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1、考研外语押题预测卷5一、Use of English1 Most of us would like to be both (1) and creative.Why was Thomas Edison able to invent so many things? Was he simply more intelligent than most people? Did he spend long hours toiling away in private? Surprisingly, when Edison was a young boy, his teacher told him he was
2、too (2)to learn anything. Other famous people whose creative genius went (3)when they were young include Walt Disney, who was fired from a newspaper job because he did not have any good ideas and Enrico Caruso, whose music teacher told him that his (4) was terrible.Disney, Edison and Caruso were int
3、elligent and creative men; (5), experts on creativity believe that intelligence is not the same as creativity. Creativity is the ability to think about something in new and unusual ways, and to (6) out unique solutions to problems. When creative people are asked what enables them to solve problems i
4、n new ways, they say that the ability to find affinities between (7)unrelated elements plays a key role. They also say that they have the timeC. might be available for those not included in the government scheme.D. was brought to peoples minds by advancement of broadwidth tech.IT directors feel comf
5、ortable becauseA. safeguards are no longer really necessary.B. the remote workforce is expanding rapidly.C.they are more confident of their networks safety.D.their staff get easier access to the internet.The example of Telewest is mentioned to show thatA.the Business eliminates the unbalance of peop
6、les life.B. its hard to please peoples various desires.C.the Business is sophisticated in luring customers.D.the diverse demands for remote working are being met.The best title for the passage might beA. Remote Working Is In.B. Telecommunication Tech Is Ever Improving.C. Work-Life Balance Needs to B
7、e Kept.D.Technology Makes Remote Working a Reality.0“106 Scientists have long warned that some level of global warming is a done deal一due in large part to heat-trapping greenhouse gases humans already have pumped skyward. Now, however, researchers are fleshing out how much future warming and sea-lev
8、el rise the world has triggered. The implicit message: We cant stop this, so how do we live with it? says Thomas Wigley, a climate researcher at NCAR.One group, led by Gerald Meehl at NCAR, used two state-of-the-art climate models to explore what could happen if the world had held atmospheric concen
9、trations of greenhouse gases steady since 2000. The results: Even if the world had slammed on the brakes five years ago, global average temperatures would rise by about 1 degree Fahrenheit by the end of the 21st century. Sea levels would rise by another 4 inches over 20th-century increases. Rising s
10、ea-levels would continue well beyond 2100, even without adding water from melting glaciers and ice sheets. The rise highlights the oceans enormous capacity to absorb heat and its slow reaction to changes in atmospheric conditions.The team ran each model several times with a range of what if concentr
11、ations, as well as ob served concentrations, for comparison. Temperatures eventually level out, Dr. Meehl saysin reviewing his teams results. But sea-level increases keep ongoing. The relentless nature of sea-level rise is pretty daunting. /z Dr. Wigley took a slightly different approach with a simp
12、ler model. He ran simulations that capped concentrations, at 2000 levels. If concentrations are held constant, warming could exceed 1. 8 degrees F. by 2400. The two researchers add that far from holding steady, concentrations of greenhouse gases continue to rise. Thus, at best, the results point to
13、the least change people can expect, they say.The idea that some level of global climate change from human activities is inevitable is not new. But the word has been slow to make its way into the broader debate. Many people dont realize we are committed right now to a significant amount of global war
14、ming and sea-level rise. The longer we wait, the more climate change we are committed to in the future, Meehl says. While the concept of climate-change commitment isnt new, these fresh results tell us whats possible and whats realistic” and that for the immediate future, prevention is not on the tab
15、le, says Roger Pielke Jr., director of the Center for Science and Technology Policy Research. To Pielke and others, this means adaptation should be given a much higher priority that its received to date. Theres a cultural bias in favorof prevention, /z he says. But any sound policy includes preparat
16、ion as well, he adds. We have the scientific and technological knowledge we need to improve adaptation and apply that knowledge globally. /zAccording to the research of NCAR, if the concentrations were held steady at 2000 levels,A. the oceans capacity to absorb heat would decline.B.the sea-level wou
