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1、专题1 1主从复合句命题方向重要指数考向一宾语从句 （必考点）考向二状语从句 （必考点）考向三定语从句 （必考点）考向一宾语从句:例 1|（2022 江苏无锡中考真题）（宾语从句的语序）一 There will be a robot on show in our school next week.Really?I wo n d e r.A.what it likes B.what it is like C.what does it like D.what is it like【答案】B【详解】句意：下周将有一个机器人在我们学校展出。真的？我想知道它是什么样的。考查宾语从句。此句是宾语从句，从句
2、用陈述语序，排除选项C、D；根据“There will be a robot on show inour school next week.“可知，询问机器人是什么样子，故选B。例（2022 江苏无锡中考真题（宾语从句的时态）The chief engineer announced that they a spacelab on the space station around the end of 2022.A.have built B.had built C.will build D.would build【答案】D【详解】句意：总工程师宣布，他们将于2022年底左右在空间站建造个空间实验
3、室。考查动词时态。根据The chief engineer announced that”可知，thal后为宾语从句，主句为一般过去时，从句为过去的某种时态，结合从句时间状语“around the end of 2022”可知，此处使用过去将来时，would+动词原形。故选D。瓯（2022江苏盐城 中考真题）（宾语从句的引导词）Can you tell me?Never spend too much time on screen.A.how we can have bright eyes B.why we should protect our eyesC.where we can see an
4、 eye doctor D.when we should do eye exercises【答案】A【详解】句意：你能告诉我怎样才能拥有明亮的眼睛吗？不要花太多时间在屏幕上。考查宾语从句的引导词。how如 何,怎 样;why为什么;where哪里；when什么时候。根据Never spendtoo much time on screen”可推测出,在询问如何才能拥有明亮的眼镜,“如何,怎样”,此时应用关系副词how引导宾语从句。故选A。厚命题密海宾语从句用法详解：宾语从句是在主从复合句中作主句的宾语的句子。如Rose said she would visit us sometime nexl
5、week.露丝说她下星期某时会来看我们。II主句 从 句（宾语从句）Could you tell me where he is from?你能告诉我他来自哪里吗？II主句 从 句（宾语从句）考 点 h引导词的选用（1）.陈述句的引导词用th a t,常可省略。I am going to meet my net friends in Guangzhou.He said.He said that he was going to meet his net friends in Guangzhou.他说他将要在广州见他的网友。（2）.一般疑问句的引导词用if/whether（是否）。（后有or、or
6、not时只用whether）Would you like to play basketball with me?He asked me.-*He asked me if/whether I liked to play basketball with him.他问我是否会和他去打篮球。Is it a fast train or a slowly one?I wanted to know.f I wanted to know whether it was a fast train or a slowly one.我想知道这是快车还是慢车。（3）.特殊疑问句的引导词用特殊疑问词。How old ar
7、e you?They want to know.They want to know how old you are.他们想知道你多大年纪了。What are you going to do this afternoon?He asked me.f He asked me what I was going to do this afternoon.他问我今天下午要做什么。考点2：语序（宾语从句中从句要用陈述句语序，即从句中的第1动词在主语之后）He asked Jane:Why dont you come”?疑问语序（第 1动词dont在主语you之前）He asked Jane why she
8、 didnt come last n ig h t.他 问 简 恩 为 什 么 昨 晚 她 不 来。陈述语序（第1动词didn,t在主语you之后）Lucy wanted to know if I could make a cake for you.露丝想知道我是否会为你做个蛋糕。特殊：.WhaJs wrong with在宾语从句中不变语序。如：I want to know whats wrong with you.我想知道你怎么啦。.引导词在从句中做主语时，语序不变。如：Jack asked me who would give us the lecture this afternoon.杰克
