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1、考点2 1 完形填空（全国卷专用）（解析版）【命 题 解 读】分析近年的考点分布可以看出：语法填空考察选型词以实词为主，其中名词、动词是考察重点，其次是形容词和副词，词组短语也是常考，A、B、C、D四个选项分布是均等的。第句不设四种询类：名词、动词、形善词和副词在 阅 读 上 的 词 汇 运 用能力英文原版书籍英 加 耐国外网站人与自我人与社会人与自然建 双 通 常）说明文故论文（周你）约250词(240 270)设即现律主JK语境语新类型03能力要求命H特点正确选项分布形式T&：四个选项语法形式一致异：四个选皿义相远个数均等或体均等材科来源解题技巧一.通 谀 全 文，理弊大意二、根*境，初选
2、答案三、M读 全 文，解决难题四、利用蒯律，不留空格雷最常识词语宜现词语同理材料特征/sa蝌BI习惯搭配awaftj2o(i5-3o)1 M皈度上下语境1.通读全文，理解大意。重视首句提示，借助文中关键词,迅速通读全文，抓住主线，理清全文脉络，把握全篇。完形填空解-思路2.瞻前顾后、先易后难，逐级辨析定答案。在把握文章主旨基础上，遵循先易后难的原则，根据不同的语义层次，选出正确答案。先选出那些自己有把握的选项，对少数难题，暂时跳过，或许根据上下文信息提示才能确定答案。3.复读全文，验证答案。将做出的答案带入全文，通读一遍，从词法、语义和固定搭配等方面进一步验证答案，基于对全文更清楚的理解，可以
3、集中解决所遗留的少数疑难问题。巧取语篇层次题语篇层次是最高的考点层次，也是学生拉分题，此类试题需要阅读全篇，站在整个语篇的角度才能选出正确的答案。【技 法1利用首尾呼应关系解题】例 2021 浙江卷节选2I was sent to the Coronado National Forest for my first 8-day 42.We had to 43.carryeverything we needed and walk three miles to where we worked.It may not seem like a 44.kmg waybut in 35 heat and wi
4、th a heavy pack,my legs were on fire.6153.Needless to say,I suffered a lot.But I know whatever 1 have to face in my life I was thereand I 54.survived.I think I am much 55.stronger for having taken part in the project.42.A.tour B.projectC.campaign D.course解题依据：完形填空文章或段落存在首尾呼应的关系，通过结合首段（或首句）和尾段（或尾句）信息
5、，考生可以更好地解答部分题目。分析：本题可以利用首尾呼应解题。根据文章末尾的“the project”可知，本篇文章讲述地是作者某次项目的经历，结合文末信息回到开头题目，可知作者被派去Coronado NationalForest是为了一个8 天的“项目”。技巧点拨：记叙类的完形填空文章往往通过讲述一个故事来传达中心思想或表达立意，作者多采用首尾呼应的文章写法，通过文章结尾处升华主题。因此，考生应学会首尾兼顾，结合文章开头、结尾信息解答题目。【技法2利用文章发展脉络解题】例 2021全国卷乙IJSimply saying thank you doesnt seem enough in cert
6、ain situations.I was considering thiswhile working as a 41.nurse just a few weeks ago.And it came to me then how much easier it wouldbe if we had a range of words that express different 42.grades of gratitude（感谢）.2My thoughts were soon 43.We had a woman patient who was 44.recovering from aknee repla
7、cement operation.One afternoon,while 45.attempting to get into bed she collapsed6到下）from what was 46.eventuaHy discovered to be a heart attack.The collapse was disastrous,47.reauiring the emergency medical team and good teamwork.But she recovered,though48.slowly,and was ready for discharge（出院）after
8、four weeks.43.A.brushed asideB.put to the testC.brought under discussionD.taken into account解题依据:叙事型完形填空文章在行文结构上往往包括开端故事发展高潮结局等不同情节，考生应梳理文章发展脉络，厘清行文结构。分析：本题可以利用文章发展脉络解题。文章首段提出了一个想法：应有不同的词语表达不同程度的感谢，根据下文，作者叙述了一个患者表达感谢的故事。据此推断，作者在首段提出的想法很快经受了检验。be brushed aside被漠视；be put to the test”使受考验,使受检验”;be take
9、n into account”被考虑进去技巧点拨：解题策略遵循发展脉络，合理思考推理，及时调整思路上下求索，捕捉关键信息回头看关注是否与前文呼应，不留遗憾关键点需随机应变，不要一意孤行，更不可胡思乱想芝里总 规避5大易错点智取完形拉分题高考担负着区分考生、选拔人才的功能，因此每篇完形填空中总有23 道较难题目成为考生取得优异成绩的“拦路虎”。导致这些题目失分的原因主要有以下几点：解题信息比较隐蔽；干扰项迷惑性较强；情感态度较难把握；惯性思维所致。针对这些题目，考生除了需要具备扎实的语言功底外，还应谨慎小心应对。本讲总结了解答完形填空的五大易错点，旨在让考生遇到此类题目时不要急于求成，要三思而后
