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1、考 研 外 语 模 拟 卷 11一、Use of English1、Just how does a person arrive at an idea of the kind ofperson that he is?He develops this(1)of self througha gradual and complicated(2)which continues throughoutlife.The notion is an(3)that one establishes only withthe help of others.(4)the elementary knowledge that
2、 oneis short or tall is a comparative judgment that we cannot make(5)we have the opportunity to(6)_ ourselves withothers.Ones idea of qualities which are harder to(7)is even more dependent upon other peoples ideas.Whether one is intelligent,or stupid;attractive,or ugly;these and many other ideas of
3、the self are(8)from thereactions of people with whom we(9)This process of(1 0)the nature of the self from the reaction of othershas been labeled the Looking-glass Self by Cooley,whocarefully analyzed this psychological(1 1)ofself-discovery.Just as the picture in the mirror gives an image of the phys
4、icalself,(1 2)the perception of the reactions of others givesan image of the social self.We know,(1 3),that we aregood at certain things and not at others.This(1 4)cameto us from the reactions of other persons,first our parentsand then other individuals(15)_ in life.It should beremembered that,as ot
5、her peoples reactions could be(16)and understood in more than one way,the looking-glass self withwhich the individual(1 7)may easily differ from the imageothers have actually formed of his(1 8)Clearly,it is ourperception of the responses of others and not their(19)responses that(2 0)our self-image,a
6、nd these perceptionsare often not accurate.A.consentB.labelC.frameD.concept2、(2)A.modelB.evolutionC.processD.return3、(3)A.illusionB.imageC.incidentD.issue4、(4)A.EvenB.OnlyC.ButD.Hence5、(5)A.untilB.byC.duringD.after6、(6)A.approachB.assessC.compareD.equate7、A.detectB.defineC.demand4 3D.defend8、(8)A.ac
7、hievedB.exertedC.securedD.acquired9、(9)A.interfereB.cooperateC.interactD.comply10、(10)A.exploringB.convictingC.exploitingD.extendingIk(11)A.aspectB.altitudeC.horizonD.scope12、(12)A.whileB.forC.soD.since13、(13)A.in briefB.in effectC.after allD.for example14、(14)A.appendixB.knowledgeC.selectionD.ignor
8、ance15、(15)A.soonerB.laterC.earlierD.former16、(16)A.pursuedB.persisted目 5C.perceivedD.polished17、(17)A.sensesB.meansC.refersD.states18、(18)A.peculiarityB.ambitionC.personalityD.reputation19、(19)A.preciseB.genuineC.originalD.actual20、(20)A.improvesB.shapesC.directsD.guides6二、Reading Comprehension1、Pa
9、rt ADirections:Read the following four texts.Answer the questionsbelow each text by choosing A,B,C or D.(40 points)That low moaning sound in the background just might be theFounding Fathers protesting from beyond the grave.They havebeen doing it when George Bush,at a breakfast of religiousleaders,sc
10、orched the Democrats for failing to mention God intheir platform,and declaimed that a President needs to believein the Almighty.What about the constitutional ban on“religious test(s)“for public office?the Founding Fatherswould want to know.What about Tom Jeffersons conviction thatit is possible for
11、a nonbeliever to be a moral person,“find(ing)incitements to virtue in the comfort and pleasantness you feelin its exercise?Even George Washington must shudder in hissleep to hear the constant emphasis on Judeo-Christian values”.It was he who wrote,“We have abundant reason to rejoice thatin this Land
12、.every person may here worship God according tothe dictates of his own heart”.George Bush should know better than to encourage the theocraticambitions of the Christian right.The wall of separation theFounding Fathers built between church and state is one of thebest defenses freedom has ever had.Or h
13、ave we already forgottenwhy the Founding Fathers put it up?They had seen enoughreligious intolerance in the colonies:Quaker women were burnedat the stake in Puritan Massachusetts;Virginians could bejailed for denying the Bibles authority.No wonder John Adamsonce described the Judeo-Christian traditi
14、on as the mostbloody religion that ever existed”,and that the FoundingFathers took such pains to keep the hand that holds the musketseparate from the one that carries the cross.There was another reason for the separation of church and state,which no amount of pious ranting can expunge:not all theFou
15、nding Fathers believed in the same God,or in any God at all.Jefferson was a renowned doubter,urging his nephew to“question with boldness even the existence of a God”.John Adamswas at least a skeptic,as were of course the revolutionaryfirebrands Tom Paine and Ethan Allen.Naturally,they designeda repu
16、blic in which they themselves would have a place.Yet another reason argues for the separation of church and state.If the Founding Fathers had one overarching aim,it was to limitthe power not of the churches but of the state.They were deeplyconcerned,as Adams wrote,that,government shall be considered
17、as having in it nothing more mysterious or divine than otherarts or sciences”.Surely the Republicans,committed as theyare to“limited government”,ought to honor the secular spiritthat has limited our government from the moment of its birth.What is implied in the first sentence?A.The president confuse
