2023年中考总复习真题探究与变式训练06形容词和副词(江苏)(解析版).pdf

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1、专题0 6形容词和副词命题方向重要指数考向一形容词和副词的基本用法(必考点)考向二形容词和副词的词义辨析 (常考点)考向三形容词和副词的原级、比较级和最高级姿 (重难点)考向一形容词和副词的基本用法0意 题 麴 究 例 1|(2019江苏中考真题)(形容词作表语,副词修饰动词)In the library,students are required to keepand move.A.quiet;quiet B.quiet;quietly C.quietly;quiet D.quietly;quietly【答案】B【详解】句意:在图书馆里,学生必须保持安静和悄悄地走动。quiet是形容词,而形

2、容词一般修饰名词、系动词、感官动词;quietly是副词,副词一般修饰实义动词。本题 的 keep用作系动词,意为“保 持(某种状态)”,其后常接形容词作表语,故排除C/D;move 移动,走动,,动词,后面应该用副词来修饰。故选B。瓯(2019江苏泰州中考真题)(形容词作表语修饰系动词)-How about the fruit salad?-Yummy!It tastes very.By the way,who made it?A.good B.bad C.well D.badly【答案】A【详解】句意:水果沙拉怎么样?好极了!味道很好。顺便问一下,是谁做的?A.good好的,形容词;B.b

3、ad坏的,差的,形容词;C.well好的,副词;当“身体好”讲时,是形容词;D.badly坏的,副词。本题的tastes是系动词,因此后面应该跟形容词,排除D;根据答语Yummy!好极了!可知,应该是好吃,因此选项B 不对;本题是指水果沙拉好吃,因此选项C 不符合语境。故选A。例 W (2022江苏宿迁中考真题)(形容词+enough)Amy did very well in her report.She is to payattention to every detail.A.enough careful B.careful enough C.enough careless D.carele

4、ss enough【答案】B【详解】句意:艾米的报告做得很好。她很细心,对每一个细节都很注意。考查形容词辨析以及enough的用法。careful仔细的;careless粗心的。根据“pay attention to everydetail”可知,对每一个细节都很注意,说明是一个很细心的人,排除C 和 D 选项。enough修饰形容词要放在其后,故选B。厚命题自确形容词和副词的基本用法一、形容词的用法及位置说明人或事物的特征、性质或状态,常用来修饰名词或不定代词的词叫形容词。1.形容词作定语1)放在名词的前面。如:delicious food美味的食物2)放在不定代词的后面。如:I have

5、something important to tell you.我有些重要的事情要告诉你。3)形容词+enough,意思为“足够的,如:big enough足够大注意:多个形容词修饰名词时,其顺序是:限定词一数词一描述性的词(大小,长短,形状,新旧,颜色)一出处一材料性质一类别一名词。2.作表语:形容词作表语用于be动词或系动词后面,常见的系动词有:seem;keep,remain;become,get,turn。感官动词:look,sound,taste,feel,smelL3.作宾语补足语常放在动词:keep,stay,make,find,feel,think等后面。常见句型有:keep(

6、stay)sth.+的.如:We should keep our classroom clean.make sb.+adj.Ht John makes me very angry.约翰令我很生气。find/feel/think it+adj.to do sth.如:I find it hard to study math,but I will study harder,我发现学数学很难,但是我将更努力。三、-ing结尾的形容词与-ed结尾的形容词的用法1.以-ing结尾的形容词(interesting,surprising,exciting等)常用于说明事物,表示事物的性质、特征,若用来说明人

7、,则表示此人具有此性质或特征。如:It is an interesting book for children.那是一本有趣的儿童读物。2.以-ed结尾的形容词(interested,excited,surprised,worried等)通常用于说明人,而不用于说明事物。如:You can imagine how surprised I was.你可以想象我是多么惊讶。四、含有形容词的一些特殊句型。l)It is+形容词(for sb.)to do sth.对某人来说)做某事是.的。(形容词不是描述人物性格特征的词,一般是easy,difficult,Interesting,Important

8、y possible等)It is necessary to tell him about it.有必要把这件事告诉他。It is easy for him to answer such a question.对他来说,回答这样的一个问题不难。2)It is+形容词of sb.to do sth.某人做某事是的*(形容词是描述人物性格特征的词,如 nice,kind9 clever,brave,friendly,careful,polite;rude 等)It is very brave of Yang Liwei to fly into space.杨利伟飞上太空真的很勇敢。It is ve