9、问我谁今天下午会给我们做报告。（who是引导词，在宾语从句中作动词would give的主语，本身己是陈述语序，不需再变。）考点3：时态口诀：主现从实，主过从过，真理除外（1）.主句是现在时（一般现在时，一般将来时，现在进行时，现在完成时），从句该用什么时态就用什么时态。“John speaks highly of you.Tom tells me.f Tom tells me that John speaks highly of m e.汤姆告诉我约翰高度评价我。（主句用tells,是一般现在时，从句原时态是speaks,在这里还是用speaks）（2）.主句是过去时（一般过去时，过去进行时
10、），从句只用过去某种相应时态。“When shall we have the meeting?The boy asked.f The boy asked when they should have the meeting.男孩问他们应该什么时候开会。（主句用asked,是一般过去时，从句用相应的某种过去时，这里shallf should）（3）.从句表示客观真理或事实时，主句即使用过去时，从句仍然用一般现在时。“The earth goes around the sun.The teacher told the students.-*The teacher told the students
11、that the earth goes around the sun.老师告诉学生们地球绕着太阳走。（主句用told,为一般过去时，但从句中the earth goes around the sun是客观事实，所以时态还用一，般现在时，不用变）Jim asked me whether the light travels faster than the sound.考点4.宾语从句的注意问题（1）宾语从句与简单句的转换：当宾语从句的主语与主句的主语相同时，从句可以简化为“疑问词+不定式”结构。如：I dont know what I should do next.=1 don?t know wh
12、at to do next.我不知道接下来要做什么。（2）宾 语 从 句 的 否 定 转 移：如 果 主 句 谓 语 动 词think,suppose，believe等后接宾语从句，且主句的主语是第一人称，变否定句时应否定主句。如：I dont think you are rig h t.我认为你不对。【变式 1】（2022江苏省淮阴中学开明分校二模）一Remember Vivien?She is still in good shape and lookseven younger.一Oh,really?I havent seen her fbr nearly ten years.Could y
13、ou tell me?A.when she would come back B.that she has got marriedC.how can she manage to do that D.where she has been these years【答案】D【详解】句意：记得薇薇安吗？她仍然保持良好的身材，看起来更年轻。哦，真的吗？我已经近十年没见到她了。你能告诉我这些年她在哪里吗？考查宾语从句。宾语从句三要素：语序，时态，引导词，宾语从句要用陈述句语序，选项C 语序不正确，排除。Could在这表示委婉语气，不是过去式，排除A；选项B 的引导词不用th a t,应该用if/whethe
14、r引导，排除。故选D。【变式2（2022江苏 无锡外国语学校二模）Could you please let me know?A.how you call the food B.whafs the matter with the little boyC.how long he has got married D.whats the purpose to carry out this project【答案】B【详解】句意：你能告诉我这个小男孩怎么了吗？考查宾语从句。宾语从句三要素：语序，时态，引导词，宾语从句要用陈述句语序。选项D 为疑问句语序，排除。选项C 应改为how long he has
15、been m arried,因为got married是短暂性动词，不能跟一段时间连用，排除。选项A 的引导词应改为what；此题考查特殊句型“What is the matter with sb.?”,表示“某人怎么了？“，该问句在宾语从句中不用改变语序。故选B。【变式3】（2022 江苏连云港市新海初级中学三模）一The book Gulliver in Liliput is very exciting.Really?Can you tell me?A.where can I borrow it B.when did the author write itC.how long I can
16、keep it D.that I can borrow it【答案】C【详解】句 意:格列佛在小人国这本书是非常令人激动的。真的吗？你能告诉我我能借它多久吗？考查宾语从句及其语序。根据Can you tell me”可知此处应填宾语从句，其语序应为陈述句语序，而由“thatI can borrow it”可知意义表达不完整，故选C。【变式4 （2022江苏 扬州中学教育集团树人学校三模）一 I am w o n d e r i n g.一 Oh,it was built to transport foods and goods from south to north in past dynas
17、ties.A.why people built the Grand Canal B.how people built the Grand CanalC.what people built the Grand Canal with D.when people built the Grand Canal【答案】A【详解】句 意:我想知道人们为什么要修建大运河。哦，在过去的朝代，它是用来从南到北运输食物和货物的。考查宾语从句。根据“I am wondering”可知，该句是含有宾语从句的复合句；再根据it was built totransport foods and goods from sout