18、d religion with state unwisely.B.The presidents reference to God annoyed the dead.C.The president criticized his opponents for ignorance.D.The presidents standpoint was boldly questioned.2、The separation of religion and state was designed mainly toA.highlight the role of the government.B.pay tribute
19、 to religious leaders.C.limit the command of the government.D.encourage the believers ambitions.3、When mentioning，zQuaker women(Para.2),the author istalking about.A.religious values.B.colonial rebels.C.church reforms.D.wall of separation.4、The author(s attitude toward the Founding Fathers(ideas ison
20、e of.A.utter indifference.B.tactic consent.C.slight contempt.D.strong denial.5、Which of the following is true according to the author?A.The government should bear in mind the intentions of theFounding Fathers,B.Anyone without a religious belief will naturally viewed asan immoral person.C.The governm
21、ent is entitled to more privileges than othersocial institutions.D.Any political leader must get completely free fromreligious doctrines.6、Any normal species would be delighted at the prospect ofcloning.No more nasty surprises like sickle cell or Downsyndrome just batch after hatch of high-grade and
22、,genetically speaking,immortal offspring!But representativesof the human species are responding as if someone had proposedadding Satanism to the grade-school Curriculum.Suddenly,perfectly secular folks are throwing around words like sanctityand retrieving medieval-era arguments against the pride ofs
23、cience.No one has proposed burning him at the stake,but thepoor fellow who induced a human embryo to double itself hasvirtually recanted一 proclaiming his reverence for human lifein a voice,this magazine reported”,choking with emotion”.There is an element of hypocrisy to much of the anti-cloningfuror
24、,or if not hypocrisy,superstition.The fact is we axealready well down the path leading to genetic manipulation ofthe creepiest sort.Life-forms can be patented,which meansthey can be bought and sold and potentially traded on thecommodities markets.Human embryos are life-forms,and thereis nothing to s
25、top anyone from marketing them now,on the sameshelf with the Cabbage Patch dolls.In fact,any culture that encourages in vitro fertilization hasno right to complain about a market in embryos.The assumptionbehind the in vitro industry is that some peoples geneticmaterial is worth more than others and
26、deserves to bereproduced at any expense.Millions of low-income babies dieevery year from preventable ills like dysentery,while heroicefforts go into maintaining yuppie zygotes in test tubes at theunicellular stage.This is the dread“nightmare of eugenicsin familiar,marketplace form一 which involves br
27、eeding thebest-paid instead of the best.Cloning technology is an almostinevitable byproduct of in vitro fertilization.Once you decideto go to the trouble of in vitro,with its potentially hazardousmegadoses of hormones for the female partner and variousindignities for the male,you might as well make
28、a few backupcopies of any viable embryo thats produced.And once youvegot the backup organ copies,why not keep a few in the freezer,in case Junior ever needs a new kidney or cornea?The critics of cloning say we should know what were gettinginto,with all its Orwellian implications.But if we decide too
29、utlaw cloning,we should understand the implications of that.We would be saying in effect that we prefer to leave geneticdestiny to the crap shooting of nature,despite sickle-cellanemia and Tay-Sachs and all the rest,because ultimately wedont trust the market to regulate life itself.And this maybe th
30、e hardest thing of all to acknowledge,that it isn，t somuch 21st century technology we fear,as what will happen tothat technology in the hands of old-fashioned 20th centurycapitalism.We learn from the first paragraph thatA.nonreligious folks received cloning with open arms.B.the scientist was encoura
31、ged to popularize his ideas;C.some people moved strongly against cloning technique.D.a technician was condemned and sentenced to death.7、It is implied in the 3rd paragraph that it i s.A.dishonest to deny some genetic manipulations.B.impractical to change our genetic destiny.C.dangerous to prepare ba
32、ckup copies.D.irrational to oppose financial operations.8、We can learned from the text that cloning techniques would beapplied to.A.family planning.B.marketing strategies.C.preventable diseases.D.organ replacements.9、According to the text,what concerns the author most is thewith respect to cloning t
33、echnique.A.ethicsB.economicsC.geneticsD.mechanics10、The authors attitude towards the prospect of cloning seemsto be that o f.A.opposition.B.suspicion.C.approval.D.indifference.11、Here in the U.S.a project of moving the government a fewhundred miles to the southwest proceeds apace,under thesupervisio
