《2023年江苏中考英语一轮复习专题 阅读理解技巧.pdf》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《2023年江苏中考英语一轮复习专题 阅读理解技巧.pdf（10页珍藏版）》请在taowenge.com淘文阁网|工程机械CAD图纸|机械工程制图|CAD装配图下载|SolidWorks_CaTia_CAD_UG_PROE_设计图分享下载上搜索。
1、阅 读 理 解 技 巧 一、阅 读 理 解 细 节 题 一 篇 文 章 必 须 通 过 许 多 细 节 进 一 步 解 释 和 说 明 主 题，体 现 中 心 思 想。因 此，阅 读 理 解 题 中 多 数 是 针 对 文 章 中 的 细 节 而 设 计 的，回 答 此 类 问 题 时，首 先 要 认 真 审 题，理 解 题 意，然 后 根 据 提 示 词 或 线 索 词，运 用 查 阅 的 技 巧，快 速 在 原 文 中 查 找 正 确 的 答 案。这 些 题 目 的 答 案 大 都 可 以 在 文 章 对 应 的 文 字 部 分 找 到。解 题 应 从 以 下 几 个 方 面 人 手：直
2、接 细 节 题。题 目 主 要 由 how和 五 个 w h开 头 的 问 题，即：what,who,w hen,where,w hy开 头 的 问 题，这 类 题 目 一 般 都 比 较 简 单，根 据 提 问 的 具 体 内 容 查 找，即 可 得 出 答 案。间 接 细 节 题。一 般 指 以 释 义 或 换 一 种 方 式 重 新 设 计 的 题 目。解 题 时，音 先 要 看 懂 题 目，找 出 题 目 中 的 词 或 词 组，然 后 找 出 文 章 中 的 对 应 部 分。查 找 要 借 助 于 同 义 词 或 同 义 结 构。因 为 题 目 中 使 用 的 词 语 或 结 构 与
3、 文 章 中 所 使 用 的 不 同，但 意 思 相 同。解 题 技 巧：1.阅 读 问 题。2.在 文 中 找 出 对 应 的 答 案 句，即 定 位。3.（1）、关 键 信 息 定 位 法。这 个 主 要 是 细 节 题，如 涉 及 到 数 字（日 期、时 间、价 格 等），就 可 以 在 文 章 中 快 速 圈 出 数 字，再 找 出 目 标 数 字 及 相 对 应 的 细 节 作 息，还 有 人 物 姓 名、地 点 名 词 等 等，其 他 的 还 包 括 一 些 提 示 情 节 发 展，或 条 纲 性 关 键 字 眼，如 First,Next,Finally等 等。（2）、同 义 定
4、位 法。英 文 中 可 以 用 Paraphrase表 示。同 义 定 位 就 是 指 问 题 所 用 的 关 键 词 和 文 中 的 不 一 致，但 属 于 同 义 性 质，同 义 转 换 其 实 是 在 关 键 间 的 基 础 上 拐 了 个 弯 易 错 点：1.没 有 注 意 原 文 与 试 题 之 间 的 相 互 转 换 2.没 有 掌 握 中 心 或 者 主 旨，不 知 道 到 何 处 找 到 自 己 所 需 要 的 事 实 真 题 解 析 AWith the development of science and technology,our daily life is becomi
5、ng more colorful and moreconvenient（便 利）.An Underwater HotelIt looks like a spaceship but it is actually a picture of an underwater hotel.A company plans to build inthe sea which is about 18 metres below the surface.The whole building is underwater and you can get to itby swimming and diving.Google
6、GlassGoogle Glass is a pair of glasses with a battery（电*也）hidden inside the frame（边 I匡）.It can carry outmany of the same tasks as smart phones.The glass has a hidden camera and a tiny screen.It is designed totake hands-free photos or videos of anything people are doing.A New Kind of ShirtHate washin
7、g clothes?Youre going to love this kind of shirt made by an American clothing company,Wool&Prince.This shirt can be worn for 100 straight days without washing!The Wool&Prince shirt neverneeds ironing（熨 烫）.The Digital LibraryCan you imagine walking into a library and finding all books have turned int
8、o computers?The firstbookless public library is planned to open in San Antonio,Texas.Computers will take the place of bookssoon.32.The Digital Library tells us something about a library w i t h o u t.A.books B.computers C.bookshelves D.readers 答 案 AI解 析 1 结 合 小 标 题 The Digital（数 字）L ibrary下 第 一 句 Ca
9、n you imagine walking into a library and finding all books have turned into computers 可 知,数 字 化 图 书 馆 把 所 有 的 书 都 换 成 了 电 脑。因 此 这 是 没 有 书（books）的 图 书 馆。computer意 为“电 脑”,bookshelf意 为“书 架,reader意 为 读 者”，均 不 符 合 题 意。You probably know you should say”please and thank you*at restaurants.You probably know
10、the rules ofa library.You know you should respect and be nice lo your classmates.But do you have music manners?Keep It Down!Ybu have to notice the volume of your music.You should not play your music so loud thateveryone around you can hear it.Some people might even get angry.Usually,when you play th
11、e music loudon an MP3 player,other people cant hear the words of the song.They just hear a loud sound.Not one wantsto listen to this.Very loud music can also be bad for your ears,so even if you are alone when listening to ourMP3 player,you shouldnt have it turned up too high.Take Them Off!You need t
