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1、中考英语总复习一形容词副词用法专题精讲 中考英语总复习-形容词副词用法专题精讲i 形容词-命题趋势形容词是历年各省市中考必考知识点。从考查形式看，一般有单项选择、完形填空、词语运用等。所 占分值通常为2 4 分。从命题意图看，侧重考查考生在具体语言环境中使用形容词的能力。-考查重点中考试题对形容词的考查涉及形容词原级，比较级和最高级的各种句型、形容词作定语的位置、易混淆的形容词用法辨析等。其中，形容词比较等级句型、形容词修饰不定代词something,anything,everything,nothing时的位置，易混淆的形容词用法辨析等是考查的热点。一、形容词的一般用法1.作定语、一般放在所
2、修饰词的前面。例如，its a cold and windy day.2.作表语，放在系动词的后面。例如，he looks happy today.3.形容词修饰 something,anything,nothing,everything等复合不定代词时，须放在其后。例如，would you like something hot to drink?4.表示长、宽、高、深及年龄的形容词，应放在相应的名词之后。例如，how long is the river?its about two hundred metreslong.5.只能作表语的形容词:afraid害 怕;alone独 自 的;asle
3、ep睡着的；aw ake醒 着 的;alive活着的；w ell健康的；ill病的;frightened 害怕的例如，the man is ill.（正）the ill man is my uncle.（误）6.只能作定语的形容词：little小的；only唯一的；wooden木质的；woolen羊毛质的；elder年长的例如，my elder brother is in beijing.（lE）my brother is elder.（误）7.貌似副词的形容词：lonely独自的；friendly友好的；lively生动的；lovely可爱的8.复合形容词：snow-white雪 白 的 e
4、nglish-speaking说英语的;glass-topped 玻璃罩的；full-time 全日制的；well-known 众所周知的；kind-hearted 善 良的；man-made 人造的；take-away可以带走的；ten-year-old十岁的。二、多个形容词修饰名词时，其顺序为：限定词（冠词、指示代词、形容词性物主代词、数词）描绘词（大小，长短，形状，新旧，长幼，颜色）出处材料性质类别名词a small round table-张小圆桌a tall white building 一幢高大的白色建筑物a dirty old black shirt 一件又脏又旧的黑色衬衣a f
5、amous american medical school 个非常著名的美国医学院三、形容词常用句型+adj.+of+sb.+不定式”表示“某人（做某事）怎么样注意：这一句型中常用描述行为者的性格、品质的形容词，如 good（好的），kind（友善的），nice（友好的），polite（有礼貌的），clever（聪明的），foolish（愚蠢的），lazy（懒惰的），careful（细心的）,careless（粗心的）,right（正确的），wrong（错误的）等。例如，its very kind of you to help me.(二you are very kind tohelp me.