10、判。【易错点1因缺乏全篇关联思维而错选】语篇层次题的解题信息不局限于某一句或某一句群，而是分散在某一段或几段甚至全篇，这就要求考生理解整篇文章，抓住全文的脉络、作者的思想、意图或主人公的心理，然后进行准确的推理、判断，从而做出正确的选择。对于此类题目，一定要坚持这样一个原则不急于解答，读完全文后综合考虑再做判定。例 2021新高考 I 卷 My life as a tax-paying employed person began in middle school,when,for three whole days,I worked in a baking factory.My best fri
11、end Betsys father was a manager at Hough Bakeries,which,at Easter time,41.madelittle bunny（兔子）cakes for all its 42.stores throughout Cleveland.It happened that the plantdowntown needed eight kids for 43 help during our spring break,for which I had no 44.plansbeyond listening to my favorite records.4
12、3.A.generous B.financialC.technical D.temporary分析：本题是典型的语篇层次题，只看题目所在的句子我们是无法确定答案的，此类题目需要综合全篇来找线索。根据上文中的for three whole days”和下文中的“during our spring break可知，这里说的是春假期间，市中心的工厂需要临时找八个孩子来帮忙。generous”慷慨的，大方的“；financial”财务的，金融的“；technical”技术的，专业的“；temporary”临时的，暂时的【易错点2因不能正确区分形近（义近）词而错选】完形填空题选项中经常会出现一些形近词或
13、义近词让考生辨析，因为词形相近或意义相近,无形中增加了难度，如果考生对这些词掌握得不好或不着眼于语篇的意义便很容易选错。例 2021 全国甲卷 I have 55.matured and I admit responsibility for my 56.actions,hesaid in the e to you,57,to apologize for the damage I had 58.indirectly causedand to ask you to 59.reconsider my lifetime ban from the hotel.57.A.hands in pockets
14、B.nose in the airC.hat in hand D.feet on the ground分析：四个备选项在形式上非常相似，基本都是名词+介词+名词的词组，部分考生很容易因混淆而失分。本题可以利用语境暗示分析法解题。根据空后“apologize for the damage”可推测作者的态度是谦卑的，所以选hat in hand恭敬地（乞求或请求）。其他选项不符合语境：hands in pockets双手插兜；nose in the a ir目中无人；feet on the ground脚踏实地。考生如果完全掌握了这四个词组，很容易选出正确选项。【易错点3因词汇理解障碍而错选】在完
15、形填空题的设题上，命题者往往还将一些考生平常容易忽视的词汇设置成选项，从而造成考生错选。对于这些词汇，考生在平时必须高度重视，背熟记熟。例 2021 天津卷 Its a really great 33.experience for kids,“said a neighbor in aninterview with the local newspaper.Pruitt is certainly providing a 34.service,but its not just thebikes.Its the relationships in the community.Its the 35 he
16、can make on people.35.A.compromise B.impressionC.impact D.progress分析：本题考查语境推断。根据全文内容可知，此处表示P ru itt的行为对人们产生的“影响”。本题的选择难度在于A选 项“compromise妥协、，和解”对于同学们而言是一个相对陌生的词汇，一些考生可能因为词汇积累不够，又不能有效地利用上下文中的提示而失分。【易错点4因不明一词多义或熟词生义而错选】在最近几年的高考完形填空中，对于一词多义或熟词生义的考查屡见不鲜，这往往也是考生容易忽视的地方。很多考生由于不懂这些熟词的“新义”而出现思维堵塞，造成了不应有的失分。
17、下面我们选取具有代表性的试题加以分析，以帮助考生熟悉其命题特点，从而跳出命题人设置的词汇“陷阱 例 1 2021 新高考 I 卷 Our 48 in the factory were simple：Place cakes on a movingbelt.Attach icing（糖霜）ears.Apply icing eyes and nose.49.Remove bunny from the belt.48.A.joys B.ideasC.roles D.choices分析：根据下文中的“Place cakes on a moving belt.Attach icing（糖霜）ears.fr