9、ry nice of you to lead the way for us.你真好,给我们领路。3)find/think/feel it/make it+形容词to do sth.发现/认为/觉得做某事是.的I found it hard to climb up to the top of the mountain.我发现爬上山顶不容易。We think it interesting to play this game.我们认为玩这个游戏很有趣The machine makes it possible to stay in the deep sea for a long time 这个机器让长

10、时间停留在深海成为可能。4)too+形容词(for sb.)to do sth.谋 人)太.以致不能做某事She is too weak to walk farther,她太虚弱,不能再走了。The house is too expensive for him to buy.这房子太贵了他买不了。5)形容词+enough(for sh.)to do sth.谋 人)足够.去某事He is not old enough to go to school.他够年龄上学了。6)$o+形容词+that从句如此以致The song is so popular that nearly everyone ca

11、n sing 这首歌这么流行,几人都会唱He was so lazy that he was fired very soon.他这么懒惰,很快就被解雇了。二、形容词的用法及位置考点一:副词的位置1.频率副词作状语时放在be动词、情态动词和助动词之后,实义动词之前。如:I often go to see my grandparents on weekends.我经常在周末去探望我的祖父母。2.程度副词一般放在所修饰的形容词、副词之前,修饰动词时一般放在动词之后。如:Zhang Hua speaks English quite well.张华的英语讲得很好。3.修饰句子时,放句首后接逗号,与主句隔

12、开。如:Luckily,he didnt hurt badly.幸 运 的 是,他 伤 得 不 重。考点二:频率副词根据频率的大小排列如下:alwaysusuallyoftensometimesseldomhardly everneverHe always wears jeans in winter.他冬天总是穿牛仔裤,曾 就ffln缭【变式 1(2022江苏徐州二模)Grandma is busy learning to use her smart phone.Its never to trynew things.A.young enough B.too young C.old enough

13、 D.too old【答案】D【详解】句意:奶奶正忙着学习使用她的智能手机。从来不会太老而不去尝试新事物。考查tooto结构。too+形容词+to do sth.太 而不“;形容词+enough to do sth.“足够 去做某事”;根据前句“Grandma is busy learning to use her smart phone.”可知,应是从来不会太老而不去尝试新事物。故选D。【变式2(2022 江苏宿迁市宿豫区教育局教研室二模)Nancy said she would have holiday.A.a one-month B.an one-month C.one-month D.

14、one month【答案】A【详解】句意:南希说她将有一个月的假期。考查复合形容词。此处作定语修饰holiday,而且。ne首字母发音为辅音,所以用不定冠词a,aone-month 一个月的,故选Ao【变式 3(2022 江苏景山中学三模)一I have a surprise for you.Keep your eyes.Dont open themuntil I tell you to do so.OK,Mrs White.A.close B.closed C.closing D.closely【答案】B【详解】句意:我要给你一个惊喜。闭上眼睛。除非我让你睁开,否则不要睁开。好的,怀特太太。

15、考查形容词作宾补。根据Keep your eyes.”可知,此处是“keep sth+ad结构,使用形容词作宾语补足语,故选B。【变式 4(2022江苏二模)We found him with.Hes quite an easy-going guy.A.easily to work B.easily working C.easy to work D.easy working【答案】C【详解】句意:我们发现他很容易共事。他是个很随和的人。考查形容词作宾补和非谓语动词。easily“容易地”,副词;easy“容易的”,形容词。固定句型find+宾语+adj.+to do sth.“发现做某事是.,

16、排除AB选项;固定短语work with.和.一起共事“,此处是动词不定式作宾语,故选C。【变式 5】(2022江苏徐州二模)一 Your teammates l ook,boys.Whafs going on?一 They expected us to win the game,but we lost.A.sad B.sadly C.happy D.happily【答案】A【详解】句意:你们的队友看起来很伤心,孩子们。发生什么事了?他们希望我们赢得比赛,但我们输了。考查系表结构和形容词词义辨析。sad伤心的,形容词;sadly伤心地,副词;h叩py高兴的,形容词;happily高兴地,副词。