6、）你能帮助我，真好。its very rude of her to say such words.(二she is very rude tosay such words.）她说这样的话，真粗鲁。its foolish of him to go alone.(=he is foolish to go alone.)他单独出去太傻了。2尸it，s+adj.+for+sb.+不定式 表示 做某事对某人来说怎么样注意：这一句型中常用的形容词有im portant（重要的），necessary（必要的）,difficult（困难的），easy（容易的）,hard（艰难的），dangerous（危险的），
7、safe（安全的），useful（有益的），pleasant（舒适的），interesting（有趣的），impossible（不可能的）等。例如，s not easy for them to learn a foreign language.(=tolearn a foreign language is not easy for them.)对于他们来说学好一门外语不容易。its very important for students to listen to teacherscarefully.(=to listen to teachers carefully is very import
8、ant forstudents.）对于学生来说上课认真听老师讲课是非常重要的。its necessary for us to get to school on time.(二to get toschool on time is necessary for us.）对于我们来说按时到校是非常必要的。3.表示感情或情绪的形容词，如 glad（高兴的），pleased（高兴的），sad（忧伤的），thankful（感激的）等常接不定式。例如，glad to see you.见到你非常高兴。im very sad to hear the bad news.听到这个坏新闻，我非常难过。4.表示能力和意志
9、的形容词，如 ready（乐意的，有准备的），able（有能力的），sure（一定），certain（一定）等常接不定式。例如，lei feng is always ready to help others.雷锋总是乐于助人。he is sure to get to school on time.他一定会按时到校。副词-命题趋势副词是历年各省市中考必考知识点。从考查形式看，一般有单项选择、完形填空、词语运用等。所占分值通常为2 4 分。从命题意图看，侧重考查考生的具体语言环境中使用副词的能力。-考查重点中考试题对副词的考查涉及常用副词的用法、副词等级的各种句型、易混淆的副词用法辨析等。其中，频
10、度副词always,often,usually,sometimes,never,时I用副词 already,yet,stilL just,疑问副词 how,why,when,w here,程度副词 enough,quite以及too,also,either等的用法区别，副词比较等级句型是考查的热点。一、副词的分类副词按词汇意义可分为：方式副词：welL fast,slowly,carefully,quickly程度副词：very,much,enough,almost,rather,quite地点昌I 词：here,there,out,somewhere,abroad,home,时间副词:tod
11、ay,early,soon,now,then,recently,still频度副词：always,often,usually,sometimes,seldom,never否定副词：no,not,neither,nor,疑问副词：where,how,why其他：also,too,only二、副词的基本用法：副词是用来修饰动词、形容词、其他副词以及全句话的词类,表示时间、地点、程度、方式等概念。例如,l.we should listen to our teachers carefully.我们应该认真听老师讲课。2.he is very happy today.他今天非常高兴。3.44what h
12、appened?”i asked,rather angrily.发生么事 情了？我相当生气地问。4.in spring,i can see flowers everywhere.在春天，我到处都能看到花。三、常见副词用法辨析1.already与y et的区别already用于肯定句句中，表示“已经”;yet用于否定句句末,表示“还”，用于疑问句句末，表示“已经”例如,he had already left when i called.当我给他打电话时,他已经离开了。have you found your ruler yet?你已经找到你的尺子了吗？i havent finished my ho
13、mework yet.我还没有完成作业。注意：already还可以表示惊奇，惊讶等语气，常用于疑问句句末例如:has your son gone to school already?你的儿子已经上学了吗？（表示很惊讶）2 very,much 和 very much.的区别very用于修饰形容词或副词的原级；much用于修饰形容词或副词的比较级；修饰动词要用very much.例如，john is very honest.约翰非常诚实。this garden is much bigger than that one.这个花园比刃K 个大的多。thank you very much.非常感谢你3.
14、so与such的区别so修饰形容词或副词;such修饰名词，例如，my brother runs so fast that i cant follow him.我弟弟跑得那么快以至于我跟不上他。he is such a boy.他是 个这样的孩子。so修饰的形容词后可以有一个单数的可数名词，其结构是“so+形容词+a/an+可数名词单数”.such可以修饰可数名词单复数和不可数名词，名词前可以有形容词作定语，其结构是“such+a/an+形容词+可数名词单数”，“such+形容词+可数名词复数/不可数名词”，.例如，he is so clever a boy.二he is such a cle
