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1、课程主题：书面表达（一）2023年南京中考英语总复习精美实用教案1.了解中考作文的答题方法；学习目标2.掌握作文思路及常用句型。教学内容【进门测试】翻译下列句子。1.在工作中我们应该尽力避免犯同样的错误。We should try our best not to make the same mistake in our work.2.对于我们而言，学会和他人紧密合作是必要的。It is necessary for us to learn to work closely with others.3.依靠你自己是多么有意义啊！How meaningful it is to depend on yo
2、urself!4.我们应该帮助残疾人而不是仅仅同情他们。We should help disabled people instead of only having pity on them.5.众所周知选择公共交通工具将有助于减少空气污染。It is well known that choosing public transport will help reduce air pollution.6.人类已经意识到保护野生动物的重要性了吗？Have humans realized the importance of protecting wild animals?7.环境污染如此严重，以致导致了
3、各种疾病。The environment pollution was so serious that it led to different kinds of8.我父母对我如此严格，以致我真的感到筋疲力尽。diseasesMy parents are so strict with me that I really fee tired out.9.这本书给我许多关于如何改善我们生活的好建议。This book gives me many suggestions on how to improve our lives.10.应该采取更多的措施来关注每个细节。More action should b
4、e taken to pay attention to every detail.【多元导学】教学建议：通过这幅漫画让学生描述事情的经过并表达对此事的看法，引出本节课主题书面表达。【互动精讲】英语写作的考查内容【知识梳理】英语写作是指导（限制）性的书面表达:即按照题目（或一段文字或几幅图画）所给的条件、内容、要求、时间、地点、在限制的字数（80个词左右）内,去完成写作。它不仅考查了学生的词汇、语法、惯用法等语言知识，还考查学生对文章的构思以及传递信息和解决实际问题的语言交际能力，它能准确全面反映学生的实际语言水平。中考英语写作的评分标准及常见的命题形式【知识梳理】1）英语写作评分标准第 一 档
5、（13-15分）信息完整，表达流畅，无语言错误或基本无语言错误。第 二 档（10-12分）信息基本完整，表达较流畅，有少量语言错误，但不影响意思表达。第 三 档（7-9分）能传达部分信息，表达不够流畅，语言错误较多，但句子基本可读。第 四 档（4-6分）只能传达少量信息，表达不流畅，语言错误多，只有少量句子可读。第 五 档（1-3分）只能传达个别信息，表达不清楚，只有个别句子可读。批注：初中书面表达的评价标准通常要考虑以下六个方面：1.表达内容是否与中文提供的情景一致，是否达意。2.单词拼写是否错误，语法时态及句子结构错误是否影响了内容的准确性。3.扩展部分的逻辑推理是否与所提供的中文情景相关
6、，所用语言是否准确的表达了你的思想。4.能否使用恰当的关联词或者复合句使文段内容完整，逻辑合理，结构正确。5.是否注意了必要的造句技巧,句子开头大写及句尾的标点符号。6.卷面是否整洁。2）常考的中考英语写作命题形式初中英语作文大多考查写人、写事为主的情景作文。提供情景的形式花样繁多，常见的有提纲、图片、表格、关键词或引言等形式。以提纲形式提供情景的作文这种形式本身的要点已经很明确，重点也很突出，只要把各个提纲加以发挥，注意谴词造句的灵活性和语法规则的正确性，就不会造成审题不清而偏离主题，但要注意，文章必须覆盖所提供的各个提纲的要点。【例题精讲】例 1.随着年龄的增长，我们的课外活动领域会扩大，
7、关注点也会增多。你们学校的English Newsletter正在以My After-School Activities为题举行征文活动，请根据下列表格提示的内容，用英语写一篇征文。活 动关注点以 前1.看电视；2.自己。现 在1.和家长交流；2.做志愿者；3家庭.我们在成长，我们应该要求：1）表达清楚，语法正确，上下文连贯；2）必须包括表格中所有的相关信息，并适当发挥;3）词数：100词左右（征文的开头已给出，不计入总词数）；4）不得使用真实姓名、校名和地名等。My After-School ActivitiesAs we grow,both our after-school activit
8、ies and what we care about are becoming more and more.In the past,I _例 2.假设学校戏剧俱乐部正在举办“奥斯卡影片欣赏月”活动，上周播放的影片是 少年派。写一篇80词左右的英文观后感。内容提示如下：1.影片由李安（AngLee）执导，他因此片获最佳导演奖。2.影片讲述了一个名叫派（Pi）的年轻人的故事，他独自乘小船出行；3.他要应付恶劣的天气，还要找到足够的食物，最终安全返回。4.观后感想。注意：1.观后感须包括所给的内容要点，要求语句通顺、意思连贯。2.第 4 要点的内容须用2-3句话展开合理想象，作适当发挥。3.观后感的
9、开头已给出，不计入总词数。以图画形式提供情景的作文：这种形式的作文应以“看”为主，通过细心观察图中的人物、景物、文字、数字等弄清写作的意图;通过分析思考，把握逻辑联系，找出主题并借助所给的文字把图中的信息转化成文章，但要注意，文章不能停留在图画的表面而要表达出提供情景的意图和内涵，即“文在图上，意在话外类似于下面的作文，不仅要将图片中观察到的学生穿红灯、乱穿马路的现象准确描述出来，还需要强调其危害性以及应该如何正确过马路。【例题精讲】例 1.假如这副漫画表现的是你所经历的事情，请根据所给提示描述事情经过并谈谈你的看法。提示词：jaywalk v i.乱闯马路；run the red light