17、结合句意及句中look可知,空格处所在句子为系表结构,所以这里应用形容词;又根据They expected us to win the game,but we lost.”可知,此处是指看起来很伤心,故选A。变式 6(2022江苏淮安 一模)Manchurian tigers are now.Lefs keep t hem.A.in danger;safety B.dangerous;safe C.in danger;safe D.dangerous;safety【答案】C【详解】句意:东北虎现在处于危险之中。让我们保护他们。考杳词义辨析和形容词作宾补。in danger处于危险中;dange

18、rous危险的;safety安全,名词;safe安全的,形容词。“keep.+ad结构表示 使/保持”,第二空使用形容词safe作宾补,排除A、D:结合“Manchurian tigers arc.now.Lefs keep them.”可知,要保护它们应是因为它们现在处于危险之中。故选Co【变式 7(2021 江苏 模拟预测)一What do you think of your English teachers lessons?His lessons are sometimes recorded because he usually use special ways to make his

19、classand interesting to draw our attention.A.live;lively B.lovely;live C.living;live D.love;living【答案】A【详解】句意:你觉得你的英语老师的课怎么样?他的课有时会现场直播,因为他通常用特别的方式使他的课生动有趣,以引起我们的注意。考查词义辨析。live在现场直播(副词)/居住(动词);lovely可 爱 的(形容词);living活 着 的(形容词);love爱(动词/名词);lively生 动 的(形容词)。根据His lessons are sometimesrecorded.”可知,空格处

20、修饰动词“recorded”,填副词,故第一空填“live;根据“and interesting”可知,“interesting有趣的”是形容词,由此推断空格处填形容词,结合选项,第:空应填“lively”。故选A。【变式8 (2020江苏 扬州中学教育集团树人学校模拟预测)一Will the football match be covered live on TVtonight?Yes,but you might find it a bit unless you are a sports fan.A.boring B.bored C.interesting D.interested【答案】A

21、【详解】句意:足球比赛今晚会在电视上直播吗?是的,但除非你是体育迷,否则你可能会觉得有点无聊。考查形容词辨析。boring令人无聊的;bored感到无聊的;interesting令人感兴趣的;interested感兴趣的,由“find it a bit _”可知此处的 it 指代上文的 the football match“足球赛”,根据 unless you are a sports fan.可知除非你是体育迷,否则你可能会觉得足球有点无聊。所以用boring令人无聊的,故选A。【变式 9】(2022西藏拉萨 一模)We must keep e v e r y t h i n g.A.cle

22、aning B.to clean C.clean D.cleaned【答案】C【详解】句意:我们必须保持一切清洁。考杳形容词作宾补。根据We must keep everything.”可知,keep sth.+adj.”使某物.,形容词作宾补。故选 C。【变式 10(2022 云南昆明模拟预测)一While watching Stephen Chows films,I am often madeagain and again.So am I.And laughing can make us.A.laugh;relaxed B.to laugh;relaxedC.to laugh;to rel

23、ax D.laugh;relax【答案】B【详解】句意:当看周星驰的电影时,我经常被逗得一次又一次的笑。我也是。并且大笑能使我们放松。考查使役动词make的用法。make”使 使役动词,其宾语后续省略to的动词不定式,但本身是被动语态时,动词不定式符号I。要恢复,所以第一空应填t。laugh;make.adj.使处于某种状态”,所以第二空应填形容词relaxed“放松的,故选B。【变式 111(2022 上海虹口 二模)Our monitor came up with a new idea for making rail t r ave l.A.attractB attractiveC.att

24、ractionD.attractively【答案】B【详解】句意:我们的班长想出了让铁路旅行变得有吸引力的新想法。考查形容词作宾语补足语。空格处应修饰名词rail travel,故应用形容词词性;根据选项可知,allract对应的形容词是attractive,表示“有 吸 引 力 的 故 选 B。【变式 1 2(2022江苏无锡模拟预测)The Taihu Tunnel High Speed Way was open to the pubic thisyear.A.40 meter wide B.40 meters wideC.40-meter-wide D.40-meters-wide【答案

25、】C【详解】句意:宽 40米的太湖隧道高速路于今年向公众开放。考查定语。40 meters wide 40米 宽(作表语);40-meter-wide 40米 宽 的(作定语)。AD表述错误。此处是复合形容词40-meter-wide4 440米宽的”修饰名词way。故选C。【变式 13(2022贵州铜仁 一模)一This kind of dress looks and sells in the supermarket.It is a hot style!A.nice;good B.nice;well C.well;well D.good;nice【答案】B【详解】句意:这种衣服很好看,在超市

