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1、绝密启用前2022届全国卷地区高考英语模拟试卷3学校:姓名：班级：考号：第 I 卷（选择题）请点击修改第I卷的文字说明评卷人得分一、阅读理解（共 15题，每题2 分，共 30分）A Closer Look a t Sma r t Ci ti esCh i ca go,USAPopu la ti on:2.7 mi lli onTo su ppor t a new sma r t electr i c gr i d（电网）i n th e ci ty,300,000h a v e b een i nsta lled,a nd a ll Ch i ca go r esi dents w i ll
2、h a v e one b ycompleted,th e gr i d i s ex pected to r edu ce ener gy w a ste a nd sa v eUS$170 mi lli on.Speci a l compu ter softw a r e h a s h elped r edu ce th esma r t meter s2017.Wh encu stomer sci ty,s cr i mer a te.Th e ci ty s open da ta por ta l h a s b een u sed to b u i ld a pps th a t
3、tel 1ci ti z ens w h er e to get a flu sh ot a nd a ler t th em th a t th ei r str eet i s a b ou t tob e sw ept,a mong oth er th i ngs.G enev a,Sw i tz er la ndPopu la ti on:196,257G enev a i s testi ng a new electr i c b u s system ca lled th e Tosa,a 133-per sonv eh i cle th a t does not r eq u i
4、 r e ov er h ea d electr i ca l w i r es.At cer ta i n b u s stopsa long i ts r ou te,ov er h ea d h i gh-speed ch a r gi ng sta ti ons deli v er 400 ki low a tts ofpow er i n less th a n 15 seconds,tr a v eled mor e th a n 8,000 mi lespr ob lems.Ha mb u r g,G er ma nyPopu la ti on:1.8 mi lli onHa m
5、b u r g i s w or ki ng to ma ke i tsDu r i ng a 10-month test of one b u sa nd ch a r ged mor e th a n 4,200 ti mespor t sma r ter b y i mpr ov i ng tr a ffi cli ne th e Tosaw i th ou t ma jorflow a nd th etr a nspor ta ti on of goods.Th e ci ty i s w or ki ng to dev elop sev er a l pi lotpr ojects（
6、实验项目），i nclu di ng a system to ma na ge th e pa r ki ng a nd loa di ng ofv eh i cle,a s w ell a s w a ys to ma ke li gh ti ng mor e effi ci ent,collect emi ssi onsda ta,a nd moni tor r a i lw a ys w i th sensor s.Th e ci ty i s a lso consi der i ngdev elopi ng mob i le G PS sensor s to keep tr a ck
7、of h ea v y ma ch i ner y w i th i n th e por t.London,Engla ndPopu la ti on:8.4 mi lli onTh e UK s la r gest ci ty i s pr edi cted to r ea ch 10 mi lli on r esi dents b y 2030.Topr epa r e for th i s gr ow th,Ma yor Bor i s Joh nson cr ea ted a speci a l b oa r d i n 2013 toi mplement tech nology a
8、 i med a t a ddr essi ng a nti ci pa ted i ssu es w i th tr a ffi c,h ea lth ca r e,w a ste ma na gement a nd ener gy.London s goa ls-to b u i ld a sma r tgr i d a nd cu t tr a nspor t emi ssi ons i n h a lf b y 2020-a r e a mb i ti ou s b u t b u i ld onea r li er su ccesses.Th e ci ty h a s dea lt
9、 w i th congest i on（拥堵）b y ch a r gi ng a feefor dr i v i ng i n centr a l b u si ness a r ea s du r i ng th e b u si est ti mes of th e da y.1.If you w a nt to know w h er e to get a flu sh ot,you ca n use.A.Apps b a sed on th e ci ty,s open da ta por ta lB.a new sma r t electr i c gr i dC.a new e
10、lectr i c b u s systemD.mob i le G PS sensor s2.Wh er e ca n you fi nd a system to ma na ge th e pa r ki ng a nd loa di ng of v eh i cles?A.In Ch i ca go,USA B.In G enev a,Sw i tz er la ndC.In Ha mb u r g,G er ma ny D.In London,Engla nd3.Wh a t does th e w r i ter i ntend to tell u s?A.Th e ju dgmen
