年新高考1卷】The Chinese government recently f
14、inalized a plan to set up a Giant Panda National Park(GPNP). 56 (covcr)an area about three limes 57 size of Yellowstone National Park, the GPNPwill be oncofthc first national parks in the country. The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that 58 (be)prcviously unprotected, br
15、inging many of the existing protected areas for giant pandas under one authority 59(incrcasc)cffcctivcncss andreduce inconsistencies in management.After a three-year pilot period, the GPNP will be officially set up next year. The GPNP 60 (dcsign)to reflect the guiding principle of 44 protecting the
16、authenticity and inlcgrily(完 整性)of natural ecosystems, preserving biological diversity, protecting ecological buffer zones.61 leaving behind precious natural asqel6(资产)fbr future generationsM . The GPNPs main goal is to improve connectivity between separate 62 (population)and homes of giant pandas,
17、and 63 (cvcntual)achicvc a desired level of population in the wild.Giant pandas also serve an umbrella species(物种)，bringing protection to a host of plants and animals in the southwestern and northwestern parts of China. The GPNP is intended to provide stronger protection for all the species 65 live
18、within the Giant Panda Range andsignificantly improve the health of the ecosystem in the area.【真题2【2022年全国甲卷】A visually-challenged man from Beijing recently hiked (徒步)40 days to Xian, as a first step61 (journey) the Belt and Road rouie (路线)by foot.On the 1,100. Kilometer journey, the man Cao Shengka
19、ng, 62 lost his eyesight at the age of eight in a car accident, crossed 40 cities and counties in three province. Inspired by the Bek and Road Forum International Cooperation 63 (hold) in Beijing, Cao decided to cover the route by hiking as a tribute (致敬)lo the ancient Silk Road. 64 friend of his, W
20、u Fan, volunteered to be his companion during (he trip.Cao and Wu also collected garbage along the road, in order io promote environmental 65 (protect). Cao believes this will make the hiking trip even more 66 (meaning). The two of them collected more than 1.000 plastic bottles along the 40-day jour
21、ney.In the last five years. Cao 67 (walk) through 34 countries in six contincius, and in 2016, he reached the top oTKilimanjaro, Africas 68 (high) mountain.Now, Cao has started the second part of his dream to walk along the Belt and Road route. He flew 4. 700 kilometers 69 Xian to Kashgar on Sept. 2
22、0,70 (plan) to hike back toXian in five months.【真题3】【2022年1月浙江卷】Kim Cobb,a professor at the Georgia Institute of Technology in Atlanta .is one of a small but growing minority of academics 56are cutting back on theirair travel becauseof climate change travelling to conferences .lectures ,workshops,an
23、d the like-frcquendy by plane 57(view)as important for scientists to get together and exchangeinformation .But Cobb and others 58(be)now questioning that idea pushingconferences to provide more chances to participate remotely and 59(change) theirpersonal behavior to do their part in dealing with the
24、 climate change crisis . On a website called No Fly Climate Sci. For example. 60(rough) 200 academics- many of themclimate scientists 61(promise) to fly as little as possible since the effort started twoyears ago.Cobb .for her part .started (o ask conference organizers who invi(ed her (o speak 62 sh
25、e could do so remotely .about three quarters of 63 time,(hey agreed ,When (he answer was no,she declined the 64(invite) .That approach brought Cobbs air(ravel last year down by 75%,and she plans 65(continue) the practice has beenfairly rewarding. she says .a really positive change【真题41【2021年6月全国甲卷】T
26、he Xian City Wall is the most complete ci(y wall that has survived Chinas long history. 1(1 (build) originally to protect the city 2 (he Tang dynasty and has now beencompletely restored (修复). ll is possible 3(walk) or bike (he entire 14 kilometers.We accessed (he wall (hrough (he South Gate. The wal