26、很畅销。这是一种很火辣的风格!考查形容词和副词的用法。nice好看的,形容词;good好的,形容词;well身体好的,形容词;好,副词。第一空根据“looks”可知,感官动词后跟形容词作表语,表示“看起来”,排除选项C,第二空根据“sells”可知,实义动词后跟副词,修饰动词,故排除A、D 项。故选B。【变式 14(2022浙江 温州市南浦实验中学二模)If you dont push yourself,you will know howamazing you can be!A.always B.usually C.sometimes D.never【答案】D【详解】句意:不鞭策自己,永远不知

27、道自己可以有多了不起!考查副词辨析。always 总 是;usually 通常;sometimes 有时;never 从不。根据If you dont push yourself可知,前后句是条件关系,表示不鞭策自己,永远不知道自己可以有多了不起!故选D。【变式 15(2022 广西贵港三模)一Marias eating habit is not good.She eat vegetables.We cant learn from her.We should eat more vegetables and less meat.A.seldom B.usually C.often D.alway

28、s【答案】A【详解】句意:玛丽亚的饮食习惯不好。她很少吃蔬菜。一我们不能向她学习。我们应该多吃蔬菜少吃肉。考杳副词辨析。seldom很少;usually通常,经常,平常,惯常地;often常常;always总是。根据“We cantlearn from her.We should eat more vegetables and less meat”可知,让人们不要学习她,需要多吃蔬菜,说明对方吃蔬菜很少,故选A。【变 式16(2022 江苏 梅岭中学教育集团运河中学二模)一Can you hear me?一No,I cant Would you please s pe a k?A clear

29、enough B.enough clearC.clearly enough D.enough clearly【答案】C【详解】句意:你能听到我说话吗?-不,我不能。请你说清楚一点好吗?考查词义辨析以及enough的位置。enough修饰形容词或副词时;要放在形容词或副词的后面,排除B 和D 选项。clear清楚的;clearly清楚地。修饰动词speak,要用副词,故选C。【变式 18(2022西臧拉萨一模)He doesnt do his h o m e w o r k,though he has.A.carefully enough;enough time B.enough careful

30、ly;time enoughC.carelessly enough;enough time D.enough carefully,enough time【答案】A【详解】句意:虽然他有足够的时间,但他做作业不够仔细。考查enough的用法。enough修饰形容词或副词时,耍后置;修饰名词时要前置。根据“He doesnt do hishomework”可知,第一空表示他做作业不仔细,应用carefully enough;再根据though he has.”可知,第二空指他有足够的时间,应用enough time来表示。故选A。考向二形容词和副词的词义辨析a 意 题 图 究|例 1|(2022江

31、苏盐城中考真题)(形容词辨析)Mr.Li often looks up information on HealthYancheng app before going to hospital.A.personal B.medical C.national D.musical【答案】B【详解】句意:李先生经常在去医院之前在健康盐城app上查找医疗信息。考查形容词辨析。personal个人的;medical医学的,医疗的;national国家的;musical音乐的。根据4 4.Health Yanchcng 叩p before going to hospital”可知,与健康相关,故选 B。例(2

32、022江苏镇江 中考真题)(形容词辨析)What a day!Luckily,I bring an umbrella to protectmyself from the sunlight and heat.A.windy B.snowy C.sunny D.rainy【答案】C【详解】句意:多晴朗的一天啊!幸运的是,我带了一把伞来保护自己免受阳光和高温的伤害。考查形容词辨析。windy有风的;snowy下雪的;sunny有阳光的;rainy下雨的;根据“Luckily,I bring anumbrella to protect myself from the sunlight and heat

33、.可知,天气是晴朗的,故选 C。惋 3|(2022江苏常州中考真题)(形容词辨析)一How this question is!Tve spent two hours on it.Let me help you!A.practical B.general C.difficult D.natural【答案】C【详解】句意:这个问题真难!我在它上花了两个小时。让我来帮助你!考查形容词辨析。practical实际的;general 一般的;difficull困难的;natural自然的。根据Ive spent twohoursonit”可知,在这个问题上花费了 2个小时,说明它很难,故选C。树 4|(