12、o know when to turn yourMP3 player off and put it away.Libraries and schools dont allow MP3 players.There are other places,likemuseums,that don*t have rules,but it would be rude to have your MP3 player on.Sometimes,it just doesntmake sense to listen your MP3 player at event.Why would you listen to m
13、usic at a play,a movie or a sportingevent?You would miss what is going on and others would wonder why you even came.Take One Out!Once in a while its okay just to take out one earphone.Imagine you are listening on your MP3 player whensomeone asks you the way.It would not be rude to take out one earph
14、one,tell him the way,and put back theearphone and continue listening.You can also do this when you order food at a fast-food restaurant or whenyou answer the telephone and its not for you.It*s Your Choice!There are times when you need to decidewhat is best.For example,some people can listen to music
15、 on their MP3 players when read books,whileothers think it is disturbing.In cases like this,you need 10 do what seems right for you.79.No one wants to listen to from others MP3 players.A)a loud sound B)sad storiesC)a long movie D)the words of a song 答 案 A 解 析 第 二 段 倒 数 第 三 行 Not one wants to listen
16、to this.Very loud music can also be bad for yourears”,可 以 得 出 答 案，选 择 A80.We should turn down the music when we are alone because loud music.A)is not enjoyable B)makes us tired C)is bad for MP3 players D)hurts our ears 答 案 2 解 析 根 据 第 二 段 倒 数 第 一 行 Very loud music can also be bad for your ears,so ev
17、en if you are alonewhen listening to our MP3 player,you shouldnt have it turned up too high”得 出 结 论，选 择 D81.We can take once earphone out when we_A)show others the way B)talk to friends on the phoneC)watch a sporting event D)have dinner with our parents 答 案 A1 解 析 根 据 第 四 段 的 介 绍 我 们 可 以 排 除 C 项 和 D
18、 项，A 和 B 在 原 文 中 都 有 提 及，但 是 原 文 中 指 的 是“answer the telephone”这 一 短 暂 的 动 作，而 B 项 是 与 朋 友 在“telephone”中 聊 天，是 个 延 续 性 的 动 作，故 选 择 A。Jenny looked at the store window.There was nothing that she wanted more than a Happy Hannah doll.It was$29.95.Unluckily,Jenny didnt even have the 95 cents.As she crosse
19、d the street,she thought about doing her brothers housework,cleaning the floor,washingthe dishes all month,but even then she would have only eleven dollars.Suddenly,something small and pinkin the snow caught her eyes.Jenny walked over and picked it up from the snow.It was a beautiful wallet.She open
20、ed the wallet andfound many dollars and a womans drivers licence.Jenny put the wallet into her bag quickly.She turnedaround and walked back.Jennys heart beat fast as she entered the store.She had long dreamed about this moment,but somethingdidnt feel right.As she got to the Happy Hannah dolls,she pu
21、shed away her feelings.She grabbed(抓 起)one and walked toward the checkout.As Jenny was waiting to pay,her mobile phone rang.Jenny looked around,startled(吓 了 一 跳).It washer grandma.Jennys heart was suddenly filled with love and warmth when she thought of her.She put thedoll down and answered the phon
22、e.“Hi,Grandma!Im going to be a little bit late tonight.Alright.!love you,too.Jenny left the storeand walked all the way to 301 West Street.The woman who answered the door looked sad.“Here,I found this in the snow,“Jenny said.“Oh,good God!This is the money for the orphanage(孤 儿 院)！Thank you!After doi
23、ng her brothers housework for three months,Jenny finally got a Happy Hannah doll.She wasso happy because she could play with her doll and look her grandma in the eye.34.What did Jenny find in the snow?A.A bag.B.A doll.C.A wallet.D.A mobile phone.35.How did Jenny feel when she thought of her grandma?
