《Unit1Laughoutloud知识点总结（一）- 高中英语外研版（2019）选择性必修第一册.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《Unit1Laughoutloud知识点总结（一）- 高中英语外研版（2019）选择性必修第一册.docx（8页珍藏版）》请在taowenge.com淘文阁网|工程机械CAD图纸|机械工程制图|CAD装配图下载|SolidWorks_CaTia_CAD_UG_PROE_设计图分享下载上搜索。
1、选择性必修一第一单元知识点总结（一）1. comedy 喜剧-comedian 喜剧演员； a comedy show 喜剧表演；a form of comedy 一种喜剧形式2. In Shakespeares time, comedy had amusing themes such as mistaken identity and romance-with a happy ending of course. (视频部分)Shakespeare 莎士比亚， in Shakespeares time 在莎士比亚时代；amusing themes 有趣的主题； mistaken identity
2、 身份判断错误，认错人，身份错认莎士比亚作品：Measure for Measure 一报还一报；The Merchant of Venice 威尼斯商人Alls Well That Ends Well 终成眷属comedy acts with clowns 小丑喜剧表演3. sb. be fun to be with. 某人是待在一起开心的人4. Modern comedy is considered to be any type of work that is intended to make us laugh. It has found its way from the stage in
3、to our homes through radio, television and more recently, the Internet. (视频部分)be intended to do something 意图是做某事，打算，意思是使此外，还有短语be intended for +(名词或v-ing), 表示“打算为/做所用”，“为而准备”，如：These products may be intended for fish, pets, zoo animals and fur animals. 这些产品可以为鱼类、宠物、动物园动物和毛皮兽类的饲料。find ones way from A
4、 into B 从A处渗入到B处；find ones way to 表示“来到，进入，摸索到达”5. Of course, what is considered funny in one cultureand even in one period of historymay not be considered funny in another. (视频部分)该句子中包含了一个what引导的主语从句，may not be considered是谓语部分。这儿其实强调comedy具有culture-specific, 即文化特异性；以及time-efficient,时效性。6. a practic
5、al joke 恶作剧，可不是实际的玩笑哦！7. A persons sense of humour is very much related to the social context in which they live.一个人的幽默感与他所处的社会环境关系非常密切。8. find sth funny 发现某事有趣，滑稽9. a sense of humour/achievement/direction/failure/responsibility 幽默/成就/方向/失败/责任感10. apologize to sb for sth. 因为某事向某人道歉11. invite sb on a
6、n adventure to do sth. 邀请某人一起历险做某事12. be/get lost in迷失在（某地），沉浸在中13. Whatever our sense of humour, comedy has the ability to connect us and change the way we look at the world. (视频部分)whatever our sense of humour是一个让步状语从句，但是习惯上将该句中的is省略掉，这是地道的英语表达，完整的说法是：whatever our sense of humour is, 类似的表达还有whateve
7、r the reason/the excuse/the season/the cost, 无论什么理由/借口/时节/成本；the ability to do something 做某事的能力14. combat the stresses of illness and injury 与疾病和伤痛斗争15. Hospital patients not only face pain and discomfort, they must also deal with fear, boredom, anxiety and loneliness. The techniques used by clown d
8、octors, including humour, music, storytelling and magic shows, keep patients entertained.医院的病人不仅面对病痛和不适，他们还得应对恐惧、无聊、焦虑和孤独。小丑医生使用的技巧，包括幽默、音乐、故事讲述和魔法秀，能够使病人得到娱乐。16. As I approached the hospital wearing my white coat, I look like any other doctor. (P2)as引导时间状语从句；wearing my white coat是是伴随状语。approach在这里是
9、从句的谓语，为及物动词，表示“靠近，接近”，它还可以当不及物动词。例如：Our holiday is approaching but we havent decided where to go. any other doctor 任何其他的医生，any表示“任何一个”时，后面名词用单数。look like any other doctor的意思为“I am like a medical doctor and nothing different from other doctors”。英语中还有表达like no other, 则表示“与完全不同”。17. That is until I put
10、 on my curly rainbow wig, big red nose, and add my name badge “Doctor Larry Laugh-Out-Loud”. (P2)sth. be until-从句。表示某事持续到为止。18. I walk through the waiting area, where theres a familiar atmosphere of boredom and tension. (P2)the waiting area 候诊区；where引导一个定语从句，补充说明候诊区是个什么情况-那里有熟悉的无聊和紧张的气氛。atmosphere氛围
11、，气氛，boredom无聊，其形容词形式有bored 和boring，区分在此不赘述。tension 紧张，其形容词形式为tense。19. People sit uncomfortably on plastic chairs, looking through old magazines, all of which have been read hundreds of times previously. Anxious parents do what they can to comfort nervous and crying children. (P2)uncomfortable的副词形式为
12、去e加-ly, 注意拼写，在此处修饰动词。looking through短语为伴随状语，look through 浏览，翻看; all of which引导非限制性定语从句，which指代magazines; previously修饰read, 意为“先前地，之前地”。anxious parents焦虑的父母，nervous and crying children, 紧张不安和哭闹的孩子们。这两句中形容词和副词的使用形象准确地描述了医院的人们的心情和环境的不适感。do what sb. can to do something 做某人能做的（一切）目的是, to do 短语表目的; can后面省
