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1、高考英语真题中的熟词生义attend【熟义】vt.出席，参加【生义】vi.照应，照料；处理，料理（+to）1.What should you do if you want to attend the taster session of Jodies fitness classes? （2021.新高考II卷）如果你想参加Jodie的健身课试听课程，你应该怎么做？2.Please excuse me.I must attend to some business.请原谅，我必须处理一些事情。3.The hotel staff attended to my every need.宾馆员工对我照顾得无
2、微不至。charge【熟义】n.费用;冲锋 vt.收费，索价；指控【生义】vt.充电；装（满）；攻击；猛冲v.1.They always charge a lot for the service.(2011.安徽卷）他们总是对这项服务收费很高。2.Far from charging consumers high prices, many of these services are free (users pay,in effect,by handing over yet more data).（2017.江苏卷）这些服务远非向消费者收取高昂的价格，实际上许多服务是免费的（用户实际上是通过交出更
3、多的数据来支付的）。3.The noise shakes the trees as the male beats his chest and charges toward me.I quickly lower myself, ducking my head to avoid looking directly into his eyes so he doesnt feel challenged.(2018.新课标III卷）当雄性猩猩拍打胸膛并向我冲过来时，噪声震动了树木。我迅速低下身子，避开直视他的眼睛，以免让他感到被挑衅。4.Before use, the battery must be ch
4、arged.电池使用前必须充电。n.1.Drinks now contain 45 million fewer kilos of sugar as a result of manufacturers efforts to avoid the charge, according to Treasury figures.（2022.全国乙卷）根据财政部的数据，由于制造商努力避免这项费用，现在的饮料中糖的含量已经减少了4500万公斤。2.Theres an apparent laziness that surrounds you here.Its what this place offers, an
5、d its free of charge.The small waves that tap the shoreline seem to slow everything down.（ 2014.湖北卷）这里似乎有一种明显的懒散气息环绕着你。这就是这个地方所提供的，而且是免费的。拍打海岸线的小浪似乎让一切都放慢了节奏。3.Though DIY has traditionally been seen as male hobby, the research shows it is women now leading the charge.（2013.全国甲卷）虽然DIY传统上被视为男性的爱好，但研究表
6、明现在是女性在引领这个潮流。coin【熟义】n.硬币【生义】vt.造币，铸币；创造，杜撰（新单词或短语）1.The term cardboard city was coined to describe communities of homeless people living in cardboard boxes.人们创造了 cardboard city 一词，用来指居住在纸板棚里的无家可归者所聚集的地区。2.As a 5-year-old boy, I couldnt take my eyes off the coin changer fixed to his belt.He noticed
7、 this one day during a delivery and gave me a quarter our of his coin changer.（2011.全国卷II)作为一个5岁的男孩，我总是盯着他腰带上固定的硬币换钱器看。有一天他在送货时注意到了这一点，于是从他的换钱器中给了我一枚25美分硬币。collect【熟义】vt.收集【生义】vt.积聚，积累；募集；领取；收到，获得1.We decided to collect as many school supplies as possible，and make them into kitsone kit，one child (20
8、21.北京卷）我们决定尽可能多地收集学习用品，并将它们制成套装一个套装，一个孩子。2.Last year it recovered more than 807,500 pounds of food by taking donations and collecting blemished (有瑕疵的) produce that otherwise would have rotted in fields.(2022.新高考I卷）去年，该机构通过接受捐赠和收集可能在田地里腐烂的有瑕疵的农产品，回收了超过807,500磅的食物。3.The government has collected money.