18、om the belt”可知，这里介绍的是作者他们在工厂的具体工作或职责。role除了表示“角色”卜，还可以表示“职责，作用”。例 2 2018浙江高考 One day I 46.met a former classmate of mine who was 47.making alot of money running a sideline（副业）.Since his regular job was 48.boring,I asked him why hejust didnt do his sideline full-time.He said without the job,he would
19、49 have too much timeand would just do what I did back in 50.college.He said that if he 51.quit the job,he would lose his52.drive to work and succeed.49.A.luckily B.hardlyC.hopefully D.simply分析：根据句意可知，他说如果没有那份工作，他确实会有很多时间。simply“确实，简直”。此 处 simply这个词属于熟词生义，我们比较熟悉它的义项是“简单地，简朴地”。由此可知正确选项。【易错点5因惯性思维而错选】
20、在英语学习中，由于种种原因，如考生的母语、知识面、思维习惯等都有可能令考生产生一些思维定式，即不善于思考，考虑问题不全面，导致误解一些题目，从而抑制思维能力的发展。完形填空解题中因惯性思维而失分常有以下两种情况：（1）学习单词时受到的思维定式影响有些考生学习英语单词过于简单化，只记忆中文意思，而不深刻理解实际用法和英汉用法之间的细微差异。例如：表示“成功做某事“，不可以用“succeed to do sth.”来表达。（2）学习词组或习惯用语时受到的思维定式影响例如：学习了 wait for这个词组以后，有的考生在做题过程中只要碰到w ait,后面要接介词时就毫不犹豫地选择foro但在“He
21、stopped his car to wait at the red light.”中就不用for。例 2021 天津卷 For Pruitt,a keen bicyclist,the first thing to do was 19 his stolen b汰 e.But when he went bike shopping,he found few available,which got him thinking:What if the20.lack of bikes was COVID-19 related,and what if the person whod taken his bi
22、ke really needed21.transportation to get to work?19.A.ride B.lockC.repair D.replace分析：考查语境推断。Pruitt作为热衷骑自行车的人，自行车被偷，他首先要做的应该是换一辆自行车，“replace”符合语境。但考生受思维定式影响，可能看到后文的“bike就下意识地以为选择ride a bike这个固定搭配，从而误选A 项。You can tell a lot about a man by how he treats his dogs.For many years,I enjoyed living with my
23、 dogs,Tilly and Chance.Their 41 was nearlyenough to keep my loneliness at bay.Nearly.Last year,I started dating,but with 42.When Ifirst dated Steve,I 43 he had a dog,Molly,and a cat,Flora.While I was 44 that he wasan animal lover,I 45 that three dogs were perhaps too many,and my dogs might attack46,
24、the cat.The next week we 47 our dogs together.It was a hot day.When we paused to catch our48,Steve got down on one knee.Was he proposing（求婚）？I liked him too,but so 49?He poured water from a bottle into his hand and offered it to my dogs.50,I began to fallfor him.We 51 to date,though neither of us br
25、ought up the future.And then in lateNovember,Tilly had an operation on her 52.I took the dogs out four times a day,and IwoiTied that Tilly 53 climbing the stairs could reopen the wound.Then Steve54 his house.All worked 55.The three dogs formed a pack that,withc o a c h i n g,56 Floras space;Steve an
26、d I formed a good team 57 for Tilly.We made good housemates.A year later,much to my 58.this man produced a little box with a ring andproposed to me.He did not kneel（跪）down,nor did I 59 him to.Thafs only for giving60 to the dogs that brought us together.60.D41.A.ownershipB.membershipC.companionshipD.