18、h to north in past dynasties”可推知，此处是问修建大运河的原因，用 why引导宾语从句。故选A。【变式 5（2022江苏连云港外国语学校二模）I have some tickets for the football match.I called my friendsto see.A.how much should I pay for them B.who wants to go with meC.whether theyd like to go D.how did they go with me【答案】C【详解】句意：我有几张足球比赛的票。我打电话给我的朋友们看他们
19、是否愿意去。考查宾语从句。分析选项可知是动词“see”的宾语从句，宾语从句需用陈述语序，排除A 和 D 选项；主句“Icalled my fHends to see”是一般过去时，因此从句需用相应过去的时态，B 选项是一般现在时，排除。故选Co【变式 6】（2022 江苏扬州市江都区第三中学二模）一Jim,is there anything else you want to know aboutChina?一Yes,I am still w o n d e r i n g.A.that the Forbidden City is well worth a visitB.whether do C
20、hinese people put up spring coupletsC.do Chinese people eat mooncakes on Mid-autumn FestivalD.how Chinese people greet each other when they meet【答案】D【详解】句意：吉姆，关于中国你还有什么想了解的吗？一是的，我想知道中国人见面是怎样打招呼的。考查宾语从句。宾语从句要用陈述语序，故可排除B 和 C。根据“wondering”可知，该宾语从句应该是问句，A 选项引导词为th a t,是陈述句句意，故可排除A。故选D。【变式 7（2022江苏东台市实验中
21、学三模）一Lets take a trip to Dongtai Huanghai Forest Park after theexamination.That sounds great!But I wonde r.A.when and where shall we meet B.that well go there by bus or by trainC.if it will be rainy that day D.how shall we get ready for it【答案】C【详解】句意：考试结束后，我们去东台黄海森林公园旅行吧。听起来不错！但我想知道那天是否会下雨。考查宾语从句。句子
22、是宾语从句，用陈述语序，排除AD：根据“1 wonder.”可知从句不用that引导，排除B o 故选C。【变式 8】（2022 江苏盐城市初级中学三模）I think it difficult to write the book report in two days.I reallydont know.A.who I can ask for help B.when I would finish itC.how can I do it D.that I can finish it【答案】A【详解】句意：我认为在两天内写读书报告很难。我真的不知道我可以向谁求助。考查宾语从句。根据I think
23、it difficult to write the book report in two days.I really dont know”可知，know后此处为宾语从句，需要使用陈述句语序，排除C；结合主句可知，此处从句表示疑问，排除D；题干已经知道完成的时间“in two days，故排除B。故选A。【变式9（2022江苏常州市武进区星辰实验学校二模）一More and more people are crazy about the gameTravel Frog.I guess it has something to do wi t h.A.how much do people like
24、travelling B.how lonely people are in their real lifeC.where did people go in the game D.how people will do with the frogs problems【答案】B【详解】句意：-越来越多的人痴迷于“旅行青蛙”游戏。我想这与人们在现实生活中很孤独有关。考查宾语从句。宾语从句用陈述语序，排除A 和 C；根据“More and more people are crazy about the gameThn/RBvg.”可知，痴迷于这个游戏是由于人们很孤独。故选B。【变式 10（2022江苏徐
25、州市树人初级中学二模）一I want to take a course in summer camp.Could you tellme?You,ll stay with a family in a village and experience their daily life.A.when I should pay for the course B.where I will take itC.what the best part of the course is D.how long will I stay in the village【答案】C【详解】句意：我想参加夏令营的课程。你能告诉我这