17、ld keep on increasing.C.the global average temperature would decrease.D.significant climate change would not take place.Global warming is somethingA.getting worse because of a culture bias.8. caused by the rise of the sea level.C.people have to live with.D.we dont need to worry about in the future.B
18、y at best, the results point to the least change people can expect”, (Paragraph 3) the researchers try to tell us thatA. the impact of climate change is relatively minor.B. the global warming is inevitable in the near future.C. concentrations of greenhouse gases cannot beheld steady.D. the atmospher
19、ic conditions will be better than people think.The views of Pielke and Dr. Wigley on how to face global warming areA. unrelated.B. similar.C. complementary.D. opposite.The author writes this passage toA. call on people to prevent global warming.B.present the results from two research models.C. appea
20、l to people to take adaptation as priority.D. forecast the future trends of global warming.11、Tom Burke recently tried to print out a boarding pass from home before one of the frequent/lights he takes. He couldnt. His name, or one similar to it, is now on one of the Transportation Security Administr
21、ations terrorist watch lists.Every day, thousands of people like Burke find themselves unable o do things like print a boarding pass and are pulled aside for extensive screening because their name, or a name thatsounds like theirs, is on one of the watch lists. From the TSAs perspective, the screeni
22、ng is just one of the many new layers of increased security that are designed to prevent terrorist activity. The inconvenience is regrettable, but a price that society has to pay for security. And for national security reasons, the FBI and other government agencies responsible for supplying names to
23、 the lists will not disclose the criteria they use. They say that would amount to tipping their hands to the terrorists.But civil libertarians are more concerned about the long-term consequence of the current lists. On Sept. 11, 2022, the no-fly list contained 16 names. Now, the combined lists are e
24、stimated to have as many as 20,000. Internal FBI memos from agents referred to the process as really confused and not comprehensive and not centralized. Burke and others contend that such comments axe disturbing, because it was during the first year after the attacks that the watch lists grew expone
25、ntially.“The underlying danger is not that Tom. Burke can no longer get a boarding pass to get on an air line, says a lawyer. Its that the Tom Burkes in the world may forever more be associated (with the terrorist watch list). Burke says they do know thatthe lists axe frequently updated and distribu
26、ted internationally, but they dont know how the old lists are destroyed. They also hope to ensure that sometime in the future a person whose name is on the list, but is not a terrorist, does not run into further trouble if, say, law enforcement in another country that theyre visiting comes across th
27、eir name on one of the old lists.In addition, airlines are concerned that the lists are not updated frequently enough. Weve been encouraging the TSA to work with all of the other federal law-enforcement agencies to get a regular re view of the names that they submit to TSA, because there have been r
28、eports that these agencies have said that if there was a review, many of the names could be removed, z/ says Diana Cronin of the Air Transport Association.The number of names on the no-fly list increases rapidly from 16 to 20,000 most probably becauseA.terrorist attacks are launched frequently.B. ma
29、ny peoples names are similar to known terrorists.C.the screening system is not effective enough.D.terrorists are not accurately identified after 9. 11.12、In the eyes of the TSA, the current system isA. inconvenient and pointless.B. reasonable but imperfect.C.effective and praiseworthy.D.necessary bu
30、t impractical.13、The attitudes of FBI and Burke towards the reliability of the no-fly list areA. similar.B. opposite.C. confusing.D. ambiguous.14、According to paragraph 4, Burkes great concern about the current system is thatA. the system fails to update internationally.B.he is often mistaken for a
31、terrorist.C. the damage done by the list cannot be quickly corrected.D. getting his boarding pass will often take more time.15、The airlines may be satisfied if the TSA canA.distribute the no-fly lists before a flight.B.revise the terrorist watch lists more often.C.prevent terrorists from boarding ai
32、rplanes.D. abolish the current terrorist screening system.16、 People, like most animals, are naturally lazy. So the ascent of mankind is something of a mystery. Humans who make their livings hunting and gathering in the traditional way do not have to put much effort into it. Farmers who rely on rain