10、闯红灯注意：文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名。词数80100。以关键词形式提供情景的作文：这种形式的作文要以“思”为主，通过已给出的关键字的提示，展开遐想的翅膀，把每个词视为思维链上的轨迹，环环紧扣、节节相连。要注意，“思 要做至 思前顾后，不可胡思乱想，文章既要打破框框和束缚，展得开，又能前后呼应，收得回。要注意关键词并不是文章的提纲，应学会从关键词中寻找文章的纲目，提炼文章的重点，确定笔墨的主次轻重。如下面北京中考卷中的作文给出了多个提示词语，但并非是作文的全部提纲，题目的要求是“描述一个你最喜欢的地方，并请说明原因”。因此还需要抓住重点。【例题精讲】例：上学期间，学校的某些场所一定给你留下了
11、美好的记忆，如教室、阅览室、操场等。某英文报纸正以“MyFavourite Place at School”为题征文，请你投稿。描述一个你最喜欢的地方，并请说明原因。提示词语：classroom,reading-room,playground,bright,quiet,large,help,improve以引言形式提供情景的作文：如“Situation：Your pen pal Alice is an American girl.She has never been to Shanghai.She wants to know whatShanghai is like today?,对于这类形式
12、的作文，首先设想自己要告诉Alice 一些什么内容，然后拟订提纲，再依纲行文，就不会盲目无序地乱写了。为了使文章更精彩、更具灵性，可以加上作者的情感、态度和观点，使文章鲜活起来。英语写作的步骤及技巧【知识梳理】1）写作步骤步骤一：审题审题一定要做到五个方面：一审 主 题（写什么），二审 体 裁（记叙、说明、议论、夹叙夹议），三审时态,四审人称，五审内容要点（一定要在试卷中画出，免得写的时候忘记，导致跑题）步骤二：打草稿中考一定要打草稿，两大优势1 中考不准在试卷更改，涂改带、橡皮、胶条、小刀，而中考时落笔错误是难免的，涂改就会扣卷面分，打草稿就可以避免这个情况了。2 正式写作是对草稿的再梳理，
13、语言的再锤炼。步骤三：正文写作做到两点，一要凝练，二要变化。文章80 100字为宜，一定要注意使用过渡词、从句、50个句型和词组搭配。步骤四：检查英语写作检查的原则：1 内容要点：缺少一个内容要点，文章直接降到第三档。2 语法错误：名词查单复数和冠词问题，动词查时态语态和三单问题。3 变换句式：过于简单的结构要试着变化2）写作技巧把握全篇布局，背诵万能模板中考情景是作文，无论哪种文体，一般都是用三段法来表示。我们管这样的文章叫做Hamburger Writing（汉堡写作）顾名思义，就是无论是记叙文、还是议论文或者夹叙夹议文章，都可以通用。简单解释如下：第一段 开篇背景介绍（时间、地点、人物、
14、事件）或发表观点第二段 故事发展 论据、论点支撑第三段 结局 总结观点针对这种“三段式”作文，可以推荐给学生一些万能模板：a.解决方法题型要求考生列举出解决问题的多种途径1 .问题现状2.怎样解决（解决方案的优缺点）In recent days,we have to face a problem_A,which is becoming more and more serious.First,（说明A 的现状）.Second,（举例进一步说明现状）Face A,we should take action to deal with the situation.For one thing,（解决方法
15、）.Foranother（解决方法二）.Finally,_（解决方法三）.Personally,I believe that_（我的解决方法）.Finally,Fin confident that a brightfuture is waiting for us because（带来的好处）.b.说明利弊题型Nowadays,there is a widespread concern over（the issue that）_作文题目.In fact,there are bothadvantages and disadvantages in _ 题 目 议题.Generally speakin
16、g,it is widely believed there are several positiveaspects as follows.Firstly,_优点一.And secondly_优点二.Just As a popular saying goes,every coin has two sides,讨论议题_ _ _ _ _ _ is no exception,and in anotherword,it still has negative aspects.To begin with,_缺点.In a d d it io n,缺点二.To sum up,we should try to
17、 bring the advantages of_ 讨论议题_ _ _ _ into full play,and reduce the disadvantagesto the minimum at the same time.In that case,we will definitely make a better use of the 讨论议题_ _.c.不同观点列举型（选 择 型）There is a widespread concern over the issue that _作 文 题 目.But it is well known that the opinionconcerning
18、 this hot topic varies from person to person.A majority of people think that _ 观点-一.In theirviews there are 2 factors contributing to this attitude as follows:in the first place,_原因一.Furthermore,inthe second p l a c e,原因二.So it goes without saying that 观点一.People,however,differ in their opinions on
19、this matter.Some people hold the idea that_观点二.Intheir point of view,on the one hand,_原因一.On the other h a n d,原因二.Therefore,thereis no doubt that_观点二.As far as I am concerned,I firmly support the view that _ 观 点 一 或 二.It is not only because,but also be c a us e.The mor e,the mor e.熟记常用过渡语和句型a.过渡语表起
