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1、选择性必修一 unit5知识点讲解Section A1 benefit v. & n.（1）v.受益，得益；有益于，有利于benefit sb. /sth.对有益benefit from/by 得益于,从中受益(2) n.好处，益处be of benefit (to sb.)(对某人)有益get/gain/derive a benefit (from sth.)(从某事物)得到好处 for one? s benefit = for the benefit of sb.为了某人的利益beneficial adj.有利的,有帮助的,有用的 be beneficial to对有益2 distant
2、adj.遥远的；久远的；疏远的；心不在焉的；远亲的be distant from离很远；与不同，与关系不密切distance n.距离；遥远；久远；疏远 in the distance在远处（距离很远）3 answer the call 响应号召answer the phone/a call 接听电话 answer the door 开门，应门4 disgrace n. & v.(1) n.丢脸，耻辱bring disgrace on 使蒙羞(2) v.给丢脸，给带来耻辱 disgrace oneself 丢脸5 of all time有史以来at all times随时，总是at/from
3、a distance从远处，离一段距离（不是很远）keep one, s distance保持距离answer a need满足需求answer criticism/charges就批评/指控作出回应be a disgrace是耻辱，是丢脸的事in disgrace不光彩地be （publicly） disgraced 被（当众）羞辱all the time 一直，始终for all time 永远in question正被讨论的，谈论中的；有疑问的，被怀疑的call/bring/throw sth. into question 引起对某事物的怀疑beyond question不容怀疑with
4、out question亳无疑问：亳无异议地out of question 没问题out of the question 不可能；不允许be crowded with 堆满；挤满；充满crowd into 涌入crowd.out crowd.out 把挤出，排挤crowd in (on sb.)(问题或想法)8 be similar to 与相似be similar in在方面相似be different from 与不同9 adapt to 适应adapt oneself to 使自 己适应be adapted for 被改编成10 suspect v.猜想，怀疑，觉得n.crowd in
5、(on sb.)(问题或想法)11 be similar to 与相似be similar in在方面相似be different from 与不同12 adapt to 适应adapt oneself to 使自 己适应be adapted for 被改编成13 suspect v.猜想，怀疑，觉得n.涌上心头，涌入脑海the crowd大众，百姓similarity n.相似之处be the same as 与相同be different in在方面不同adapt sth. to do sth.改装某物来做某事be adapted from 改编自嫌疑人a murder suspect杀人
6、嫌疑犯show little/no regard for.对关注很少/不关注suspect sb. of (doing) sth.怀疑某人(1) suspicion n.怀疑；嫌疑(2) suspicious adj.怀疑的；可疑的as. regarded as. 被认为是be highly regarded得到高度评价(做)某事be under suspicion 受到怀疑be/become suspicious about/of sth.怀疑in this/that regard在这方面，关于此事with/in regard to sth.关于某事；对于某事12 generate v.产生
7、，创造generate electricity 发电generate profits/income 创造收益generate excitement/interest/support gI 起兴奋/兴趣/支持generation n.产生；-彳弋the younger/older generation 年轻/ 年老一代13 declare v.宣布，声明；声称，宣称declare. (to be) .宣布/ 宣称为declare war on.向宣战declare against.声明反对declare for.声明赞成/ 支持blame v.责怪，指责；把归咎于n.(对错误或坏事应负的)责任b
8、lame sb. /sth. for sth. = blame sth. on sb. /sth.把某事归咎于某人/ 某物sb. /sth. is to blame （for sth.）某人/某事物（对某事）负有责任take/accept the blame （for sth.）承担（某事的）责任put/lay/place the blame on sb.把责任归咎于某人decline v.减少，降低；拒绝，谢绝；（质量）逐渐变差n.减少，下降，衰落decline by.减少了decline in.在方面降低decline to do sth.拒绝做某事a decline in.在方面的下降i
9、n decline/on the decline 在下降 fall/go into decline 开始衰落be harmful to 对有害do harm to sb. /sth. = do sb. /sth. harm 对有害 cause sb. /sth. harm 对造成伤害suffer harm 受到伤害do more harm than good 弊大于利There is no harm in （doing） sth.不妨做某事，做某事没有坏处be home to是的家园be/feel at home舒适自在，不拘束；驾轻就熟，运用自如make sb. feel at home使某
10、人感到宾至如归be native to源于.的，原产于a native of是.本地人,是.本地动/植物native language/tongue本地语,母语be such that这是一个常见的句型。be such that和such .that两种结构中的that从句都是结果状语从 句，意为“如此以至于本句中such = so much。Her excitement was such that she could hardly contain herself.Section B communicate with 与.交流communicate by 通过 方式交流communicate
11、sth. to sb.把某事传达给某人communication n.交流，沟通be in communication with sb.与某人保持联络tiny amounts of 微量的a considerable/a large/an enormous amount of 大量的amount to （数量上）达到，总计：等于，意味着detect v.发现，察觉（尤指不易觉察到的事物）detect sb. doing sth.发现某人在做某事detectable adj.可察觉的，可发现的 detection n.察觉，发现；侦查drive.away 驱赶.，赶走.drive down （迅
12、速）压低，降低（价格、成本等）drive up抬高（价格、成本等）drive sb. to do sth.迫使/促使某人做某事drive sb. to/into.迫使某人进入某状态link v.把.联系起来;连接n.联系,连接link.to/with.把.与.联系/ 连接起来be linked to/with 与.有关a/the link between之间的联系have strong links with.和关系牢固signal v.发信号，示意n.信号；标志：预示signal to sb.向某人示意signal for sth.示意要某物signal （to） sb. to do sth.