24、A.Touched.B.Warm.C.Nervous.D.Surprised.37.What did Jenny do to get the doll?A.She asked her grandma for help.B.She took some money from the woman.C.She cleaned the floor in the store for all month.D.She did her brothers housework fbr three months.答 案 CBDIf I were to ask you to close your eyes and I
25、gave you a piece of apple to eat,would you be able to tellme what it is just by tasting it?Of course,you could.Your tongue(舌 头)helps you know what differentfoods taste like.Do you know that foods would taste different if you did not have a nose?What You Need a friend to help small pieces of any food
26、 like carrot,orange,bananawhatever you have small pieces of apples,raw(uncooked)potato and(if you are brave)onion(洋 葱)What You DoThere are actually three different experiments.You and your friend should take turns trying them oneach other.Experiment 1:Have your friend close her eyes and open her mou
27、th.Give her a piece of the food and ask her to taste it.Then,ask her what she thinks it is.She will probably guess correctly.Experiment 2:While your friend has her eyes closed,give her a piece of raw potato.At the same time,hold a piece ofapple right under her nose.Ask her to eat the potato and tell
28、 you what she thinks it is.She will say it is apiece of apple!You can even do it the other way around,and she will think she is eating a potato,or,perhaps,she wont be able to name what she is eating.Experiment 3:(for the brave)Take a piece of raw onion.You dont have to close your eyes this time.Pres
29、s your nose closed with yourother hand so that no smells can get into your nose.Now eat a small piece of the onion.Surprise!As long asyou hold your nose,you will not be able to taste the onion.The Science SecretYou already know the science secret.Your nose and your tongue work together to make food
30、taste theway it does.Your tongue,however,can taste only certain flavors like salty,bitter,sour,and sweet.All o f theother“tastes”are actually“smeHs”,and you need your nose to taste them.Oh,you might use this science secret the next time you are forced to eat something you dont like thetaste of.If yo
31、u hold your nose while you eat it,you wont taste“it at all.39.What is the most probable reason Experiment 3 is called“for the brave”?A.You have to eat a raw onion.B.You keep your eyes open.C.You have to hold your nose.D.You do the experiment alone.答 案 A二、阅 读 理 解 之 主 旨 题（一）如 何 确 定 文 章 的 中 心 思 想 每 篇 文
32、 章 都 有 主 题 思 想，而 大 多 数 文 章 的 主 题 思 想 是 通 过 一 个 句 子 来 表 达 的，这 就 是 主 题 句。来 主 题 句 通 常 是 文 章 当 中 的 第 一 句，从 主 题 句 中 能 找 出 文 章 主 题 思 想 的 答 案，但 有 时 主 题 句 也 可 以 在 文 中 或 段 尾。一 般 情 况 下，演 绎 性 的 文 章 的 主 题 句 多 在 句 首，而 归 纳 性 的 文 章 的 主 题 句 则 常 在 段 尾。如 果 作 者 把 主 题 句 写 得 很 含 蓄，没 有 明 显 地 用 一 二 个 句 子 表 达 出 来，可 根 据 文 章
33、 内 容 加 以 归 纳 总 结，或 把 所 有 段 落 的 主 题 句 加 以 归 纳，从 中 找 出 文 章 的 主 题 思 想。主 旨 大 意 题 的 提 问 方 式：What is the writer trying to tell us with the story?The text is mainly about The best title for this passage could be The passage mainly tells us The main idea（topic）of the passage is about解 题 应 从 以 下 两 个 方 面 入 手：
34、借 助 于 文 章 的 结 构 知 识 来 把 握 中 心 思 想。文 章 的 中 心 思 想 常 常 由 主 题 句 来 表 达。一 般 来 说，主 题 句 常 是 文 章 的 第 一 句 或 位 于 文 章 的 第 一 段，用 来 交 代 全 文 所 要 说 明 的 问 题，同 时 引 导 以 下 段 落 进 行 展 开 和 解 释。有 时 主 题 句 也 出 现 于 文 章 的 中 间 段 落 或 结 尾，由 全 文 展 开 讨 论 后 归 纳 总 结 出 来。因 此，找 准 主 题 句 是 十 分 重 要 的。阅 读 时 要 特 别 注 意 文 章 的 起 始 段、收 尾 段 和 段
35、落 的 主 题 句。有 的 文 章 没 有 主 题 句 或 没 有 主 题 段 和 收 尾 段。碰 到 这 种 情 况 不 能 采 用 辨 认 主 题 句 或 主 题 段 的 方 法 来 获 取 段 落 或 文 章 的 中-心 思 想。这 时，宜 把 不 同 的 细 节 集 中 讨 论 的 要 点 即 共 同 点 概 括 出 来。需 要 读 者 自 己 在 通 读 全 文 后 归 纳 总 结。真 题 People in many countries learn English and they learn it in different w ays.Some learn it atschool
36、.Some learn it by themselves.Others learn English by（通 过）radio,on TV,or in films.The main idea Of the passage i s.A.people in many countries learn English in many ways.B.some learn English at school.C.some learn English by themselves.D.others learn English by hearing the language over the radio,on T
37、V,or in films.答 案 A 解 析 本 文 的 第 一 句 就 是 该 文 的 主 题 句，讲 述 许 多 国 家 的 人 们 以 不 同 的 方 式 学 习 英 语。答 案 B、c、D 都 是 第 一 句 的 扩 展 和 说 明，所 以 A 是 对 的。Tennis is not difficult game to play,and you do not need a lot of equipment（装 备）to play it.There mustbe two or four players.Each player should have a comfortable tenn