27、leadership42.A.reservationsB.expectationsC.confidenceD.prejudice43.A.fearedB.doubtedC.hopedD.learned44.A.unsatisfiedB.amusedC.terrifiedD.thrilled45.A.predictedB.worriedC.regrettedD.insisted46.A.FloraB.ChanceC.MollyD.Tilly47.A.tiedB.walkedC.bathedD.fed48.A.breathB.balanceC.attentionD.imagination49.A.
28、calmB.sureC.soonD.real50.A.By the wayB.In that caseC.By all meansD.In thatmoment51.A.continuedB.decidedC.intendedD.pretended52.A.eyeB.tailC.earD.leg53.A.secretlyB.constantlyC.eventuallyD.unwillingly54.A.leftB.soldC.suggestedD.searched55.A.lateB.hardC.fineD.free56.A.emptiedB.respectedC.occupiedD.disc
29、overed57.A.lookingB.caringC.waitingD.calling58.A.delightB.creditC.interestD.disadvantage59.A.begB.trustC.needD.aid60.A.toysB.awardsC.foodD.water【答案】41.C 42.A43.D 44.D 45.B 46.A 47.B48.A 49.C50.D 51.A 52.D53.B 54.C 55.C 56.B 57.B58.A 59.C【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了，作者认为你可以从一个男人对待他的狗的方式来了解他很多，作者多年和两只爱犬生活在一起
30、，去年开始和拥有猫狗的史蒂夫约会，但有所保留，因为一次遛狗时史蒂夫把水给自己的爱犬喝，作者渐渐对史蒂夫产生好感，在之后的接触中，史蒂夫和作者一起照顾作者的爱犬，一年后史蒂夫向作者求婚。4 1 题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：它们的陪伴几乎足以让我远离孤独。A.ownership所有权；B.membership 会员；C.companionship 陪伴；D.leadership 领导。由上文的For many years,Ienjoyed living with my dogs,Tilly and Chance.（多年来，我喜欢和我的狗 Tilly 和 Chance 生活在一起）”可知，作者多
31、年和狗狗生活在一起，可得出狗狗陪伴着作者，让作者远离孤独。故选C 项。【42题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：去年，我开始约会，但有所保留。A.reservations保留；B.expectations期望；C.confidence 信心；D.prejudice 偏见。由下文的He poured water from a bottle into his handand offered it to my dogs.（他把瓶子里的水倒在手里，递给我的狗）和 I began to fall for him（我开始爱上他）”可知，作者是在第二周和史蒂夫一起遛狗时，因为史蒂夫把水给自己的爱犬喝，作者才对史
32、蒂夫产生好感，可得出刚开始约会时，因为不熟悉史蒂夫的品行，作者还是有所保留的。故选A 项。4 3 题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我第一次和史蒂夫约会时，我得知他有一条名叫Molly的狗和一只名叫Flora的猫。A.feared恐惧；B.doubted怀 疑;C.hoped希 望;D.learned得知。由上文的“When I first dated Steve（当我第一次和史蒂夫约会时）”和常识可知，第一次约会会得知对方相关情况，作者从而得知史蒂夫有一只狗和一只猫。故选D 项。【44题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：虽然我很高兴他是一个动物爱好者，但我担心三条狗可能太多了，我 狗可能会攻击
33、猫Flora。A.unsatisfied不满意的；B.amused愉快的；C.terrified害怕的；D.thrilled非常开心的。由下文的he was an animal lover（他是一个动物爱好者）”可知，得知史蒂夫是一个动物爱好者，多年和两只爱犬生活在一起的作者应该是感到愉快高兴。故选D项。4 5 题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：虽然我很高兴他是一个动物爱好者，但我担心三条狗可能太多了，我的狗可能会攻击猫 Flora。A.predicted 预测；B.worried 担 心;C.regretted 后悔；D.insisted坚持。由下文的 athree dogs were per
34、haps too many,and my dogs might attack 6 the cat（三条狗可能太多了，我的狗可能会攻击猫）”可知，作者认为三条狗可能太多了，且自己的狗可能会攻击史蒂夫的猫，针对这种情况，作者是担忧的。故选B 项。4 6 题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：虽然我很高兴他是一个动物爱好者，但我担心三条狗可能太多了，我的狗可能会攻击猫Flora。A.Flora弗洛拉；B.Chance机会；C.Molly莫莉；D.Tilly蒂莉。选项指的是文中动物名词。由上文的“he had a dog,Molly,and a car,Flora（他有一条名叫Molly的狗和一只名叫Flo