9、（2021.新高考I卷）政府已经筹集到了资金。collect ones thoughte.g.She paused to collect her thoughts before entering the interview room.她停下来定了定神，才走进面试室。count【熟义】vt.数数；计算【生义】v.依靠；依赖（on); 认为；看作；有价值，要紧1.But how should you have this conversation with the professor? Here are five insider tips about how to make that office
10、hour really count: （2015.浙江卷）但你应该如何与教授进行这次对话呢？以下是五个内幕提示，告诉你如何让这个办公时间真正有价值：2.Your attitude and effort count a lot.（2020.江苏卷）你的态度和努力非常重要。3.That was the first time Dad had counted on me in a moment of emergency （2021.重庆卷）那是爸爸第一次在紧急情况下依赖我。4.Unfortunately,though,they dont usually hold office hours at mid
11、night,so youll be out of luck when you discover the night before the midterm that you have no idea how to do the questions that will count for two-thirds of your grade.(2013.浙江卷）不幸的是，他们通常不会在午夜设立办公时间，所以当你在期中考试前一夜发现自己不知道如何回答将占你三分之二成绩的问题时，你就会非常倒霉。5.I count him among my closest friends.我把他看作我最亲密的朋友之一。co
12、ver【熟义】vt.覆盖 n.封面；被子【生义】vt.占地面积；走完（一段路程）；报道；够付（费用）1.Covering an area about three times the size of Yellowstone National Park, the GPNP will be one of the first national parks in the country.（2022.新高考I卷）覆盖面积大约是黄石国家公园的三倍，GPNP将成为该国第一个国家公园之一。2.In a world where nearly 800 million people a year go hungry,
13、 “food waste goes against the moral grain,” as Elizabeth Royte writes in this months cover story.在一个每年近8亿人口饥饿的世界里，“食物浪费违背了道德底线”，正如伊丽莎白罗伊特在本月的封面故事中所写的那样。 （2022.新高考I卷）3.Outside,when I told Sally what happened,she covered her mouth,laughing.She couldnt believe how long they let us look around without s
14、aying anything.（2018.天津卷）当我在外面告诉Sally发生了什么时，她捂住嘴笑了。她无法相信他们竟然让我们在那里看了那么久而不说任何话。4.One tiny 9-inch plant, bought for $1.25 in the spring, has already taken over much of my rose bed, covering much of other plants, and is well on its way to the front door.（2005.全国I卷）一个只有9英寸的小植物，春天时以1.25美元的价格购买，现在已经占据了我玫瑰
15、花坛的大部分，覆盖了很多其他植物，并且正快速延伸向前门。5.The government will cover production costs.(2012.江苏卷）政府将承担生产成本。6.Cover me while I move forward.掩护我前进。7.The BBC will cover all the major games of the tournament.英国广播公司将报道这次锦标赛的所有重要赛事。8.Brighten up your room with some colourful cushion covers.用一些色彩鲜艳的靠垫套使你的房间更添亮丽。cover up
16、 Mature adults may sometimes feel pressured to cover up illegal activity at the company where they work,or end up in debt because they are unable to hold back the desire to buy a house or car that they cant afford in an effort to “keep up with the Joneses.” (2014.江苏卷）成熟的成年人有时可能会感到压力，试图掩盖他们工作的公司的非法活动
17、，或者因为无法抑制购买他们负担不起的房子或汽车的欲望，以努力“追赶琼斯家族”，最后负债累累。attend【熟义】vt.出席，参加【生义】vi.照应，照料；处理，料理（+to）1.What should you do if you want to attend the taster session of Jodies fitness classes? （2021.新高考II卷）如果你想参加Jodie的健身课试听课程，你应该怎么做？2.Please excuse me.I must attend to some business.请原谅，我必须处理一些事情。3.The hotel staff at
18、tended to my every need.宾馆员工对我照顾得无微不至。charge【熟义】n.费用;冲锋 vt.收费，索价；指控【生义】vt.充电；装（满）；攻击；猛冲v.1.They always charge a lot for the service.(2011.安徽卷）他们总是对这项服务收费很高。2.Far from charging consumers high prices, many of these services are free (users pay,in effect,by handing over yet more data).（2017.江苏卷）这些服务远非向
19、消费者收取高昂的价格，实际上许多服务是免费的（用户实际上是通过交出更多的数据来支付的）。3.The noise shakes the trees as the male beats his chest and charges toward me.I quickly lower myself, ducking my head to avoid looking directly into his eyes so he doesnt feel challenged.(2018.新课标III卷）当雄性猩猩拍打胸膛并向我冲过来时，噪声震动了树木。我迅速低下身子，避开直视他的眼睛，以免让他感到被挑衅。4.