20、始的过渡语:first of all,to begin with,in my opinion,according to,so far,as far as 等;表时间的过渡语：first,at first,then,later,in the end,finally,afterwards,after that,since then,for the first time,atlast,as soon as,the next moment,meanwhile,later on,soon,finally 等；表空间的过渡语：on the right/left,to the right/left of,o
21、n one side of.on the other side of.,at the fbot/top/end of,in the middle/centre of,next to,far from,in front of 等；表因果的过渡语：for,because of,one reason is that.another reason is that.,so,as a result(of)等；表转折的过渡语：but,yet,however,after all,in fact,while,on the contrary,instead of,although,otherwise,after
22、all等；表列举的过渡语：for example,such as,like,in other words,and so on 等；表推进的过渡语：whafs more,on one hand.on the other hand.,in addition to,as well,still,also,in other words,not only.but also.,besides,moreover 等；表总结的过渡语：in short,in a word,in general,in brief,in all,on the whole 等.b.句型万能句：In my opinion,.=To my
23、 mind,.=As far as I am concerned,.With the development of science and technology,.I will work hard to make my dream come true.I hope your dream will come true one day.It takes sb.+时间+to do.sb.spend(某种人称时态)+时间/钱+on sth./(in)doing sth.Its important/necessary.fbr sb.to do.Its time fbr sb.to do sth.Its
24、a waste of time to.Its great fun to do=sb.have great fun doingIts a pity that.Great changes have taken place in.sth is/are well worth doing.It seems/seemed that.It is said that.As the saying goes,.There are many differences between.and.I have made up my mind to.I would rather.than.If we dont.,we wil
25、l.so.that.too.to do.经典名言警句：1.Actions speak louder than words.事实胜于雄辩2.A friend in need is a friend indeed.患难朋友才是真朋友3.A good beginning is half done.良好的开端是成功的一半4.Where there is a will,there is a way.有志者事竟成5.All roads lead to Rom e.条条大道通罗马6.Easier said than done.说起来容易，做起来难7.Easy come,easy g o.来得快，去得快8.E
26、very man has his weak side.人人都有缺点9.Failure is the mother of success.失败是成功之母10.Look before you leap.三思而后行11.Nothing in the world is difficult if you set your mind to i t.世上无难事,只怕有心人12.A life without a friend is a life without a su n.人若无友，就如同生命中没有太阳13.All things are difficult before they are easy.万事开头
27、难14.Always prepare for a rainy day,未雨绸缪15.As you sow,so shall you reap.种瓜得瓜，种豆得豆16.1 might say that success is won by three things:first,effort;second,more effort;third,still more effort.成功要靠三件事才能赢得：努力，努力，再努力17.Don?t put off till tomorrow what should be done today.有事莫推明天18.Practice makes perfect.熟能生
28、巧19.Bad news has wings.好事不出门,坏事传千里20.Honesty is the best policy.做人以诚信为本21.You have to believe in yourself.Thats the secret of success.你必须相信自己，这是成功的关键22.Don*judge a man by his looks.不可以貌取人避免使用自己无把握的词有些同学为了使自己的文章一鸣惊人，不愿意使用熟悉的常用词，而片面追求一些生冷的词汇，这些词他们往往不会用，不知道如何搭配，结果适得其反，使文章显得生硬不协调，甚至错误连篇。如要表达“他没能和朋友联系上“，