35、ra的猫）”可知，此处指作者担心自己的狗可能会攻击史蒂夫的猫Florae故选A 项。【47题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句 意:第 二周，我们一起遛狗。A.tied系；B.walked牵 着（动物）走；C.bathed沐浴；D.fed喂养。由本处的7 our dogs together（一起.我们的狗）”以及下文When we paused 可知，作者和史蒂夫在一起遛狗。故选B 项。【48题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：当我们停下来休息时，史蒂夫单膝跪下。A.breath呼吸：B.balance平衡；C.attention 注意力；D.imagination 想象。由上文的It was a hot
36、 day.When we paused（那是一个炎热的日子。当我们停下）”可知，那天很热，遛狗的二人停下来休息一下，catch onesbreath（休息一下、歇一口气）。故选A 项。【49题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我也喜欢他，但这么快？A.calm冷静的；B.sure确定的；C.soon很快的；D real真正的。由上文的“The next week（第二周）和 Was he proposing（求婚）？（他在求婚吗）”可知，二人才认识两周，作者以为史蒂夫要向自己求婚，认为进展太快了。故选C 项。5 0 题详解】考查介词短语辨析。句意：就在那一刻，我开始爱上他。A.By the wa
37、y顺便说一句；B.In thatcase 那样的话；C.By all means 务必；D.In that moment 那 一 亥 由 上 文 的“He poured water froma bottle into his hand and offered it to my dogs.（他把瓶子里的水倒在手里，递给我的狗）”和下文的“I began to fall for him（我开始爱上他）”可知，就在史蒂夫把水给作者爱犬喝的那一刻，还有所保留的作者卸下心防，对史蒂夫产生好感。故选D 项。【51题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们继续约会，虽然我们都没有提到未来。A.continued继
38、续；B.decided 决定；C.intended 打算；D.pretended 假装。由上文的I began to fall for him（我开始爱上他）”可知，作者对史蒂夫产生好感，可得出二人会继续约会。故选A 项。5 2 题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：11月下旬，Tilly的腿做了一次手术。A.eye眼睛；B.tail尾巴；C.ear 耳朵；D.leg 腿。由下文的I worried that Tilly 13 climbing the stairs could reopen thewound（我担心Tilly爬楼梯会使伤口重新裂开）”可知，作者担心爬楼会影响Tilly的伤口，可得出
39、Tilly的腿做了手术。故选D 项。【53题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：我一天带狗出去四次，我担心Tilly不断地爬楼梯会使伤口重新裂开。A.secretly 秘密地；B.constantly 不断地;C.eventually 最终；D.unwillingly 不情愿地。由上文的I took the dogs out four times a day（我一天带狗出去四次）“可知，作者一天带狗出去四次，可得出狗狗（包括Tilly）要不断地爬楼梯。故选B 项。【54题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：然后史蒂夫离开了他的房子。A.left离开；B.sold卖；C.suggested建议，推荐；D.s
40、earched搜寻。由下文的We made good housemates.（我们是很好的室友）可知，二人成为室友。可以推断出来，因为害怕作者的狗爬楼梯不方便，所以建议作者搬过去一起住。故选C 项。【55题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：一切都很好。A.late晚的；B.hard困难的；C.fine好的；D.free自由的。由下文的The three dogs formed a pack（这三条狗组成了一个团队）”和uSteve and Iformed a good team（史蒂夫和我组成了一个好团队）We made good housemates.（我们是很好的室友）”可知，狗狗相处友好，
41、作者和史蒂夫相处也友好，可得出一切都好。故选C 项。5 6 题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：这三条狗组成了一个团队，在训练下，尊重Flora的空间；史蒂夫和我组成了一个照顾Tilly的好团队。A.emptied清空；B.respected尊重；C.occupied占据；D.discovered发现。由上文的“my dogs might attack 6,the cat（我的狗可能会攻击猫）”和The three dogs formed a pack that,wilh coaching（这三条狗组成了 一个团队，在训练下）”可知，起初作者担心自己的狗会攻击史蒂夫的猫F lora,但作者的狗和史
42、蒂夫的狗相处友好，可得出在训练下，狗不会去攻击猫，结合动物的领地意识可知，此处指狗尊重猫的空间。故选B 项。【57题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：这三条狗组成J一个团队，在训练下，尊重Flora的空间；史蒂夫和我组成了一个照顾 Tilly 的好团队。A.looking#；B.caring 照顾；C.waiting 等 待;D.calling打电话。由上文的“Tilly had an operation（Tilly做了一次手术）”可知,作者的狗Tilly做过手术，史蒂夫和作者一起居住后，和作者一起照顾术后康复的Tilly。故选B 项。【58题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：一年后，令我非常高兴的是