15、ver boy.他是一个如此聪明的孩子。it is such cold weathei.这么冷的天气。（正）it is so cold weather.（误）they are such good students.他们是那么好的学生。（正）they are so good students.（误）如果可数名词复数前有many,few或不可数名词前有much,little 修饰，用 so 不用 such.例如，so many（如此多的）；so few（如此少的）可以加可数名词复数so much（如此多的）；so little（如此少的）可以加不可数名词4.also,too,as well 与 e
16、ither 的区别also,as well,too,用于肯定句，also常用于be动词，情态动词，助动词之后,行为动词之前；as well,too用于句末;either用于否定句中，置于句末。例如，my father is a teacher,my mother is also a teacher.=my father is a teacher,my mother is a teacher as well.二my father is a teacher,my mother is a teacher,too.我爸爸是一名老师，我妈妈也是。i cant speak french.,jenny ca
17、nt speak french,either.我不会说法语，詹妮也不会。5.sometime,sometimes,some time 与 some times 的区另!jsometime:某一时间，某一时刻，可指将来时，也可指过去时sometimes：有时，不时的some time:一 段时间some times:儿 次，儿倍.例 如，well have a test sometime next m onth.下个月的某一,时间，我们要进行一次测试。sometimes we are busy and sometimes we are not.有时我们很忙，有时不忙。he stayed in b
18、eijing for some time last year.他去年在北京呆了一段时间。i have been to beijing some tim es.我去过北京好几次。6.a g o与before的区别a g o表示以现在为起点的“以前”，常与一般过去时连用，不可以单独使用。before指过去或将来的某时刻“以前”，也可泛指以前，常利完成时连用，可以单独使用。例 如，i saw him ten minutes ago.我十分钟之前看到的他。lie told me that he had seen the film before.他告诉我他以前看过这场电影。7.now,just 与 ju
19、st now 的区别n o w:与一般现在时、现在进行时、现在完成时连用，意为“现在”j u s t:与现在完成时、过去完成时连用，表示“刚.just n ow:和过去时连用，表示“刚才.例如，where does he live now?他现在住哪里？we have just seen the film.我们刚看过这场电影。he was here just now.他刚才在这里。iii、形容词，副词的比较级、最高级一、规则变化1.一般在词尾直接加 er 或 e s t,例如，tall-taller-tallest,long-longer-longest2.以不发音的字母e结尾的单词在词尾直接
20、加r或s t,例如,nice-nicer-nicest3.以辅音字母+y结尾的词，把y变为i,再加er或e s t,例如，heavy-heavier-heaviest4.重读闭音节，末尾只有一个辅音字母，双写这个辅音字母,再 力 口 er 或 e s t,例如，big-bigger-biggest5.部分双音节词和多音节词分别在原级前加more构成比较级和 most 构成最局级，例如，slowly-more slowly-most slowly；beautiful-more beautiful-most beautiful二、不规则变化F列单、双音节词只能加more和most.iv形容词，副词
21、等级的用法一、原级的用法1.只能修饰原级的词，very,quite,so,too例如，he is too tired to walk on.他太累了以至于不能再继续走了。my brother runs so fast that i cant follow him.我弟弟跑得为B么快以至于我跟不上他。2.原级常用的句型结构“甲+be+（倍数）+as+形容词原级+as+乙”表示“甲利乙程度相同”或“甲是乙的儿倍”例如，tom is as old as kate.汤姆和凯特年龄一样大。tom is twice as old as kate.汤姆的年龄是凯特的二倍。“甲+实意动词+（倍数）+as+副词
22、原级+as+乙”表示“甲和乙程度相同 或 甲是乙的几倍”例如，tom runs as fast as inike.汤姆和迈克跑得一 样快。tom runs twice as fast as mike.汤姆跑得速度是迈克的二倍。（2）“甲+be+not+as/so+形容词原级+as+乙”甲不如乙例如，this room is not as/so big as that one.这个房间不如那个大。“甲+助动词+not+动词原形+as/so+副词原级+as+乙”甲不如乙例如，he doesnt walk as slowly as you.他走路不像你那样慢。二、比较级的用法1.可以修饰比较级的词，
23、much,a lot,f a r,的多a little,a bit,.点JLeven甚至，still仍然例如，lesson one is much easier than lesson two.第课比第二课容易得多。tom looks even younger than before.汤姆甚至比以前更年轻。this train runs much faster than that one.这辆火车比那辆跑地快。she drives still more carefully than her husband.她开车仍然比她丈夫还认真。2.比较级常用的句型结构“甲+be+（倍数）+形容词比较级+t
24、han+乙”表示“甲比乙”或“甲比乙儿倍”例如，tom is taller than kate.汤姆比凯特IWJ。this room is three times bigger than that one.这个房|同比那个大三倍。“甲+实意动词+（倍数）+副词比较级+than+乙”表示“甲比乙”或“甲比乙儿倍”例如，i got up earlier than my mother this morning.我今天早晨起床比我妈妈还早。he runs three times faster than his brother.他跑的速度比他弟弟快三倍。（2）“甲+be+形容词比较级+than+any