29、He failed to keep in touch with his friend,failed表示“没能够”，但有些同学从“文曲星”等工具上查得disenable,其意思为“使不能够”，是不可以代替fa il的。所以在写作时，主动权掌握在自己手中，实事求是地选择自己有把握的词，避免不必要的失分是能够做得到的。注意文采如果学生有时间和精力，想把书面表达写得更好，那么，还可注意以下几点:(1)句型多样化，不 要I(We).到底，使人觉得乏味。(2)适当使用一些并列句或主从复合句。(3)进一步描绘人或事物时,适当使用定语从句。(4)适当使用分词或分词短语，烘托谓语动词。(5)偶尔使用一下倒装句，
30、增加新鲜感。(6)适当调换一下状语在句子中的位置，使句子不雷同。(7)上下句子紧接时，其中完全相同的成分可以省略,以节省篇幅。注意语法、句法知识的灵活运用1)语态、时态要准确无误。2)主谓语要一致，主语的人称和数要和谓语一致。3)注意人称代词的宾格形式。4)注意冠词用法，例如：He is an honest student.中的an不能写成a。5)注意拼写、标点符号和大小写书写工整，卷面整洁字迹要清晰，让阅卷人看得清楚，不可字迹潦草，难以辨认,要保持卷面的整洁。写完之后，勿忘检查中考作文评卷是根据要点、语言准确性、上下文的连贯性来给分，根据错误多少来扣分。因此，中考时花几分钟时间用来检查错误显
31、得尤为重要。检查错误应从以下几个方面入手：(1)格式是否有错。(2)拼写有无错误。语言是否用错。(4)时态、语态错误。(5)标点错误。(6)人称是否用错。【注意】此时不宜在卷面上作较大的改动,以免顾此失彼，影响全局。【例题精讲】例 1.短文改错（有一处是正确的）Have you ever wanted to write a song?Two Sister.1.Mildred and Patty Hill,once write a little song.2.It was a happily song that they loved to sing.It 3.was calling Good M
32、orning to You.However,most 4.other people didnt know the song very well.A day,Mildred and Patty had a idea.It turned out（证明）lo bea very bad idea.They changed the words of the song.Theycalled the new song Happy Birthday to You.Theirs shortbirthday song is now very famous.Almost every body knowthe wor
33、ds,Did anyone sing it at your last birthday party?5._6._7._8._9._10._Keys：1.sisters 2.wrote 3.happy 4.called S.One 6.an 7.good8.Their9.knows 10&例 2.短文改错（有一处是正确的）Most families in China hoped their single children will1._have a happy future,so they are very strict in their children.2._So do teachers i
34、n schools!Many children are given so much3._homework that they have hardly any spare time have sports.4._The children are forbidden to do anything but to study.No5._wonder so many children are tired of lessons.Some even6.attack or kill his parents and teachers!I believe many7._people already read th
35、is kind of news in newspapers or magazines.8._-Shouldnt we draw a lessons from the accidents?Now our9._government is making out a plan to solve the education problems.10._Keys:1.hoped*hope 2.in with 3.do are 4.have sports 前加 to 5.去掉第二个 to6.4 7.hitheir 8.alreadv 前 力 口 have 9.lessons lesson 10.making-
36、carrying【课堂检测】假如你的笔友John将作为交换生在中国家庭生活一周，他写了一封e-mail向你求助。请根据邮件内容写封回信。Dear Li Hua,I will come to Nanjing in July and stay with a Chinese family for a week as an exchange student,lb get along well with my host family should I prepare any gifts?How can I help with the housework?What else should I do?Ple
37、ase write back soon.burs,John注意:1.文中不得出现你的真实姓名和学校名称；2.语言通顺，意思连贯，条理清楚，书写规范；3.词 数 8 0 左右，邮件的开头和结尾已经给出，不计入总词数。Dear John,Im glad you will come to China.I hope you will enjoy your stay in China.Y)urs,Li Hua【答案】Dear John,Im glad you will come to China.We Chinese people are kind and friendly.You don*t need
38、 to worry aboutit.If possible,you can prepare a small gift,like a key ring or a hat with the symbols of your country.Its notnecessary to buy anything expensive.Also,you can help with some housework,such as washing the dishes,making the bed.The family members will be very grateful for that.In additio