33、 to water their crops work significantly harder, and lead unhealthier lives. But the real back-breaking is that carried out by farmers who use irrigation. Yet it was the invention of irrigation, at first sight so harmful to its practitioners that actually produced a sufficient surplus to feed the pr
34、iests, scholars, artists and so on whose activities are collectively thought of as civilization”.In the past 10,000 years, the worlds climate has become temporarily colder and drier on several occasions. The first of these, known as the Younger Dryas, after a tundra-loving plant that thrived during
35、it, occurred at the same time as the beginning of agriculture in northern Mesopotamia. It is widely believed that this was not a coincidence. The drying and cooling of the Younger Dryas adversely affected the food supply of hunter-gatherers. That would have created an incentive for agriculture to sp
36、read once some bright spark invented it.018Why farmers then moved on to irrigation is, however, far from clear. But Harvey Weiss, of Yale University, thinks he knows.Dr. Weiss observes that the development of irrigation coincides with a second cool, dry period, some 8,200 years ago. His analysis of
37、rainfall patterns in the area suggests that rainfall in agriculture5 s upper-Mesopotamian heartland would, at this time, have fallen below the level needed to sustain farming reliably. Farmers would thus have been forced out of the area in search of other opportunities.Once again, an innovative spar
38、k was required. But it clearly occurred to some of these displaced farmers that the slow-moving waters of the lower Tigris and Euphrates, near sea level, could be diverted using canals and used to water crops. And the rest, as the cliche has it, is history.So climate change helped to intensify agric
39、ulture, and thus start civilization. But an equally intriguing idea is that the spread of agriculture caused climate change. In this case, the presumed criminal is forest clearance. Most of the land cultivated by early farmers in the Middle East would have been forested. When the trees that grew the
40、re were cleared, the carbon they contained ended up in the atmosphere as carbon dioxide. Moreover, one form, of farming一the cultivation ofand independence in a (an) (8)setting to (9)a wide range of possible solutions to a problem.How strongly is creativity (10) to intelligence? (11) most creative pe
41、ople are quite intelligent, the (12) is not necessarily true. Many highly intelligent people (13)measured by IQ tests) are not very creative. Some experts remain skeptical that we will ever fully understand the creative process. Others believe that a psychology of creativity is within reach. Most ex
42、perts agree, (14), that the concept of creativity as (15)bubbling up from a magical (16)is a myth. Momentary (17)of insight, (18) by images, make up a (19) part of the creative ? process. At the heart of the creative process are ability and experience that (20)an individuals effort, often over the c
43、ourse of a lifetime.A. imaginativeB.brilliantC. inventiveD.original2、(2)A. clumsyB. awkwardrice in waterlogged fieldsgenerates methane, in large quantities. William Ruddiman, of the University of Virginia, explained that, in combination, these two phenomena had warmed the atmosphere prior to the sta
44、rt of the industrial era. As environmentalists are wont to observe, mankind is part of nature. These studies show just how intimate the relationship is.The invention of irrigation is meaningful because it could help toA. alleviate farmers workload.B. increase agricultural production.C. make planting
45、 much easier.D.get rid of human laziness.According to Dr. Weiss, the second cool and dry period eventuallyA. changed the growing season.B.spurred the use of canals.C. forced the farmers to desert agriculture.D.led to declining populations.From the first four paragraphs, we can infer that the dawn of
46、civilizationA. was accompanied by hardships of human existence.B. is a mystery as yet unknown to mankind.C. can be attributed to the innovative sparks of ancestors.D.was recorded by history books ending at that time.Which of following tends to warm the climate?A.To develop the irrigation system.B.To
47、 promote organic agriculture.C.To revert to hunting and gathering.D.To turn farmland back into forest.The passage is mainly aboutA. the relationship between climate change and civilization.B.the history of global climate change.C. the interaction between nature and human society.D. the impact of the
48、 spread of agriculture:21、 Part B (10 points)In the following text, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable one from the list (A、B C、D E F G) to fit into each of the numbered blank.There are several extra choices, which do not fit in any of thegaps. (10 points)The government panel that sets U. S. vaccine policy already has begun discussing universal immunization* as a way to boost vaccination rates and reduce flu-linked sickness and death, Dr. Scott Harper of the federal Centers for Disease Control and Prevention sa