25、other+单数名词（+介词短语）”表示“甲比同一范围的任何一个人/物都”，含义是“甲最例如，the yangtze river is longer than any other river inchina.二 the yangtze river is longer than any of the other rivers inchina.长江比中国的任何一条其他的河都长。二 the yangtze river is longer than the other rivers in china.长江比中国的其他所有的河都长。二the yangtze river is the longest ri
26、ver in china.长江是中国最长的河流。注 意:the yangtze riveris longer than any river in japan.长江比日本的任何一条河都长。“甲+实意动词+副词比较级+than+anyother+单数名词（+介词短语）”表示“甲比同一范围的任何一个人/物都”，含义是“甲最例如，mike gets to school earlier than any other student inhis class.二 mike gets to school earlier than any of the other studentsin his class.迈克
27、比他们班上任何一个其他的同学到校都早。二 mike gets to school earlier than the other students in hisclass.迈克比他们班上其他的同学到校都早。=mike gets to school earliest in his class.迈克在他们班到校最早。注意：mike gets to school earlier than any student in tomsclass.迈克比汤姆班上任何一个学生到校都早。（迈克和汤姆不是同一个班）（3）“甲+be+the+形容词比较级+ofthetwo+.表示 甲是两者中较的”。例如，look at
28、 the two boys.my brother is the taller of the two.看那两个男孩，我弟弟是两个当中较高的那个。(4)“比较级+and+比较级”表示“越来越.例如，he is getting taller and taller.他变得越来越局了。the flowers are more and more beautiful.花儿越来越漂灵。lie does his homework more and more carefully.他做作业越来越认真了。(5)“the+比较级，the+比较级”表示“越.,越.例如，the more careful you are,t
29、he fewer mistakes youUlmake.你越认真，犯的错误越少。(6)“特殊疑问词+be+形容词比较级，甲or乙？”例如，which is bigger,the earth or the moon?哪 大，地球还是月球？“特殊疑问词+实意动词+副词比较级，甲or乙？”例如，who draws better,jenny or danny?谁画得比较好，詹妮还是丹尼？3.最高级常用句型结构“主语+be+the+形容词最高级+单数名词+in/of短语”表示”.是.中最.的”。例如，tom is the tallest in his class./of all the students
30、.汤姆是他们班上/所有学生当中最高的。this apple is the biggest of the five.这个苹果是五个当中最大的。“主语+实意动词+(the)+副词最高级+单数名词+in/of短语”表示“是中最的”。例如,i jump(the)farthest in my class.我是我们班跳得最远的。(2)“主语+be+oneofthe+形容词最高级+复数名词+in/of短语”表示“是中最之一”。例如，beijing is one of the largest cities in china.北乐是中国最大城市之一。(3)“特殊疑问词+be+the+最高级+甲，乙，oi丙？”用
31、于三者以上的比较。例如，which country is the largest,china,brazil or Canada?哪一个国家最大，中国，巴西还是加拿大？“特殊疑问词+be+the+副词最局级+甲，乙，oi丙？”用于三者以上的比较彳 列 女 ，which season do you like(the)best,spring,summer orautumn?你最喜欢哪一个季节，春天，夏天还是秋天？-例题剖析1 i have to do today.a.anything importantb.something importantc.important nothingd.importa
32、nt something答案b形容词修饰复合不定代词时应放在其后面。故排除C、d,句意是“我今天有重要的事情要做”，表示肯定用something。2 is chemistry more difficult than physics?-no,chemistry isn,t as as physics.a.easyb.difficultc.easierd.moredifficult答案b(not)asa s中应接形容词原级，结合上句“化学没有物理难”，故b是正确的。3.beijing is becoming and_.a.more beautiful,moreb.beautiful,beautif
33、ulc.more,more beautifuld.more beautiful,more beautiful答 案c比较级+and+比较级，表示“越来越”，多音节的形容词more and more+形容词4.children there are in a family,their life willbe.a.the less,the betterb.the fewer,the betterc.fewer?richerd.more,poorer答案bthe+比较级，the+比较级，表示“越越”，由句意得知“家里孩子越少，生活会越好，children是可数名词，应 用few来修饰。5.the ex