11、t of a goa l sh ou ld b e ma de fr ee fr om pr eju di ce.B.Ci ti es a r ou nd th e w or ld a r e doi ng w onder fu l th i ngs w i th tech nology.C.Bi g ci ti es sh ou ld ta ke mea su r es to pr otect th e env i r onment.D.Veh i cles.h a v e not only ma de ou r li v es ea si er b u t a lso ca u sed a
12、 lot ofpr ob lems.Th e h u ma n popu la ti on of Sr i La nka i s now b eli ev ed to b e ov er 20 mi lli on.Asa r esu lt,la r ge a r ea s of tr ees a r e b ei ng tu r ned i nto fa r mla nd,h i gh w a ys a r eb ei ng b u i lt ov er centu r i es-old eleph a nt mi gr a ti on r ou tes,a nd eleph a nts a
13、r eb ei ng dr i v en ou t of th ei r h a b i ta ts.Th i s ch a nge ca u ses tu r moi l,r esu lti ng i n a ni ncr ea sed nu mb er of u ncontr olla b le ev ents b etw een eleph a nts a nd h u ma ns.Th e good new s i s th a t th er e i s one pla ce ca lled th e Eleph a nt Tr a nsi tHome(ETH)i n Uda w a
14、 la w e Na ti ona l Pa r k,th e ma i n pu r pose of w h i ch i s to pr otecta nd ca r e for b a b y eleph a nts th a t a r e fou nd i nju r ed or li v i ng w i th ou t th ei rmoth er s i n th e w i ld.A da y a t th e ETH b egi ns ea r ly i n th e mor ni ng w h en th e b a b yeleph a nts a r e gi v e
15、n th ei r fi r st feedi ng of mi lk.Du r i ng th e cou r se of th e da y,ea ch b a b y w i ll dr i nk a n a v er a ge of 13 ga llons of mi lk.Older eleph a nts a r e fedmostly coconu t lea v es a s w ell a s oth er na ti v e pla nts.Th en th e eleph a nts a r eset fr ee to w a nder i n th e pa r k,e
16、a ti ng gr ow i ng gr a ss a nd for mi ng a h er d.Th e ETH spends a lmost$125,000 ea ch yea r on pow der ed mi lk for th ese b a b ya ni ma ls.To h elp pa y for food a nd medi ca l su ppli es,th e ETH h a s a foster (领养)pa r ent pr ogr a m.Anyone,ev en sch oolch i ldr en,ca n h elp a lot b y gi v i
17、 ng money toca r e for a b a b y eleph a nt.Wh i le some foster pa r ents a r e too fa r a w a y to v i si tth e b a b y eleph a nt b ei ng ca r ed for a t th e ETH,loca l sch oolch i ldr en pla y a ni mpor ta nt pa r t i n th e pr ogr a m.F oster pa r ents ca n na me th ei r eleph a nts,ta keph oto
18、gr a ph s of th em,a nd ev en h elp send th em b a ck i nto th e w i ld.Now v i si tor s a r e not encou r a ged to get close to th e eleph a nts.Th e goa l of th eETH i s for th e eleph a nts to r etu r n to th e w i ld i n th e end.It u su a lly ta kesth r ee yea r s for a b a b y eleph a nt to b
19、e sent b a ck i nto i ts na tu r a l h a b i ta t.Th eeleph a nts a r e often set fr ee togeth er w i th oth er a ni ma ls w i th w h om th ey h a v eclose r ela ti onsh i ps.Th i s pr ogr a m h elps th em r etu r n to th e w i ld a s memb er s of ah er d th a t w i ll commu ni ca te w i th ea ch ot
20、h er a nd ta ke ca r e of ea ch oth er.4.Wh a t does th e u nder li ned w or d,tu r moi l“i n Pa r a gr a ph 1 most pr ob a b ly mea n?A.A sta te of di sor der.B.A ph enomenon of pollu ti on.C.A condi ti on of h a r mony.D.A feeli ng of confu si on.5.Accor di ng to th e pa ssa ge,th e eleph a nts a