20、Before use, the battery must be charged.电池使用前必须充电。n.1.Drinks now contain 45 million fewer kilos of sugar as a result of manufacturers efforts to avoid the charge, according to Treasury figures.（2022.全国乙卷）根据财政部的数据，由于制造商努力避免这项费用，现在的饮料中糖的含量已经减少了4500万公斤。2.Theres an apparent laziness that surrounds you h
21、ere.Its what this place offers, and its free of charge.The small waves that tap the shoreline seem to slow everything down.（ 2014.湖北卷）这里似乎有一种明显的懒散气息环绕着你。这就是这个地方所提供的，而且是免费的。拍打海岸线的小浪似乎让一切都放慢了节奏。3.Though DIY has traditionally been seen as male hobby, the research shows it is women now leading the charg
22、e.（2013.全国甲卷）虽然DIY传统上被视为男性的爱好，但研究表明现在是女性在引领这个潮流。coin【熟义】n.硬币【生义】vt.造币，铸币；创造，杜撰（新单词或短语）1.The term cardboard city was coined to describe communities of homeless people living in cardboard boxes.人们创造了 cardboard city 一词，用来指居住在纸板棚里的无家可归者所聚集的地区。2.As a 5-year-old boy, I couldnt take my eyes off the coin ch
23、anger fixed to his belt.He noticed this one day during a delivery and gave me a quarter our of his coin changer.（2011.全国卷II)作为一个5岁的男孩，我总是盯着他腰带上固定的硬币换钱器看。有一天他在送货时注意到了这一点，于是从他的换钱器中给了我一枚25美分硬币。collect【熟义】vt.收集【生义】vt.积聚，积累；募集；领取；收到，获得1.We decided to collect as many school supplies as possible，and make t
24、hem into kitsone kit，one child (2021.北京卷）我们决定尽可能多地收集学习用品，并将它们制成套装一个套装，一个孩子。2.Last year it recovered more than 807,500 pounds of food by taking donations and collecting blemished (有瑕疵的) produce that otherwise would have rotted in fields.(2022.新高考I卷）去年，该机构通过接受捐赠和收集可能在田地里腐烂的有瑕疵的农产品，回收了超过807,500磅的食物。3.T
25、he government has collected money.（2021.新高考I卷）政府已经筹集到了资金。collect ones thought e.g.She paused to collect her thoughts before entering the interview room.她停下来定了定神，才走进面试室。count【熟义】vt.数数；计算【生义】v.依靠；依赖（on); 认为；看作；有价值，要紧1.But how should you have this conversation with the professor? Here are five insider
26、tips about how to make that office hour really count: （2015.浙江卷）但你应该如何与教授进行这次对话呢？以下是五个内幕提示，告诉你如何让这个办公时间真正有价值：2.Your attitude and effort count a lot.（2020.江苏卷）你的态度和努力非常重要。3.That was the first time Dad had counted on me in a moment of emergency （2021.重庆卷）那是爸爸第一次在紧急情况下依赖我。4.Unfortunately,though,they do
27、nt usually hold office hours at midnight,so youll be out of luck when you discover the night before the midterm that you have no idea how to do the questions that will count for two-thirds of your grade.(2013.浙江卷）不幸的是，他们通常不会在午夜设立办公时间，所以当你在期中考试前一夜发现自己不知道如何回答将占你三分之二成绩的问题时，你就会非常倒霉。5.I count him among m
28、y closest friends.我把他看作我最亲密的朋友之一。cover【熟义】vt.覆盖 n.封面；被子【生义】vt.占地面积；走完（一段路程）；报道；够付（费用）1.Covering an area about three times the size of Yellowstone National Park, the GPNP will be one of the first national parks in the country.（2022.新高考I卷）覆盖面积大约是黄石国家公园的三倍，GPNP将成为该国第一个国家公园之一。2.In a world where nearly 8
29、00 million people a year go hungry, “food waste goes against the moral grain,” as Elizabeth Royte writes in this months cover story.在一个每年近8亿人口饥饿的世界里，“食物浪费违背了道德底线”，正如伊丽莎白罗伊特在本月的封面故事中所写的那样。 （2022.新高考I卷）3.Outside,when I told Sally what happened,she covered her mouth,laughing.She couldnt believe how lon