43、，这个男人拿出一个带戒指的小盒子向我求婚。A.delight 高兴；B.credit 信用；C.interest 兴趣；D.disadvantage缺点。由下文的“thisman produced a little box with a ring and proposed to me（这个男人拿出一个带戒指的小盒子向我求婚）”可知，史蒂夫向作者求婚，作者应该是感到高兴。故选A 项。【59题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：他没有跪下，我也不需要他跪下。A.beg乞求；B.trust信任；C.need需要：D.aid帮助。由上文的“He did not kneel（跪）down（他没有跪下）”和常识
44、可知，一 般 求婚是要下跪的，但史蒂夫没有下跪，作者对此并不在意，因为作者不需要他下跪。故选C 项。【60题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：正是给爱犬喝水的举动把我们带到一起。A.toys玩具；B.awards奖励；C.food 食物；D.water 水。由上文的“He poured water from a bottle into his hand and offeredit to my dogs.10,1 began to fall for him.（他把瓶子里的水倒在手里,递给我的狗。我开始爱上他）”可知，就在史蒂夫把水给作者爱犬喝的那一刻，还有所保留的作者卸下心防，对史蒂夫产生好感，所
45、以 是“给爱犬喝水”的举动让二人走到了一起。故选D 项。【真 题2【2022年全国乙卷】Young children across the globe enjoy playing games of hide and seek.For them,theressomething highly exciting about 41 someone elses glance and making oneself unable to beseen.However,we all witness that preschool children are remarkably 42 at hiding.They
46、oftencover only their eyes with their hands,leaving the rest of their bodies 43.For a long time,this ineffective hiding method was 44 as evidence that children arehopelessly“egocentric”（自我中心的）creatures.But our 45 research results in childdevelopmental psychology 46 that idea.We brought young childre
47、n aged 2-4 into our Minds in Development Lab at USC.Each 47sat down with an adult who covered her own eyes or 48.We then asked the child if she could49 or hear the adult.Surprisingly,children replied that they couldnt.The same 50happened when the adult covered her own mouth:51 children said that the
48、y couldnt52 to her.A number of 53 ruled out that the children misunderstood what they were being asked.The results were clear:Our young subjects 54 the questions and knew 55 whatwas asked of them.Their 56 to the questions reflected their true 57 that I can seeyou only if you can see me,too.They simp
49、ly 58 mutual（相互的）recognition and regard.Our 59 suggest when a child“hides“by putting a blanket over her head,it is not a result ofegocentrism.In fact,children consider this method 60 when others use it.41.A.followingB.takingC.escapingD.directing42.A.cleverB.badC.scaredD.quick43.A.exposedB.examinedC.
50、untouchedD.imbalanced44.A.supportedB.guaranteedC.imaginedD.interpreted45.A.disappointingB.mixedC.surprisingD.desired46.A.explainedB.confirmedC.contradictedD.tested47.A.parentB.childC.researcherD.doctor48.A.feetB.noseC.handsD.ears49.A.seeB.helpC.reachD.fool50.A.eventB.thingC.actionD.accident51.A.YetB