21、t th e ETH.A.don t get a long w ell w i th oth er a ni ma lsB.a r e ta ken ca r e of b y di ffer ent mea nsC.ma i nly li v e on coconu t lea v esD.a r e fed sepa r a tely a ll th e ti me6.As a foster pa r ent a t th e ETH,you ca n.A.ta ke ph otogr a ph s w i th th e eleph a ntB.ta ke th e eleph a nt
22、 h ome for b etter ca r eC.gi v e th e eleph a nt you ca r e for a na meD.v i si t Uda w a la w e Na ti ona l Pa r k fr ee of ch a r ge7.Th e la st pa r a gr a ph ma i nly dea ls w i th .A.th e fu tu r e of th e eleph a nts a t th e ETHB.th e li fe of th e b a b y eleph a nts a t th e ETHC.th e pr o
23、cess of r a i si ng a you ng eleph a nt a t th e ETHD.th e r eq u i r ements for b ei ng a foster pa r ent a t th e ETHHu ma ns h a v e u ni q u ely ex pr essi v e fa ces.We la u gh,w e cr y,w e tu r n r ed w i thfeeli ngs.Now,sci enti sts r epor t th a t b lu e-a nd-yellow ma ca w s（金刚鹦鹉）ma y joi n
24、u s i n th i s clu b of emoti onsa t lea st,w h en i t comes to b lu sh i ng（脸红）.Pa r r ots a r e know n for b ei ng clev er a nd ch a tty.Th ey r e ev en ski lled enou ghi n ma ki ng th ei r ow n tools a nd occa si ona lly nosi ng th ei r w a y i nto h u ma n ma ch i nesli ke ca r s.On th e w h ole
25、,b i r ds a r e no str a nger s to b lu sh i ng.Ma ny di ffer entki nds of b i r ds h a v e b een know n to ex h i b i t th i s b eh a v i or.Pa r r ot ow ner s oftennoti ce i t i n th ei r pets.Th e moti v a ti ons b eh i nd i t a r e sti ll a myster y tosci enti sts,th ou gh.To z er o i n on w h y
26、 ma ca w fa ces b lu sh,some sci enti sts led b y Ali ne Ber ti n ofth e Uni v er si ty of Tou r s stu di ed fi v e ca pti v e b lu e-a nd-yellow ma ca w s a s th eyi nter a cted w i th ea ch oth er a nd th ei r h u ma n ca r eta ker s a fter b ei ng ta ken i ntoth e la b.Th ey w er e a ma z ed to s
27、ee th a t h u ma n a ttenti on seemed to ma ke th e ma ca w sb lu sh.Th e b lu sh i ng di ed dow n w h en th e ca r eta ker s i gnor ed th e pa r r ots.F a ci a l ex pr essi ons ca n b e si gns of a h u ma n s emoti ona l sta te.Li kew i se,b i r d b lu sh i ng cou ld conv ey w ell-b ei ng.It s not
28、q u i te a s ob v i ou s a s smi li ng.Sti ll,i t s fa i r ly i mpr essi v e.After a ll,th ese ma ca w s don t h a v e th e sa mefa ci a l mu scles th a t w e do.Th e b i r ds a r e mu ch sma r ter a nd ki nder th a n th ey look.Th ey a r e b eli ev ed to b e a s i ntelli gent a s monkeys.Ber ti n a
29、 nd th e oth er sci enti sts b eli ev e th ei r w or k opens th e door tofu r th er r esea r ch.One li mi ta ti on of th e stu dy i s th a t no ma ca w s i n na tu r a lenv i r onment h a v e b een ob ser v ed.Th a t ma kes i t h a r d to dr a w conclu si ons a b ou tth e b i r ds a s a speci es.Th
30、er e i s sti ll mor e to lea r n a b ou t th ese possi b leex pr essi ons of emoti on.8.Wh i ch of th e follow i ng b est ex pla i ns ca pti v e i n pa r a gr a ph 3?A.Unique.B.Talkative.C.Curious.D.Caged.9.Wh y do b i r ds b lu sh a ccor di ng to th e tex t?A.They blush to show they are B.They blus