38、is racket（网 球 拍）.The player will needsome tennis balls,too.of course,it is necessary to have a tennis court（网 球 场）！The main idea of the passage is t h a t.A.players need tennis racketsB.you play tennis on a tennis courtC.players need a court jackets,and tennis ballsD.two players will need two racket
39、s to play this game 答 案 cI解 析 选 项 A、B、D 的 内 容 均 不 全 面，只 包 括 了 打 网 球 的 单 项 内 容；选 项 C 是 对 选 项 A、B、D 的 综 合 概 括，故 C 为 正 确 答 案。三、阅 读 理 解 推 理 判 断 题 此 类 题 需 要 透 过 文 章 信 息 进 行 深 入 的 分 析、综 合、归 纳 等 推 断，需 根 据 上 下 文 及 其 内 在 联 系 对 篇 章 进 行 深 入 的 分 析。设 题 方 式：1）How many times did the tiger come into the village?解 题
40、 策 略：*每 段 的 首 句，含 有 重 要 的 解 题 线 索。设 题 方 式：2）From Ihe second paragraph we k n o w.解 题 策 略：*在 把 握 全 篇 的 基 础 上，细 读 这 一 段。推 理 判 断 题 的 常 见 类 型：推 断 文 章 的 出 处（题 材）与 文 章 细 节 相 关 的 推 断 对 文 章 后 续 内 容 的 推 断 数 字 相 关 的 计 算 推 断 真 题 Ang Lee won the Best Director Oscar for his adventure film Life of Pi at the 85th
41、Academy Awards inHollywood,California February 24,2013.Life of Pi shows a young Indian named Pi,who finds the world he knows swept away when his familysells their zoo and sets sail for Canada with a few animals.Only Pi escapes from the storm and floats in alifeboat with a giant Bengal tiger.“I reall
42、y want to thank you for believing this story and sharing this unbelievable journey with me,“Leesaid in his speech.The film also won three other Oscars,for best original music,best cinematography（电 影 艺 术）and best visual（视 觉）effects.It won more awards than Lincoln and Argo which were also among thehot
43、test nominees.Coming from Chinas Taiwan,the 58-year-old Lee won an Oscar for Best Foreign Language Film in2001 for Crouching Tiger,Hidden Dragon and another for Best Director in 2006 for Brokeback Mountain.He is the only person of Asian to win the directing award and one of the rare people who won t
44、hat awardmore than once.In an after-ceremony interview,Lee said he believed Asian films would come to the main stage of theworld sooner or later.*I was born in Asia and grew up with Chinese education.It is natural for me to putAsian thinking into Western things.The film,which cost 120 million U.S.do
45、llars,has earned nearly 600million dollars worldwide.Lee said most of the earnings came from outside China.Lee said he felt warmthat he won the award on the day of the Lantern Festival,a Chinese traditional festival on which families gettogether to solve puzzles on lanterns and eat Tang Yuan.He wish
46、ed everyone a happy new year of the snakeand everybody gets lucky.1.What kind of film does Life o f Pi belong to?A.Comedies.B.Tragedies.C.Detective films.D.Adventure films.答 案 DThe Statue of Liberty,which has been closed to the public since super storm Sandy struck in October,will reopen by July 4.T
47、he Statue of Liberty was presented to the United States by the French people in 1886.It stands atLiberty Island as a welcome to all returning Americans.Its five months since the monument and Liberty Island were shut down after the storm.While the statue itself was not seriously harmed by the storm,s
48、everal buildings on the island experiencedthe terrible flood.The way used by ships carrying visitors from lower Manhattan and New Jersey was alsodestroyed.“Its good news,its a little late,but at least its there,and now well watch like an eagle to make surethis promise is kept,“Schumer told NBC New Y
49、ork.In Januaiy,the government spent$59 million repairing both Liberty Island and nearby Ellis Island,which was also damaged in the storm.But the officers have not announced when Ellis Island will reopen.InNovember,more than a million art works had to be removed from the museum there because of the s
50、torm.The Statue of Liberty is one of the countrys most popular tourist attractions.According to the National ParkService,more than 3.7 million people visit the site every year.34.What does the underlined word It in the fifth paragraph refer to?A.The Statue of Liberty was presented by French people.B