30、g they let us look around without saying anything.（2018.天津卷）当我在外面告诉Sally发生了什么时，她捂住嘴笑了。她无法相信他们竟然让我们在那里看了那么久而不说任何话。4.One tiny 9-inch plant, bought for $1.25 in the spring, has already taken over much of my rose bed, covering much of other plants, and is well on its way to the front door.（2005.全国I卷）一个只
31、有9英寸的小植物，春天时以1.25美元的价格购买，现在已经占据了我玫瑰花坛的大部分，覆盖了很多其他植物，并且正快速延伸向前门。5.The government will cover production costs.(2012.江苏卷）政府将承担生产成本。6.Cover me while I move forward.掩护我前进。7.The BBC will cover all the major games of the tournament.英国广播公司将报道这次锦标赛的所有重要赛事。8.Brighten up your room with some colourful cushion c
32、overs.用一些色彩鲜艳的靠垫套使你的房间更添亮丽。cover up Mature adults may sometimes feel pressured to cover up illegal activity at the company where they work,or end up in debt because they are unable to hold back the desire to buy a house or car that they cant afford in an effort to “keep up with the Joneses.” (2014.江
33、苏卷）成熟的成年人有时可能会感到压力，试图掩盖他们工作的公司的非法活动，或者因为无法抑制购买他们负担不起的房子或汽车的欲望，以努力“追赶琼斯家族”，最后负债累累。drive【熟义】vt.开车【生义】vt.吹，卷；驱赶；迫使 n.车程；干劲；活动；强烈愿望1.Vacancies(空位) now and in the school holidays at a country hotel in Devon.This comfortable, friendly home-from-home lies near the beautiful quiet countryside, but just a dr
34、ive away from the sea.The food is simple but good.Children and pets are welcome.Reduced prices for low season.（2018.全国I卷）现在以及在假期中，位于德文郡的一家乡村酒店有空位。这个舒适、友好的家一般的住所位于美丽的宁静乡村附近，但只需驾车就能到达海边。食物简单但美味。欢迎儿童和宠物入住。淡季价格优惠。2.Perhaps evolution(进化) provided human babies with curiosity and a natural drive to explain
35、 their worlds,and adult scientists simply make use of the same drive that served them as children.The same cognitive(认知的) systems that make young children feel good about figuring something out may have been adopted by adult scientists.(2016.浙江卷）也许进化赋予了人类婴儿好奇心和自然驱使他们解释自己世界的冲动，成年科学家们只是利用了同样在他们儿童时期服务过
36、他们的驱动力。使年幼的孩子在理解某件事情时感觉良好的同样的认知系统，可能已经被成年科学家采用。3.Hell do very wellhe has tremendous drive.他会干得很出色的，他干劲十足。4.However, it stayed with her and learned about the ways of the forest.Then, after two and a half years,the mother drove the young panda away.（2016.四川卷）然而，小熊猫一直陪伴在母熊猫身边，学习森林的生活方式。然后，在两年半之后，母熊猫将小熊
37、猫赶走。5.If we admit it is a door, theyll want to go outside constantly .It will drive us crazy.The kids apparently know the truth .But our insisting its merely a window has kept them from attempting millions of requests to open the door.（2020.全国卷I)如果我们承认那是一扇门，他们会想要不断地出去。这将会把我们逼疯。孩子们显然知道真相。但是我们坚称那只是一扇窗
38、户，已经阻止了他们尝试数百万次去开门的请求。6.Small does not mean weak,sir,”she defended herself.“I was born in the country of Wisconsin.Ive driven teams of horses and carried water.Making a full-length clay(粘土) figure would not exhaust my strengthand that is what I intend to do!” (2020.全国乙卷）“小并不意味着弱，先生，”她为自己辩护。“我出生在威斯康星
39、州的乡下。我曾驾驭过马队，搬运过水。制作一个全身的粘土雕像不会耗尽我的力量这就是我打算做的！”employ【熟义】vt.雇用【生义】vt.使用，利用1.According to the Dallas Area Cultural Advocacy Coalition,arts agencies employ more than 10,000 people as full-or part-time employees or independent contractors.（2018.江苏卷）根据达拉斯地区文化倡导联盟的数据，艺术机构雇佣了超过10,000人，作为全职或兼职员工或独立承包商。2.Ca