26、门课最好的部分是什么吗？你将住在一个村庄的一户人家里，体验他们的日常生活。考查宾语从句。宾语从句使用陈述语序，排除D；根据“Youll stay with a family in a village and experiencetheir daily life.”可知，此处询问具体的课程内容是什么，使用what。故选C。【变式 11（2022江苏盐城市盐都区实验初中一模）一Yanlong Sports Park is a good place to have fun.Couldyou please tell me?You can take the SRT l.Its 20 minutes5 r
27、ide.A.how far is the park from here B.how I can get to the parkC.how soon the bus is coming D.how long does it take to get there【答案】B【详解】句意：延龙体育公园是一个玩的好地方。你能告诉我怎么去公园吗？你可以乘坐SRT lo 20分钟的车程。考查宾语从句。此处是宾语从句，需用陈述语序，排除AD；根据答语“You can take the SRT1 Ms 20minutes ride.“可知，询问方式。故选B。【变式 12（2022 江苏射阳县第三中学一模）一How
28、 was your winter holiday,Mike?一Not bad.What about you?Could you tell me?A.what place you have gone to B.if you watched the 24th Winter Olympic GamesC.who did you spend the holiday with D.that you watched a football match【答案】B【详解】句意：M ike,你的国庆节假期过得怎么样？还不错。你呢？你能告诉我你去过什么地方吗？考查宾语从句。分析句子可知本句考查宾语从句的用法。在宾语
29、从句中所使用的语序应该是陈述句语序，选项C 是疑问句语序，不符合，排除；根据语境可知Mike已经回来/,所以排除选项A；选项D 不符合语境要求。故选及【变式 13（2022 江苏射阳县第三中学一模）Parents can get to know their children really want bycommunicating with them patiently.A.whether B.what C.how D.why【答案】B【详解】句意：父母可以通过耐心地与孩子沟通来了解他们真正想要的是什么。考查宾语从句连接词。whether是否；what什么；how怎样；why为什么。根据Pare
30、nts can get to know”可知，“know”后面的句子为宾语从句；再根据their children really want”可知，从句缺少宾语；结合选项，应用连接词w hato故选Bo【变式 14（2022江苏宿迁三模）一Did you have a good time in Kunming?一Yes,you can see my photos on my Wechat Moments.They show you.A.how did we go thereB.where we will go C.when did we meet D.what the trip was like
31、【答案】D【详解】句意：你在昆明玩得开心吗？是的，你可以在我的朋友圈看到我的照片。它们告诉你旅行是什么样的。考查宾语从句。show后缺少直接宾语，用宾语从句，宾语从句用陈述语序，排除AC；主现从不限，再由“Did you have a good time in Kunming?”可知旅行是在过去，排 除 B o 故选D。【变 式 1 5（2022江苏南通模拟预测）一Have you d e c i d e d?一Yes.I will go there in August.A.how you will go to Beijing this summer holidayB.when you wou
32、ld go to Beijing with your parentsC.who you will go to Beijing with this summer holidayD.when you will go to Beijing for a visit with your parents【答案】D【详解】句意：你已经决定何时和你父母去北京参观了吗？是的。我八月份将去那里。考查宾语从句。选项A 询问的是方式；选项B 询问的是时间（过去时态）；选项C 询问的是人；选项D 询问的是时间（将来时态）。根据w ill g。there in August”可知，问句是在询问时间，且时态应为-一般将来时
33、。故选D。【变式 16（2022江苏宿迁三模）一What did your son say to you just now?He asked meA.why the Earth moved around the SunB.how the life will be like in 500 yearsC.when would we go to a foreign country for a holidayD.if he could play computer games after finishing homework【答案】D【详解】句意：你儿子刚才跟你说什么了？他问我他做完作业后是否可以玩电脑