34、periment w as easier than we had expected.a.moreb.muchmorec.muchd.moremuch答 案c m uch可修饰比较级，easier本身已是比较级，不能再用 more.6 oct 15th was one of days in 2003.the shenzhou-vwas sent up successfully.a.excitingb.more excitingc.the most excitingd.much exciting答案c根据“one of+最高级+复数名词”固定句型应选co7.its seven oclock in
35、the afternoon,but they arehaving a meeting.aalreadyb.stillc.yetd.ever答案bstill意为“仍旧，仍然”，这句话的意思是：现在已经是下午七点，他们仍旧在开会。8.remember not to speak when we are in the readingroom.a.fastb.slowlyc.politelyd.loudly答 案d“在阅览室里不要大声说话”，副词loudly修饰动词speak.9.has this food store been in business?”“since 2001.”a.how longb
36、.how oftenc.liow oldd.how soon答 案asince+过去时间点”为“从过去的某一时间到现在”，表示一段时间，故选“how long”.10.-what was the weather like yesterday?-it was terrible.it rained so that people could_ go out.a.hardly.hardb.hardly.hardlyc.hard.hardlyd.liartl.hard答案crain在句中是动词，作谓语，后面用副词修饰，hard作副词，是“猛烈地”的意思，hardly是“几乎不”的意思。同步练习l.w h
37、at a cough!you seem ill.a.terrible,terriblyb.terribly,terriblec.terrible,terribled.terribly,terribly2.i feel even now.a.badb.wellc.worsed.worst3.she was very happy,she ran of all the runners.a.fastestb.the quickestc.slowestd.quickly4.keep quiet,please.it,s noisy here.a.many toob.too manyc.much tood.
38、too much5-have you spoken to a foreigner?-no,a.already,neverb.ever,neverc.yet,alreadyd.ever,ever6.he is taller than in his class.a.any boyb.anyc.any other boyd.some other boys7.ill go and visit you next week.a.sometimeb.sometimesc.some timesd.some time8.the car is r u n n i n g.i t seems to be flyin
39、g.a.more and fasterb.more and fastc.fast and fastd.faster and faster9.english is as as Chinese.you should learn it well.a.import antb.more importantc.the most importantd.much more important10.music is not so useful as science.its useful thanscience.a.fewerb.lessc mored.a lotl l .weVe never heard of
40、story before.a.such a strangeb.such strangec.so a stranged.so strange12.you must wear glasses.they can keep your eyes.a.softb.safec.safelyd.safety13.pass my glasses to me,jack.i can read the words inthe newspaper.a.hardlyb.reallyc clearlyd.rather14.three year s,he become a driver.a.lateb.laterc.late
41、lyd.more lately15.he is enough to carry the heavy box.a.strongerb.much strongerc.strongd.the strongest16.i bought exercise-books with money.a.a few,a fewb.a few,a littlec.a littleT a fewd.a little,a little17.the box is heavy for the girl carry.a.too,tob.to,tooc.so,thatd.no,to18.do you have to tell u
42、s?a.something newb.new somethingc.anything newd.new anything19.-do you think the fish t ast es?-she cooked it,ithink.a go o cL go o db w ell,go o dc w ell,w ell(1 go o d,w ell2 0.s h e p lay ed t h e p i an o t h an w e h ad t h o u gh t.a.s u cces s fu lb.s u cces s fu llyc.mo r e s u cces s fu ld.