34、2022 江苏无锡中考真题)(形容词辨析)一 Cindy,can I look at your notebook?It looks special.Sony.I usually write down something in it.A.perfect B.practical C.pleasant D.private【答案】D【详解】句意:Cindy,我可以看一下你的笔记本吗?它看起来好特别啊。抱歉。我经常在上面写一些私人的东西。考查形容词辨析。perfect完美的;practical实际的:pleasant愉悦的;private私人的。根据“Sorry”可知在此表示婉拒,说明笔记本上写有一些私

35、人的不方便与他人分享的内容。故选D。板(2022江苏泰州中考真题)(形容词辨析)cultures such as Chinese knot,Chinese paper-cuttingand Chinese opera are deeply loved by students.A.Social B.Modern C.Traditional D.Natural【答案】C【详解】句意:中国结、中国剪纸、中国戏曲等传统文化深受学生喜爱。考查形容词辨析。Social社会的;Modern现代的;Traditional传统的;Natural自然的。根据“Chinese knot,Chinese paper-

36、cutting and Chinese opera”可知中国结、中国剪纸、中国戏曲都是中国传统文化,故选Co例 (2022 江苏盐城 中考真题)(副词辨析)一 What should we take when going birdwatching?Youd better take a pair of binoculars which will help you see mor e.A.quietly B.clearly C.politely D.seriously【答案】B【详解】句意:一我们去观鸟时应该带什么?你最好带一副双筒望远镜,这样可以看得更清楚。考查副词辨析。quietly安静地,平

37、静地;clearly清楚地,清晰地;politely礼貌地;seriously严肃地。根据“going birdwatching和take a pair of binoculars”可知,去观鸟时带双筒望远镜是为了看的更清楚,“清楚地“clearly。故选 Be例 1(2022江苏镇江中考真题)(副词辨析)Chinese womens football team members worked andwon the Asian Cup.A.widely B.closely C.hardly D.simply【答案】B【详解】句意:中国女足队员紧密合作,赢得了亚洲杯。考查副词辨析。widely广泛

38、地;closely紧密地;hardly几乎不;simply简明地;根据Chinese womerTsfootball team members worked.and won the Asian Cup.”可知,队员之间紧密合作赢得了 比赛,故选 B。例 0(2022江苏徐州中考真题)(副词辨析)Why does John act so?Look,he speaking faster,hisface becomes redder and you can almost see fire in his eyes.A.happily B.angrily C.calmly D.sadly【答案】B【详解

39、】句意:为什么约翰表现得如此愤怒?看,他说话的速度更快了,他的脸变得更红了,你几乎可以看到他的眼睛里有火。考查副词辨析。h叩pily高兴地;angrily生气地;calmly平静地:sadly悲伤地。根据you can almost see firein his eyes.”可知,此处是指为什么表现得如此愤怒。故选B。厚 命 题出敬形 容 词 和 副 词 的 词 义 辨 析1、以-ing和以-ed结尾的形容词辨析在形容词中,有些词是以-ing和-ed结尾的,它们的用法各不相同。-ing形容词-ed形容词例句surprising令人惊讶的siwprised感到惊讶的This is a surpr

40、ising story.I am surprised at the news.interesting 有趣的interested感兴趣的I have an interesting book.He is interested in science.exciting令人心奋的excited感到兴奋的Have you heard of the excitingnews?We are excited about thetraveling.pleasing令人愉快的pleased感 到 愉 快(满意)的This is a pleasing trip.The teacher is pleased with

41、 ourperformance.特 点:-ing结尾的表示主动意义,多指事物对人的影响,一般修饰事物;-ed结尾的表示被动意义,多指人对事物的感受,主语一般是人,常用于“sb.+be+-ed形容词+介词”结构。2、以心结尾的形容词1)大 部 分 形 容 词 加 心 可 构 成 副 词。但 friendly,deadly,lovely,lonely,likely,lively,ugly,brotherly,仍为形容词。(错)She sang lovely.(错)He spoke to me very friendly.(对)Her singing was lovely.(对)He spoke t