34、游戏。考查宾语从句。该句是宾语从句，主句是一般过去时，从句也应该使用过去时，排除B；选项A 描述一种客观现象，应该使用一般现在时，排除A；宾语从句语序是陈述语序，排除选项C,故选D。【变式 17（2022江苏常州二模）The old man doesnt know if his daughter to see him if shefree this Sunday.A.will come;will be B.comes;is C.will come;is D.comes;will be【答案】C【详解】句意：这位老人不知道如果他的女儿这个星期天有空的话，她是否会来看他。考查时态。根据句子结构，第
35、一个if引导宾语从句，根据“t。see him”可知，不知道将来是否会看望他，第一空使用般将来时：第二个if引导条件状语从句，故应遵循“主将从现 原则，即主句用将来时，从句用一般现在时，第二空应用一般现在时。故选C。考向二状语从句|例 （2022江苏扬州中考真题）（时间状语从句）astronauts go on spacewalks,they wear spacesuitsto keep themselves safe.A.Though B.Till C.When D.Unless【答案】C【详解】句意：当宇航员进行太空行走时，他们会穿着宇航服来保护自己的安全。考查连词辨析。Though 虽然
36、；Till 直 到;When 当.时候；Unless 除非。根据“astronauts go on spacewalks,they wear spacesuits to keep themselves safe”可知当宇航员太空行走时，他们会穿宇航服，用 when引导时间状语从句。故选C。例 2|（2022 江苏盐城中考真题）（条件状语从句）Well have a picnic in the park this Sunday thereis a heavy rain.A.whether B.unless C.since D.because【答案】B【详解】句意：除非下大雨，否则这个星期天我们将
37、在公园野餐。考查连词辨析。whether 是否；unless 除非；since 自从：because 因为。根据Well have a picnic in the parkthis Sunday.there is a heavy rain.”可知,除非下雨，否则就回去野餐,故选B。帆（2022江苏徐州中考真题）（让步状语从句）Dad sometimes goes to the supermarket with ushe hates going shopping.A.because B.so C.though D.if【答案】C【详解】句意：爸爸有时会和我们一起去超市，虽然他讨厌购物。考查连词辨
38、析。because 因为；so 因此；though 尽管；if 如果。根据“Dad sometimes goes to the supermarketwith us he hates going shopping.“可知，尽管讨厌购物，还是和我们去超市，用 though 尽管”，引导让步状语从句。故选C。帆 4|（2022江苏淮安中考真题）（原因状语从句）We would like to buy electric cars they produceless air pollution.A.because B.so C.though D.but【答案】A【详解】句意：我们想买电动汽车，因为它们产
39、生的空气污染更少。考查连词辨析。because因为；so因此；though尽管；but但是。上文“想买电动汽车”和下文“电动汽车产生较少空气污染”之间是因果关系，前者是结果，后者表原因，故用because连接。故选A。忸I 5|（2021江苏宿迁中考真题）（目的状语从句）Mary shut the window just now she could keepthe insects out.A.so that B.when C.till D.after【答案】A【详解】句意：玛丽刚才关上了窗户，以便把昆虫挡在外面。考查连词。so that为了;when当.时；till直到；after在.之后；根
40、据空格前后句可知,关窗户的目的是挡住昆虫，此处应用s。that引导目的状语从句，故选A。制,（2022江苏宿迁中考真题）（结果状语从句）Yesterday,Lin Tao speech on how to be a good volunteerwas wonderful that we couldnt stop cheering for him.A.soB.veryC.tooD.quite【答案】A【详解】句意：昨天，林涛关于如何做好志愿者的演讲精彩到让我们忍不住为他欢呼。考查副词辨析。so如此，修饰形容词或副词；very非常；to。太：quite相当。根据wonderftil that we
41、couldnt stop cheering tbr him”可知此处是“so+M/./“4v.that.”引导的结果状语从句，表示“如此.以致于”。故选A。厚命题内限状语从句常见的状语从句可分为：时间、条件、地点、原因、方式、让步、比较、结果、目的等从句，由不同的引导词引导。考点一：时间状语从句引导词用法例句whenw hen引导的时间状语从句中既可接延续性动词，也可接非延续性动词，多用一般过去时They were talking happily when I walked past the door.当我从门前走过，他们正在开心地聊天。whilew hile强调主句和从句动作同时发生，所引导
42、的时间状语从句只能用延续性动词，多用进行时态。My mother was cooking while I was doing myhomework.当妈妈在做饭的时候，我在做作业。not.until主句的谓语动词为非延续性动词，主句要用否定式，从句用肯定式。The bus wont start until everybody gets on.公共汽车直到每个人都上车才会发动。since主句谓语动词-一 般用现在完成时，从句谓语动词一般用一般过去时。Five yeas has passed since we saw each other last time.距离我们上次见面已经五年过去了。bef