43、mo r e s u cces s fu lly参考答案1-5:acacb 6-1 0：cadab1 1-1 5:ababc 1 6-2 0:bacdd 八年级下册英语语法总结Un i t 6 F u n C y cli n gTo p i cl We,r e go i n g o n a s p r i n g fi eld t r i p一.重点词汇（一）词形转换：1.discuss（名词）discussion 2.queen（对应词）fortable（名词）comfort 4.safely（形容词）safe（名词）safety（二）词的辨析1.find out/look for/find
44、 2.cost/pay for/spend on3.other/else 4.raise/rise5.each/every 6.exciting/excited（三）重点词组：l.go on a visit to 去.旅行2.make the decision 做决定3.bring back 带回4.go on a field trip 去野外旅行5.decide on（upon）s th 对某事做出决定6 see the sunrise 看日出7.make a reservation 预订e up with 想 出（主意）9.look forward to（doing）sth 期望10.pa
45、y fo r支付；赔偿11.raise money 筹钱12.book a ticket 订票13.make a room for sb 为.订房间14.have a wonderful time 玩得愉快15.in the daytime 在白天16.a two-day v is it为期两天的旅行17.find out 查出18.some places of interest 名胜19.rooms with bathtub 带浴室的房间20.a hard(soft)sleeper 硬(软)卧21.my pleasure 不客气二.重点句型及重点语言点1.I have some exciti
46、ng news to tell y o u.我有一，些激动人心的消息要告诉你们。to tell y o u是动词不定式短语，作定语。动词不定式作定语时常放在被修饰的名词或代词之后。如：I have nothing to talkabout.He has a lot of work to do.2.Sounds great!=It sounds g re a t!听起来不错。3.We will go on a two-day visit to Mount T a i.我们将要去泰山玩两天。go on a visit to 去参观/旅游 They went to a visit to Egyptl
47、ast year.类似有：go on a trip/go on a picnica two-day v is it为期两天的旅行a two-month h o lid ay两个月的假期an eighteen-year-old boy 一个 18 岁的男孩4.It，s hard to s a y.这很难说。To s a y是动词不定式作主语，I t是形式主语。如：Its nice to meet you.5.Til ask the airline on the p h o n e.我将打电话问问航空公司。同义句是：Fil phone and ask the airline.6.Bring bac
48、k your information to class tomorrow and welldecide on the best way to go on our field tr ip.明天把你们查到的信息带到班上来，然后我们来决定最好的郊游方式。bring back 带回。Please bring back your library books tomorrow.decide on/upon sth 决定，选定 Were trying to decide on a school.7.1 t，s too far for cycling.骑自行车去路太远了。同义句是：It，too far to
49、cycle there.8.How long does it take to reach Mount Tai b y.?乘.去泰山要花多长时间？9.How much does it cost to go there?去那里要花多少钱？How much does a standard room cost?一个标准间的价格是多少？10.We have tickets at 120 yuan for the hard sleeper and 180 yuan for the soft sleeper.我们的票价是硬卧120元，软卧是180元。a t意为“以”，一般用于表示价格，年龄，速度等词的前面,
50、for 意为“供，适合于“。Ive got tickets at 80 yuan for The Sound of Music.11.IM like to book 20 tickets for the hard sleeper.我要预订20张硬卧票。20 tickets for the hard sleeper二 20 hard sleeper ticketsbook tickets 预订票 book a room for sb/sth 为.预订房间e.g.We want to book some rooms for 14th.我们想预订些14号的房间。12.Please pay for t