42、o me in a very friendly way.2)有些以-ly结尾既为形容词,也为副词。daily,weekly,monthly,yearly,early如:The Times is a daily paper.The Times is published daily.3、易混副词辨析英语中一些词加不加y都是副词,但是意义差别很大。hard艰难地;hardly几乎没有 They work very hard.他们工作非常努力。I hardly know her.我不怎么认识她.late 迟 至 I ;lately 最 近 You have come too late.你来得太晚了。H

43、ave you see him lately?你最近见到过他吗?pretty=ve7 非 常;prettily 漂亮地 The exam was pretty difficult.这次考试相当难。The little girl is always prettily dressed.这个小女孩总是穿得漂漂亮亮的。close(具体距离上的)接近地、紧挨地;closely(抽象)亲密地 They sat close together Who is closely to you,your mom or your dad?high(具体高度)高 地;highly(抽象)高度地,赞赏地 The kites

44、 fly high in the sky.这些风筝在天空飞得很高。His teachers think very highly of h im.(老师们很欣赏他。)老师对他评价很高。deep(空间的,具体)深 度;deeply(抽象,感情上的)深深地 He pushed the stick deep into the mud.把木棍深深地插进泥浆里。Karen and Dave are deeply in love with each other.凯伦与戴夫俩人深深地相爱着。wide具体距离很宽;widely广泛地 The door was wide open门被开得大大的。We were w

45、idely different on many questions.我们在许多问题上分歧很大。四、易混淆点区分1.danger,dangerous,endanger 与 endangered2.breath,breathe单词词性意义dangern.危险dangerousadj.危险的endangerV.危 及;使遭受危险endangeredadj.濒临灭绝的3.单词词性意义breathn.呼吸breatheV.呼 吸;活着live,alive,living与lively单词词性意义liveV.居 住;生 存;生活aliveadj.活着的;活泼的livingadj./n.活 的;现存的live

46、lyadj.活泼的;充满活力的4.die,dead,death 与 dying单词词性意义dieV.死亡deadadj.死去的;完全的deathn.死亡dyingadj.垂死的;奄奄一息的5.loud,loudly 与 aloud单词词性意义loudadj.s adv.响亮的;大声的;大声地loudlyadv.响亮地;大声地aloudadv.大声地;高声地6.too,as well,also 和 either意义及用法例句too也,一般用于肯定句,放在句末He likes English,too.as well也,一般用于肯定句,常放在句末I like you as well.also也,常放

47、在b e动词、情态动词或助动词之后,行为动词之前I can also swim.either也,用于否定句,常放在句末I dont know French,either.a级 日 视 像【变 式 1】(2022江苏盐城市鹿鸣路初级中学三模)Sam is about his speech because he thinks he iswell prepared.A.worried B.confident C.modest D.curious【答案】B【详解】句意:Sam对他的演讲很自信,因为他认为他准备得很充分。考查形容词辨析。worried担心的;confident有信心的;modest谦虚的

48、;curious好奇的。根据“wellprepared”可知他准备得很充分,即有把握,有信心。故 选 B。【变式2】(2022江苏 梅岭中学教育集团运河中学二模)一I think Mary must be a good accountant.一I cant agree more.She is the most person I have ever seen.A.curious B.forgetful C.careful D generous【答案】C【详解】句 意:我想玛丽一定是个好会计。我完全同意。她是我见过的最仔细的人。考查形容词辨析。curious好奇的;forgetful健忘的;car

49、eful仔细的;generous慷慨的。根据“I think Marymust be a good accountant.可知Mary 一定是个好会I I,应该是最“仔细的”的人。故选Co【变式 3 (2022江苏徐州市树人初级中学二模)The boy used to be shy,but now he is more andwilling to talk with others.A.active B.curious C.polite D.friendly【答案】A【详解】句意:这个男孩过去很害羞,但现在他更活跃了,也更愿意与别人交谈。考查形容词辨析。active积极的;curious好奇的;

50、polite礼貌的;friendly友好的。根据“willing to talk withothers.”可知,更愿意与别人交谈,说明变得更积极活跃。故选A。【变式4(2023 江苏 无锡外国语学校一模)一I got a job in the post office.-Congratulations!Make yourself so that they dont want to lose you.A.valuable B.possible C.enjoyable D.comfortable【答案】A【详解】句意:一我在邮局找到了一份工作。祝贺你!让自己变得有价值,这样他们才不想失去你。考查形容

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