13、略了do，所以看似can后接了to do, 实属两个不同的意群-do what sb. can do/ to do sth.。如：We should do what we can to help those unfortunate people in need. 20. In the middle of this particular scene, I spot a small girl whose ankle is twice its normal size. (P2)particular 形容词，表示“专指的，特指的”， 用于强调特定性，专指某个东西或人，当此用法时，只能放在名词前，起强调
14、的作用。scene此处指“场合，场面”。如：There is one particular man Id like you to see. 我想让你见一个人。Is there a particular type of book he enjoys? 他有特别喜爱的哪一类书籍吗？此外，particular还表示“不寻常的，格外的，特别的”，此时也仅用于名词前。如：We must pay particular attention to this point.These documents are of particular importance.另外，短语be particular about表示
15、“对挑剔，讲究”如：She is very particular about her clothes.继续：spot在句子中为动词，表示“看见，看出，注意到，发现”，相当于catch sight of, 这个用法高考考过。如：Can you spot the difference between these two pictures?Neighbours spotted smoke coming out of the house.I soon spotted what the mistake was.当名词讲, 表示“斑点，污渍，脏点，（皮肤上的）丘疹，粉刺等”如：The male bird
16、has a red spot on its beak (喙).She was wearing a black skirt with white spots. 她穿着一条黑底白点的裙子。His jacket was covered with spots of mud. Teenagers are worried about their spots on their faces. 另外，还有“场所，地点，处所”之意。如：a quiet/lonely spot 一个僻静/偏僻的地方再回到原句中，你发现该句子中的定语从句引导词为whose, 其先行词为girl, ankle与the girl为所属关系
17、，这时要用whose。需要强调的是，只要先行词与其后的名词构成所属关系，无论先行词为人还是物，都要用whose。如：Tom is holding a magazine in his hand, whose cover has been worn out.定语从句中的 is twice its normal size是倍数关系的表达法，表示她的脚踝是正常大小的两倍，即脚踝肿了（swell up）。英语里倍数关系的基本表达法有三种，分别为：1) A +谓语 +倍数（X times）as 形容词/副词的原级 as + B.2) A + 谓语 +倍数（X times）+形容词/副词的比较级 than
18、+ B.3) A + 谓语 +倍数（X times） +表示比较方面的名词（如：size, height, speed, width, depth, length, etc）of +B.原文用的是第三种表达法：twice its normal size of her ankle. 表示“两倍”用twice,不用two times. 倍数关系的表达必须掌握，英语阅读理解中经常考，是英语思维和阅读理解能力的一个重要体现，各个比较对象的关系必须理清楚。看2020年全国卷高考阅读理解题C篇的部分内容：Like running, race walking is physically demanding,
19、 she says, According to most calculations, race walkers moving at a pace of six miles per hour would burn about 800 calories(卡路里) per hour, which is approximately twice as many as they would burn walking, although fewer than running, which would probably burn about 1,000 or more calories per hour.Ho
20、wever, race walking does not pound the body as much as running does, Dr. Norberg says. According to her research, runners hit the ground with as much as four times their body weight per step, while race walkers, who do not leave the ground, create only about 1.4 times their body weight with each ste
21、p.21. I speak with the on-duty nurse, who tells me that Laras parents rushed her to the hospital after she fell off her bicycle. Since getting here, Lara has spent her time crying in pain. (P2)on-duty值班的；当值的； who引导非限制性定语从句，其先行词为nurse, 在定语从句中做主语。rush sb to the hospital 把某人紧急送往医院；fall off the bicycle
22、从自行车上掉下来。since getting here相当于since she gets there的省略表达；cry in pain,疼的哭。22. Although its the doctors and nurses who will treat her injury, its my job to make her feel better. (P2)该句子中包含了一个强调句型：It is +人 +who +句子的其它成分。强调句型强调人时后可以用who, 其它情形用that。treat ones injury 治愈某人的伤口； treat有四个意思，1）治疗；2）看待，看作，常用trea
23、tas结构；3）款待； 4） (化学)处理。看以下例子并判断其中的含义：a) Treat other people as you hope you hope they will treat you.b) The disabled should be treated with respect/kindness/consideration. c) My dad wanted to treat me to a vacation like never before.d) Beijing is able to treat 90% of waste water.e) Some doctors are tr
24、eating her for her illness.f) He took his son to the cinema, as a birthday treat.g) When we were kids, a trip to the park was a real treat.h) Young people should always treat the elders with respect.注意：treat当“治疗”讲时，其名词为treatment, 表示“治疗方案”23. Scientific studies show that laughter produces chemicals t
25、o make people feel better, which means clown doctors can be helpful. We are specially trained clowns who work as part of a programme known as “hospital clowning”. (P2)chemicals 名词，表示“化学物质”；此外，chemical还可以当形容词用，表示“化学的”，再具体语境中注意辨别。该句子中包含了which引导的非限制性定语从句，which指的是前面的整个句子。注意，当which引导非限制性定语从句时，其先行词可以是整个句子