13、示意某人去做某事 send/give a signal发出信号，示意a/the signal （for sb.） to do sth.要（某人）做某事的信号Sb. be said to do.据说某人做.相当于It be said that sb.意为“据说某人做.其中，不定式根 据情况可用一般式、进行式或完成式：Sb. be said to do.据说某人做Sb. be said to be doing.据说某人正在做Sb. be said to have done.据说某人曾做过.It is thought that.据认为Itisbelieved that.人们相信It is repor
14、ted that.据报道Itisclaimed that.据称It is hoped that.人们希望Itiswell-known that.众所周知It is generally considered that.大家普遍认为 本单元语法：过去完成时1过去完成时的构成和用法构成：had+动词的过去分词（1）表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经完成的动作，即“过去的过去”。By the time we got there, the film had already begun.（2）表示从过去某一时间开始一直延续到过去另一时间的动作，这个动作可能还要延续下去，常与for, since构成的表示一段
15、时间的短语或since引导的表示一段时间的从句连用。The worker said he had worked for the employer since last year.(3)表示过去未曾实现的愿望、打算或意图等。常用had hoped/ planned/meant/intended/thought/ wanted/expected 等。I had intended to call on you, but I had an unexpected visitor2常用过去完成时的句式(1) It/This/That was the first/second.time that sb. h
16、ad done sth.这/ 那是某人第一次/ 第二次做某事。It was the third time that he had made the same mistake.(2)表示“一.就.”的句式中,含hardly/scarcely, no sooner的分句常用过去完成时，且当hardly, scarcely, no sooner置于句首时，句子要用部分倒装。Hardly/Scarcely had I answered the teacher when he interrupted me.No sooner had we been seated than the bus started
17、.(3)虚拟语气中表示与过去事实相反的假设，if从句和wish/would rather/only if后的从句中用过去完 成时。I wish I had been at your party last Tuesday.完全倒装完全倒装就是将谓语动词全部置于主语之前.(1)副词(in, out, down, up, off, away, here, there, now, then 等)+ 不及物动词/系动词 be + 主语(名词)注意：主语是代词时不倒装Out he rushed.Here comes the bus.Now comes your turn.(2)表示地点的介词短语+不及物动
18、词/系动词be +主语(名词)By the window stood a young fellow with a badge in his hand.(3)作表语的形容词/分词短语+系动词be+主语(名词)Present at the party are several composers and geologists.本单元出现的其他短语：1. It is considered (that).被认为是Whatzs more,此外，而且2. come to exist 开始存在a variety of=various 各种各样的3. according to 根据，按照overtime随着时间
19、的推移4. a theory of evolution 进化论cause a storm引起风暴，引起轰动5. including sth.=sth. Includedgo on a journey 进行一次旅行6. first choice 首选judge by/from 根据判断7. in ones own words用某人自己的话do research on在方面进行研究8. make important discoveries 有重大发现live in isolation生活在与世隔绝的环境中9. immune system 免疫系统fight off击退,抵抗10. Thats incredible/unbelievable.令人难以置信In some ways在某些方面11. be unique to是所特有的more surprisingly更不可思议的是