31、h to show they arehappy.hungry.C.They blush when people ignore D.They blush when something upsetsthem.them.10.Wh a t ca n w e i nfer a b ou t sci enti sts r ea cti on to ma ca w s?b lu sh i ng?A.Th ey a r e pu z z led b y h ow b i r ds ca n commu ni ca te w i th one a noth er.B.Th ey a r e i nter es
32、ted to stu dy monkeys to see i f th ey b lu sh a s str ongly.C.Th ey a r e cu r i ou s a b ou t w h y oth er b i r ds a r e u na b le to conv ey emoti on.D.Th ey a r e moti v a ted to conti nu e stu dyi ng h ow ma ca w s ex pr ess emoti on.11.Wh a t i s th e ma i n i dea of th e tex t?A.Pa r r ots m
33、a ke ex cellent pets.B.Pa r r ots a r e ski lled i n ma ki ng tools.C.Th e ma ca w s ca n commu ni ca te w i th ea ch oth er.D.Th e ma ca w s ca n go r ed i n th e fa ce of feeli ngs.Th e Lea ni ng Tow er of Pi sa（比 萨 斜 塔）h a s nev er stood str a i gh t.Th eb u i ldi ng s lea n h a s pu z z led engi
34、 neer s for h u ndr eds of yea r s.Engi neer s b ega nb u i ldi ng th e b ell tow er i n Ita ly i n 1173.It took mor e th a n 200 yea r s to fi ni sh.It w a s b u i lt on u nex pectedly soft gr ou nd a nd th e tow er b ega n to lea n b efor e i tw a s done.Th e mi sta ke h a s ma de th e b u i ldi n
35、g one of th e w or ldJ s str a nge si gh ts.How ca n someth i ng so u nsta b le la st for h u ndr eds of yea r s?Th e tow er h a ssu r v i v ed tw o w or ld w a r s,mi lli ons of v i si tor s,a nd fou r str ong ea r th q u a kes.Engi neer i ng Pr ofessor G eor ge Mylona ki s w a nted to know w h y.H
36、e stu di ed th egr ou nd b enea th th e b u i ldi ng a nd looked a t h ow soi l a ffects th e b u i Idi ng a nd h oww ell i t sta nds u p.Mylona ki s a nd oth er engi neer s ca me u p w i th a n a nsw er a b ou t th e tow er.Th ea nsw er h a s to do w i th th e soft gr ou nd u nder th e tow er.Th e
37、engi neer s fou ndoth er i mpor ta nt r ea sons,too.Th e tow er i s v er y ta ll a nd i s ma de of stone th a tma kes i t sti ff.Its h ei gh t a nd fi r mness comb i ned w i th th e softness of th efou nda ti on soi l ca u se th e v i b r a ti ona l（振动的）ch a r a cter i sti cs of th e str u ctu r eto
38、 b e i mpr ov ed consi der a b ly i n su ch a w a y th a t th e tow er does not r esona te（共振）w i th ea r th q u a ke gr ou nd moti on.So du r i ng a n ea r th q u a ke,th e tow er does notsh a ke a s mu ch a s th e ea r th u nder i t.Sti ll,Mylona ki s sa i d th e tow er h a d a lmost fa llen si nc
39、e i t conti nu ed tolea n mor e a s th e soft gr ou nd settled u nder i t.In th e ea r ly 1990s,i t w a s i nr ea l da nger of fa lli ng a nd th e Ita li a n gov er nment closed th e tow er to v i si tor sa nd sta r ted to sa v e i t.Cr ew s gr a du a lly b ega n to ta ke ou t sma ll a mou nts of so
40、i lfr om th e h i gh nor th si de.Wi th less soi l u nder i t,th a t si de of th e tow er sa nksli gh tly.Engi neer s a lso fi x ed eq u i pment th a t a llow s th em to ma ke a dju stmentsto th e w a ter pr essu r e b enea th th e tow er,fu r th er contr olli ng h ow mu ch th e tow erlea ns.Th e b