39、n,I suggest you learn a little Chinese that means Nice to meet you,Thank you and so on,which may play a useful role during your stay.Whats more,read some books about Chinese customs beforecoming here.Try not to make any misunderstandings.I hope you will enjoy your stay in China.Yours,Li Hua假设你是Sunsh
40、ine Middle School的 A ndy,你校最近开办了一个“英语角”，你想邀请你班上的澳洲交换生Peter参加，请你结合下列的海报，写一封邮件给他。注意:COME 70 OURENGLISH CORNER!Time:3:30 p.m.-4:30 p.m.every Wednesday&FridayPlace:Room 203 in Boai BuildingGames,music and movies are waiting!Come and join us into a world of fun and friendship!Lets talk about and talk IN
41、English!1.覆盖海报要点，要写出参加的理由，可适当发挥。2.字数80词左右，邮件的开头与结尾已经给出，不计入字数。3.邮件中不得出现有关考生个人身份的任何信息，如班级名、人名等。Dear Peter,Would you like to come to the newly-opened English corner with me?Looking forward to your reply.Yours,Andy【答案】Dear Peter,Would like to come to the newly-opened English corner with me?The English c
42、orner is in Room 203 in the Art Building.It will be open from 3:30 to 4:30 p.m.everyWednesday and Friday.We can talk about many interesting things in English.Of course,we can talk aboutlearning English.It will be a good chance for us to share our love for English.At the same time,we can make friends
43、 withstudents who have similar interests.I think many students will be waiting to communicate with there.Please reply soon.I am looking forward to going there with you and I am sure we will have great funtogether.Looking forward to your reply.Yours,Andy【解析】本题借着“英语角”这一活动，让学生邀请班上的澳洲交换生Peter参加。在写作的过程中要
44、注意覆盖海报要点，要写出参加的理由。要注意对理由进行适当的发挥，写作过程中要注意词组和句型的运用。【要点回顾】文字信息 连以词及点 单词拼写表格、图 连词成句 大小写标信息 连句成文 标点符号【温故知新】课后巩固假如你是Li M ing,请用英语给笔友Ben回复邮件。注意：Hey Li Ming,I will move to your community and stay for two months.I want to know something about yourcommunity.What is your community like?What activities do you u
45、sually have?How can I get alongwith your neighbors?Write soon!Yours,BenL文中不得出现你的真实姓名和学校名称；2.语言通顺，意思连贯，条理清楚，书写规范；3.词数80左右，邮件的开头与结尾已经给出，不计入总词数。Dear Ben,fm very glad to know that you will come to our community.Yours,Li Ming答案：Dear Ben,V m very glad to know that you will come to our community.My communi
46、ty is in the northern part ofthe city.Its not a big one,but its quite beautiful.You can see a garden with different flowers when enteringit.You can breathe fresh air every morning because of many trees in it.Besides,we also have different activities.For example,people in Helping Hand Club always do
47、someshopping for the old who live alone.Every weekend,college students always help us with our homework.All the people in our community are kind and easy to get on with.Youd better say“Hello”to greet them.If you bump into someone,it will be polite to say“sorry”.Thats all about our community.I hope you will have a good time here.Yours,Li Ming预习思考看到这幅图你有什么感想呢？请用一句话表达你的观点。批注：让学生通过观察图片表达自己的观点，预习下次课的作文话题。