26、或前述的整件事。如：The old man passed away, which made all of us sad.第二个句子中包含了一个who引导的限制性定语从句，其先行词为specially trained clowns. 限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别为：限制性定语从句起的是限制、修饰性作用，去掉后要表达的名词的意义不完整；而非限制性定语从句则是起补充说明的作用，去掉后不影响主要意义的表达。如：He has a sister who is a nurse. 他有一个当护士的妹妹。（侧重点在于当护士的妹妹，有一个，可能不止一个妹妹。）He has a sister, who i
27、s a nurse. 他有个妹妹，她是一位护士。（侧重点在于主句，其后的定语从句补充说明她是护士。）你get到了吗？继续：work as “充当，担任”，表示该意思的短语还有“serve as; act as”.known as 是后置定语，修饰a programme, 相当于which is known as 过去分词短语做后置定语时，与所修饰的名词构成被动关系。如：This is a book written by Lun Xun.The magnificent bridge, designed with special patterns, will be completed at the
28、 end of this month.24. I spent much of the time when I was there feeling frightened and more than a little bored! Being a clown doctor means I can help people by entertaining them. (P2)more than a little 极其，非常；其后接形容词或副词，表示程度。如：Your dad would feel more than a little angry if he knew what you are doin
29、g in school.entertain 动词，表示“使开心，逗乐”，此外，entertain还有“招待”。如：Its easier to make a feast than to get the guests to come, and get the guests to come than entertain them properly. 办酒容易，请客难；请客容易，款客难。He entertained us with his stories and jokes. A museum should aim to entertain as well as educate.Humour can
30、not only entertain but also throw new light on sensitive or emotive issues.注意：entertain的形容词形式有两个，entertained 和entertaining。如keep sb. entertained; sth. is entertaining.25. health care facilities 医疗保健机构26. On a typical day, we spend our time cheering up patients, their families, and more often than no
31、t, the hospital staff, too! (P2)表示特殊的一天，前应用冠词on,表示特指。cheer sb. up使某人振作起来；注意，cheer sb on则表示“给某人加油”，more often than not,表示“通常，经常”，类似的表达还有“all too often”; the hospital staff 医院的工作人员， staff通常指某一单位或组织内的全体员工。27. Some children, though, dont feel like laughing, especially theyre in pain. We have to be very
32、sensitive and work closely with the doctors and nurses, who keep us updated on each patient. (P2)该句子中的though是副词，单独使用，通常与句子用逗号隔开，这时表示“然而，不过”，表示语气上的转折。如：Its a fine day today. A bit cold, though. 另外追加though 当连词的两个用法，其一，相当于although, 引导让步状语从句，表示“虽然”，如：Though I need money myself, I still willing to help.其
33、二，引导让步状语从句是，可以将从句中的表语、状语等提前，构成倒装，但其它成分依然用陈述语序。如：Much though I like the toy, I dont buy it.Exhausted though we felt, we were delighted and fulfilled.Unsatisfied though he was with the payment, he took the job just to get some work experience. (2009年重庆)注意：句子中若用了连词though/although, 就不能用but,不能重复使用。请修改一下句
34、子错误：Though not very big, but the restaurant is popular in our area. (改错)继续：feel like 想要做某事注意in pain和painful不一样，in pain表示“处于疼痛中”， painful表示“令人痛苦的”work closely with与某人紧密配合sensitive 有以下几个意思: 1) “体贴的，体恤的；善解人意的”， aware of and able to understand other people and their feelings. 2) 感觉敏锐的，艺术感觉好的，有悟性的；able t
35、o understand art, music and literature and to express yourself through them. 3) 易生气的；易被惹恼的；神经过敏的 easily offended or upset; 4) 须谨慎对待的，敏感的；that you have to treat with great care because it may offend people or make them angry; 5) reacting quickly or more than usual to sth. 敏感的；过敏的。看以下例子并判断其中的含义：a) My
36、teeth are very sensitive to cold food.b) Health care is a politically sensitive issue.c) As a doctor, she is very sensitive to her patients feelings.d) He is very sensitive about his weight.e) An actor should keep sensitive about the role he or she plays.keep sb updated on sth. 让某人随时了解，更新某方面的知识updat
37、e 动词，“更新，给提供最新信息”；update还可以当名词讲，表示“最新消息；快讯”如：a weather update最新天气预报Well update you on the days top news stories. 我们将向你提供当天的头条新闻。Teachers have to constantly update their knowledge in order to maintain their professional competence. 【2011江苏卷】Through the years, Id run into former students who would pro
38、vide updates on old classmates. 【2017吉林卷】28. do a magic trick 耍魔术29. replace A with B. 用B替换A; replace的名词为replacement,表示“替代品，替换物；替代者”30. in turn 轮流，反过来，这个短语强调动作或情况的相互影响性。如；Seeing their daughter so much happier has in turn made Laras parents more relaxed.We look after him in turn.The customer praised the manager, who, in turn, praised his staff.31.Laughter is the best medicine! 第8页 选择性必修一知识点小结