43、orebefore引导的从句表示主句的动作发生在从句动作之前。We turned off the light before we left.我们在离开前关了灯。afterafter引导的从句表示主句的动作发生在从句动作之后。He went to bed after he finished his work.他做完工作后就去睡觉了。as soon as若主句为一般将来时，从句常用一般现在时表将来。I will tell him the news as soon as I see him.我一看见他，就会告诉他这个消息。考点二：条件状语从句条件状语从句的引导词主要有if和 unless,两者可转换
44、。在 条 件 状 语 从 句 中，从 句 常 用 一 般 现 在 时 表 将 来，即 主 将 从 现。如：You will fail the exam if you dont work hard.=You will fail the exam unless you work hard.如果不努力学习，你考试会不及格的。考点三：原因状语从句原因状语从句的引导词有because,since,as等。注意：1.because和 so不能同时使用。如：He didnt come to school yesterday because he was ill.他昨天没来上学，因为他生病 了。2.since
45、引导原因状语从句表示显然的或已为人知的理由，表示“因为，既然”如：since everyone is here,lefs start.既然大家都到期了,我们就开始吧。考点四：让步状语从句让步状语从句的引导词有though/although,even though/if等。注意：though/although 与 but不能同时出现在个句子里c如：Though he is in poor health,he works hard.虽然他身体不好，但是他工作很努力。考点五：结果状语从句结果状语从句的引导词有so/such.that.等。(1)区分两种句式：so+adj./adv.+that.suc
46、h+(a/an)+4.+.+that 如：Tom is so clever that he learns Chinese well.=Tom is such a clever boy that he learns Chinese well.汤姆如此聪明，语文学得很好。(2)注意：当名词前有much,many,little,few等词修饰时,只能用so。如：You cant spend so much time on computer games.你不能花这么多时间在网络游戏上。考点六：目的状语从句目的状语从句的引导词有so that,in order that等。如：He stood up s
47、o that/in order that he could see the blackboard clearly.他站起来，以便能清楚地看到黑板。注意：目的状语从句中一般都含有表示可能性的词语，如 811人亚川,亚0111(1,11等0勤陋就硼演【变 式 1 (2022江苏 无锡外国语学校二模)一Why did he look so sad?His friend told him that it would be quite a long time they had a chance to get together again.A.after B.before C.since D.when【答
48、案】B【详解】句意：他为什么看起来这么伤心？他的朋友告诉他，他们要过很长时间才能有机会再次相聚。考查连词辨析。after在.之 后;before在.之前；since自从；when当。根据“His fiiend told him that itwould be quite a long time.they had a chance to get together again.可知在他们再次见面之前还有很长时间,用 before引导时间状语从句。故选B。【变式 2（2022江苏宿迁三模）Its a pity that smokers wont realize the importance of h
49、ealth theylose it.A.before B.until C.since D.if【答案】B【详解】句意：非常遗憾，吸烟的人一直到失去健康才意识到健康的重要性。考查连词辨析。before在之前；until直到；since自从；if如果；根据语境可知，吸烟者没有意识到吸烟的重要性，直到 他们失去健康。until符合语境。故选B。【变式3】（2022江苏省锡山高级中学实验学校三模）Love your parents they are alive.Never waituntil it is too late.A.though B.because C.while D.until【答案】C【
50、详解】句意：在父母活着的时候爱他们。永远不要等到为时已晚。考查连词辨析。though 虽 然;because 因为；while 当.时;until 直到。根据“Love your parents they arealive.Never wait until it is too late.”可知，此处指在父母活着的时候爱他们，使用while引导时间状语从句。故选C。【变式 4（2022江苏连云港外国语学校二模）The students in our school to enter the school if theirtemperature is above 37.3.A.dont allow