40、rson proves that a simple lyric form that has been passed down through the ages can still be employed today to draw attention to important truths.(2013.全国甲卷）卡森证明，一个简单的抒情形式，经过世代传承，至今仍可以用来引起人们对重要真理的关注。3.In the Middle Ages, merchants ants employed “town criers” to read public messages aloud to promote
41、their goods.（2011.全国II卷）在中世纪，商人雇佣“城市传令官”大声朗读公开信息来推广他们的商品。equal【熟义】adj.平等的，相等的 v.等于【生义】adj.胜任的 vt.比得上1.The key finding of the study was that when crowds were further divided into smaller groups that were allowed to have a discussion, the averages from these groups were more accurate than those from a
42、n equal number of independent individuals.（2023.全国新课标I卷）该研究的关键发现是，当人群被进一步划分为可以进行讨论的小组时，这些小组的平均值比同等数量的独立个体的平均值更准确。2.So we chase it and equal it with wealth and success,without noticing that the people who have those things arent necessarily happier.（2013.天津卷）所以我们追逐它并把它等同于财富和成功，却没有注意到拥有那些东西的人并不一定更快乐。3
43、.Mumbets tombstone still stands in the Massachusetts cemetery where she was buried.It reads,in part:“She was born a slave and remained a slave for nearly thirty years.She could neither read nor write,yet in her own sphere she had no superior or equal.” （2014.山东卷）穆姆贝特的墓碑依然矗立在她被埋葬的马萨诸塞州的墓地上。碑文部分内容如下：“
44、她出生时是一个奴隶，而且近三十年都是奴隶。她既不会读也不会写，然而在她自己的领域里，她无人能及。”4.But not all senses of humor are created equal.So I thought it would be useful to include some humor tips for everyday life.（2020.江苏卷）但并非所有的幽默感都是平等的。所以我认为，提供一些日常生活中的幽默小贴士会很有帮助。5.It was calculated that when it population reached its highest point ,the
45、y were more than 3billlion passenger pigeonsa number equal to 24 to 40 percent of the total bird population in the United States, making it perhaps the most abundant bird in the world.（2014.全国新课标I卷）据计算，当旅鸽的数量达到最高点时，它们的数量超过了30亿这个数字相当于美国总鸟类数量的24%到40%，这可能使旅鸽成为世界上数量最多的鸟类。6.None of us can equal her.没人能比得
46、上她。exercise【熟义】vt.练习 n.锻炼【U】；练习【C】【生义】vt.行使、运用（能力、权力）；发挥1.It helps to exercise a persons mind.（2021.全国新高考I卷）它有助于锻炼人的思维。2.The first group participated in a program of nonaerobic（无氧）exercisebalance training and weight trainingthree times a week.The second group did high-intensity aerobic exercise unde
47、r the guidance of a trainer for four or more days a week.After two years, the second group saw remarkable improvements in heart health.（2022.全国新高考II卷）第一组参与了每周三次的无氧运动项目平衡训练和力量训练。第二组在教练的指导下每周进行四次或更多次的高强度有氧运动。两年后，第二组在心脏健康方面取得了显著的改善。3.He didnt exercise good judgment.他没能做出正确的判断。figure【熟义】n.数字；人像；画像；图；图表【
48、生义】n.人物 v.领会，懂得；推测，判断，估计1.Twain was an admirable figure comparable to Abraham Lincoln.（2013.江苏卷）吐温是一个堪比亚伯拉罕林肯的令人敬仰的人物。2.The study looked at the range of jobs mothers do,as well as the hours they are working,to determine the figure.This would make their yearly income 30,000 more than the Prime Minister earns.（2015.四川卷）该研究考察了母亲们从事的各种工作以及她们的工作时间，以确定这个数字。这将使她们的年收入比首相多出30,000英镑。3.Vinnies face turned red.She realiz