34、n of Senator Robert Byrd of West Virginia.Apart fromthe usual highways and parks,Byrd has taken a special interestin transplanting pieces of federal agencies from metropolitanWashington to his home state.Strangely,Byrd，s little experiment in de-Washingtonizationhas become the focus of outrage among
35、the very people who areotherwise most critical of Washington and its ways.To thesecritics,it is the very symbol of congressional arrogance ofpower,isolation from reality,contempt for the voters,and soon,and demonstrates the need for term limits if not lynching.Consider the good-government advantages
36、 of(lets call it)theByrd Migration.What better way to symbolize an end to the oldways and commitment to reform,than physically moving thegovernment?What better way to break up old bureaucracies thanto uproot and transplant them,files and all?Second,spreading the government around a bit ought to redu
37、cethat self-feeding and self regarding Beltway culture thatWashington-phobes claim to dislike so much.Of course there isa good deal of hypocrisy in this anti-Washington chatter.Muchof it comes from politicians and journalists who have spent mostof their adult 1ives in Washington and wouldn，t care to
38、 liveanywhere else.They are not rushing to West Virginia themselves,except for the occasional quaint rustic weekend.But they cantake comfort that public servants at the Bureau of the PublicDebt,at least,have escaped the perils of inside-the-Be1twayinsularity.Third,is Senator Byrds raw spread-the-wea
39、lth philosophycompletely illegitimate?The Federal Government andgovernment-related private enterprises have made metropolitanWashington one of the richest areas of the country.By contrast,West Virginia is the second poorest state,after Mississippi.The entire countrys taxes support the government.Why
40、shouldn，t more of the country get a piece of it?As privatebusinesses are discovering,the electronic revolution ismaking it less and less necessary for work to be centralizedat headquarters.Theres no reason the government shouldnttake more advantage of this trend as well.It is hardly enough,though,to
41、 expel a few thousand midlevelbureaucrats from the alleged Eden inside the Washington Beltway.Really purging the Washington Culture enough to satisfy itsnoisiest critics will require a mass exodus on the order of whatthe Khmer Rouge instituted when they took over Phnom Penh in1975.Until the very mem
42、bers of the TIME Washington bureauitself are traipsing south along 1-95,their word processorsstrapped to their backs,the nation cannot rest easy.ButAmerica,s would-be Khmer Rouge should give Senator Byrd morecredit for showing the way.According to the text,“a mass exodus(Para.6)most probablymeans.A.
43、removing the central functions of government.B.directing federal spending towards a state.C.shifting businesses to a landlocked state.D.reforming pieces of government agencies.12、Which of the following cannot describe the publics opinionsthe government?A.Egotistic.B.Centralized.C.Illegitimate.D.Bure
44、aucratic.13、It is implied in the 4th paragraph that some politicians andjournalists.A.are entitled to some privileges.B.escape the complexities of life.C.are very doubtful of Byrd，s plans.D.often give their dishonest opinions.14、As used in the text,“the alleged Eden”(Para.6)symbolizesA.paradise.B.is
45、olation.C.noisiness.D.luxuries.15、It can inferred from the text that government bureausA.have often been the target of criticisms.B.have benefited the poor.C.are an inappropriate topic for discussion.D.are quite contemptible.16、It was a fixing sight:there,in the Capitol itself,aU.S.Senator often moc
46、ked for his halting,inarticulatespeaking,reached deep into his Midwestern roots and spokeeloquently,even poetically,about who he was and what hebelieved,stunning politicians and journalists alike.I refer,of course,to Senator Jefferson Smith.In Frank Capra sclassic Mr.Smith Goes to Washington,Jimmy S
47、tewart plays thissimple,idealistic smal1-town American,mocked and scorned bythe big-moneyed,oh-so-sophisticated power elite only totriumph over a corrupt Establishment with his rock-solidgoodness.At root,it is this role that soon-to-be-ex-Senator Bob Dolemost aspires to play:the self effacing,quietl
48、y powerfulsmall-town man from Main Street who outwits the cosmopolitan,slick-talking snob from the fleshpots.And why not?There is,after all,no more enduring American icon.How enduring?Before Americans had a Constitution,ThomasJefferson was arguing that the new nation，s future would dependon a base o
49、f agrarian yeomen free from the vices inherent inbig cities.In 1840 one of the classic,image-drivenpresidential campaigns featured William Henry Harrison as theembodiment of rural virtues,the candidate of the log cabin andhard cider,defeating the incumbent Martin Van Buren,who wasaccused of dandifie
50、d dress and manners.There is,of course,a huge disconnect between this professedlove of the simple,unspoiled life and the way Americansactually live.As a people,Americans have spent the better partof the 20th century deserting the farms and the small towns forthe cities and the suburbs;and are torn b