41、u i ldi ng sti ll lea ns.It ju st lea ns a b i t less th a n b efor e.Mosti mpor ta ntly,th e tow er i s no longer i n da nger.Joh n Bu r la nd w or ked on th epr oject to sa v e th e tow er.He sa i d i t i s h i gh ly u nli kely th a t th e soft gr ou ndu nder th e tow er w i ll ca u se i t to fa l
42、l a nd only a v er y la r ge ea r th q u a ke w ou ldknock dow n th e tow er.12.Wh y di d G eor ge Mylona ki s stu dy th e Lea ni ng Tow er of Pi sa?A.To find out why it leans.B.To explore why it still stands.D.To research the soft groundC.To call on people to save it.under it.13.Wh a t does th e u
43、nder li ned w or d sti ff i n Pa r a gr a ph 3 r efer to?A.Shaky.B.Sinking.C.Solid.D.Splendid.14.Wh a t mea su r e w a s ta ken to sa v e th e tow er i n th e ea r ly 1990s?A.Limit the number of visitors.B.Remove soil from two sides.C.Monitor the amount of soil D.Make the tower lower in thenorth.wat
44、er.15.Wh a t do Joh n Bu r la ndJ s w or ds su ggest i n th e la st pa r a gr a ph?A.Th e tow er i s sa fe i n most ca ses.B.Th e tow er sti ll lea ns i n da nger.C.Th e tow er ma y fa ll du e to th e soft gr ou nd.D.Th e tow er w i ll sta nd ev en i f la r ge ea r th q u a kes h i t.评卷人得分二、七选五（共5题，
45、每题2分，共10分）How to Ta ke Ca r e of a Bu tter fly Cocoon（茧）If you r e a n elementa r y sch ool sci ence tea ch er or a mom to cu r i ou s li ttle ki ds,you mi gh t a lr ea dy know th a t w i tnessi ng a ca ter pi lla r tu r ni ng i nto a b u tter flyi s one of th e most a w e-i nspi r i ng ex per i enc
46、es th a t a you ng ki d ca n h a v e.16 Apa r t fr om letti ng you r ki ds w i tness th e ch a nge on th e ca ter pi lla r,i t s a lso a good i dea to connect th ei r ex per i ence w i th edu ca ti ona l b a ckgr ou nd.You cou ld let th e ki ds dr a w or ta ke note of th ei r ob ser v a ti ons a b o
47、u t th eca ter pi lla r.Let th em conti nu e th ei r ob ser v a ti ons u nti l th e ca ter pi lla r fi na llytr a nsfor ms i nto a b u tter fly.17 Ca ter pi lla r s spi n cocoons for th emselv es u si ng a si lk-li ke su b sta ncecomi ng fr om th ei r b odi es.Th e ca ter pi lla r a tta ch es th i s
48、 cocoon to a lea f ortw i g a nd w r a ps i ts b ody a r ou nd i t.Th a t s w h y i t s b est th a t you pr ov i de ah a ngi ng sti ck or b r a nch w h er e th e cocoon cou ld b e a tta ch ed to.Th e b est w a y i sto h a v e th e ca ter pi lla r li v e on a n i ndoor pla nt.Do not di stu r b th e c
49、ocoon.Once th e i nsect i s i nsi de th e cocoon,th er ey sa ctu a lly noth i ng else th a t needs to b e done.Th e b est w a y i s to let ev er yb odyknow th a t nob ody sh ou ld tou ch th e cocoon;th e b u tter fly i s b ei ng for med”i nsi de a nd i f a nyb ody di stu r b s i t,th e ch a nces a r
50、 e th a t i t w on,t b e a b le to b efor med pr oper ly.18If th e cocoon fa lls off i ts tw i g,don t pa ni c!Th e i nsect i s sti ll sa fe a nd i tw i ll sti ll emer ge a s a b u tter fly soon enou gh.19 Do not a ttempt to pu t i tb a ck to i ts or i gi na l pla ce.Know w h en th e b u tter fly w