27、l is 12 meters high and from here you can see streams of people moving inside and outside (he City Wall.After 4 (spend) some (ime looking at all (he defensive equipment a( the walk wedecided i( was time lor some action and wha( 5 (good) (han to ride on a piece of history!We 6 (hire) our bikes from t
28、he rental place a( the South Gate. My bike was old and shaky 7 did (he job. 1( took us about 3 hours to go all 8 way around the Xi*an City Wall. Supposedly you can do i( in two hours, bu( we stopped at (he di fl erent gales and 9 (watchtower) to take pictures or jus( to watch (he local people going
29、about their 10 (day) routines.【真题5】【2021年6月全国乙卷】Ecotourism is commonly regarded as low impact (影响)travel to undisturbed places. It is different from traditional (ourism because it allows (he traveler (o become 1(educate) about(he areas-both in terms of geographical conditions and cultural characteri
30、stics, and often provides money lor conservation and beneiHs (he 2 (develop) of the local areas.Ecotourism has 3(i() oiigin with (he environmental movement of (he 1970s. It was notwidely accepted as a (ravel concept 生一 (he late 1980s. During that time, increasingenvironmental awareness made i( desir
31、able.Due to 5 growing popularity of environmentally-related and adventure travel, various types 6 (rips are now being classified as ecotourism. Actually, a true eco-friendly trip must meet the ()llowing principles: Minimize the impact of 7 (visit) the place. Build respect for and awareness of the en
32、vironment and cultural practices. Provide 8 (finance) aid and other benefits lor local peoples. Make sure that the tourism provides positive experiences for both the visitors and (he hosts.Komodo National Park, officially recognized in 1980, is popular Ibr ecotourism because of its unique biodiversi
33、ty.9(activity) there range from whale watching to hiking (远足)and accommodations aim 10 (have) a low impact on the natural environment.【真题6【2021年6月浙江卷】It doesnt impress like George Washingtons plantation on the Pohoniac, but Lincolns home in downtown Springlleld, Illinois, (prove) irresistible to vis
34、itors since it opened to the publie. Beautifully restored (42复)tp its I860 appearance, tlie house was Abraham and Mary Lincolns home for 17 years. In 1844 they bought it _ 2_ $ 1,200 and some land from Charles Dresser, who perlbrmed their 3 (niarry) ceremony in 1842.When the house was built. i( was
35、much 4 (small) (han i( is today. Marys niccc wrote, pretty, MThe little home 5 (paint) white. It was sweet and fresh. Mary loved it. She was extiemely pretty, and her house was a reflection of 6 (she), everything in good taste and in perfect order.Although Mary loved flowers, 7 she nor her husband w
36、as known as a gardener.A long-time neighbor said they never planted trees and only kept a garden for one year. Marys sister, Frances Todd Wallace, often came over 8 (plant) flowers in the front yard.9 _ Lincolns enlarged the house to a full two stories in 1856 to meet the needsof (heir growing famil
37、y. Three of (he four Lincoln sons were born here. After Lincoln waselected President of ihe US in 1861. they rented the house and 1() (sell) most of their furniture.【真题7【2021年1月浙江卷】In a study of 33 years of trends in Body Mass Index (体重指数)across 200 countries the scientists found that people worldwi
38、de are getting heavier 1(hai most of the rise is due togains in BMT in rural areas.BMI is an internationally recognized measurement tool 2 gives an indication of whether someone is a healthy weight. It is calculated by dividing a 3(person) weight in kg by iheir height in meters squared, and a BMI of
39、 between 19 and 254 (consider) healthy.The study found that between 1985 and 2017. average rural BMI increased 52.1 inwomen and men. In cities, however, the gain 6 (be) 1.3 in women and 1.6 in men.The researchers described striking changes in the geography of BMI. In 1985. urban men and women in more than three quarters of the countries 7 (study) had higher BMIs than men and women in rural areas. But 30 years later, the BMI difference between urban and rural people in many countries had narrowed 8 (sharp).This may be due to some disadvantages for people 9 (live) in ihe co