《2023年江苏中考英语一轮复习专题阅读理解技巧.pdf》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《2023年江苏中考英语一轮复习专题阅读理解技巧.pdf（10页珍藏版）》请在taowenge.com淘文阁网|工程机械CAD图纸|机械工程制图|CAD装配图下载|SolidWorks_CaTia_CAD_UG_PROE_设计图分享下载上搜索。
1、阅读理解技巧一、阅读理解细节题一篇文章必须通过许多细节进一步解释和说明主题，体现中心思想。因 此，阅读理解题中多数是针对文章中的细节而设计的，回答此类问题时，首先要认真审题，理 解 题 意，然后根据提示词或线索词，运用查阅的技巧，快速在原文中查找正确的答案。这些题目的答案大都可以在文章对应的文字部分找到。解题应从以下几个方面人手：直接细节题。题目主要由how和五个wh开头的问题，即：what,who,when,where,why开头的问题，这类题目一般都比较简单，根据提问的具体内容查找，即可得出答案。间接细节题。一般指以释义或换一种方式重新设计的题目。解 题 时，音先要看懂题目，找出题目中的词
2、或词组，然后找出文章中的对应部分。查找要借助于同义词或同义结构。因为题目中使用的词语或结构与文章中所使用的不同，但意思相同。解题技巧：1.阅读问题。2.在文中找出对应的答案句，即定位。3.（1）、关键信息定位法。这个主要是细节题，如涉及到数字（日期、时间、价格等），就可以在文章中快速圈出数字，再找出目标数字及相对应的细节作息，还有人物姓名、地点名词等等，其他的还包括一些提示情节发展，或条纲性关键字眼，如 First,Next,Finally等等。（2）、同义定位法。英文中可以用Paraphrase表示。同义定位就是指问题所用的关键词和文中的不一致，但属于同义性质，同义转换其实是在关键间的基础上
3、拐了个弯易错点：1.没有注意原文与试题之间的相互转换2.没有掌握中心或者主旨，不知道到何处找到自己所需要的事实真题解析AWith the development of science and technology,our daily life is becoming more colorful and moreconvenient（便利）.An Underwater HotelIt looks like a spaceship but it is actually a picture of an underwater hotel.A company plans to build inthe s
4、ea which is about 18 metres below the surface.The whole building is underwater and you can get to itby swimming and diving.Google GlassGoogle Glass is a pair of glasses with a battery（电*也）hidden inside the frame（边I匡）.It can carry outmany of the same tasks as smart phones.The glass has a hidden camer
5、a and a tiny screen.It is designed totake hands-free photos or videos of anything people are doing.A New Kind of ShirtHate washing clothes?Youre going to love this kind of shirt made by an American clothing company,Wool&Prince.This shirt can be worn for 100 straight days without washing!The Wool&Pri
6、nce shirt neverneeds ironing（熨烫）.The Digital LibraryCan you imagine walking into a library and finding all books have turned into computers?The firstbookless public library is planned to open in San Antonio,Texas.Computers will take the place of bookssoon.32.The Digital Library tells us something ab
7、out a library wi t h o u t.A.books B.computers C.bookshelves D.readers 答案 AI解析1 结合小标题The Digital（数字）Library下第一句 Can you imagine walking into a library and finding all books have turned into computers 可知,数字化图书馆把所有的书都换成了电脑。因此这是没有书（books）的图书馆。computer意为“电脑”,bookshelf意为“书架,reader意为 读者”，均不符合题意。You probab
8、ly know you should say”please and thank you*at restaurants.You probably know the rules ofa library.You know you should respect and be nice lo your classmates.But do you have music manners?Keep It Down!Ybu have to notice the volume of your music.You should not play your music so loud thateveryone aro
9、und you can hear it.Some people might even get angry.Usually,when you play the music loudon an MP3 player,other people cant hear the words of the song.They just hear a loud sound.Not one wantsto listen to this.Very loud music can also be bad for your ears,so even if you are alone when listening to o
10、urMP3 player,you shouldnt have it turned up too high.Take Them Off!You need to know when to turn yourMP3 player off and put it away.Libraries and schools dont allow MP3 players.There are other places,likemuseums,that don*t have rules,but it would be rude to have your MP3 player on.Sometimes,it just
11、doesntmake sense to listen your MP3 player at event.Why would you listen to music at a play,a movie or a sportingevent?You would miss what is going on and others would wonder why you even came.Take One Out!Once in a while its okay just to take out one earphone.Imagine you are listening on your MP3 p
12、layer whensomeone asks you the way.It would not be rude to take out one earphone,tell him the way,and put back theearphone and continue listening.You can also do this when you order food at a fast-food restaurant or whenyou answer the telephone and its not for you.It*s Your Choice!There are times wh
13、en you need to decidewhat is best.For example,some people can listen to music on their MP3 players when read books,whileothers think it is disturbing.In cases like this,you need 10 do what seems right for you.79.No one wants to listen to from others MP3 players.A)a loud sound B)sad storiesC)a long m
14、ovie D)the words of a song 答案 A 解析 第二段倒数第三行Not one wants to listen to this.Very loud music can also be bad for yourears”,可以得出答案，选 择 A80.We should turn down the music when we are alone because loud music.A)is not enjoyable B)makes us tired C)is bad for MP3 players D)hurts our ears 答案2 解析 根据第二段倒数第一行Ve
15、ry loud music can also be bad for your ears,so even if you are alonewhen listening to our MP3 player,you shouldnt have it turned up too high”得出结论，选择 D81.We can take once earphone out when we_A)show others the way B)talk to friends on the phoneC)watch a sporting event D)have dinner with our parents 答
16、案 A1 解析 根据第四段的介绍我们可以排除C 项 和 D 项，A 和 B 在原文中都有提及，但是原文中指的是“answer the telephone”这一短暂的动作，而 B 项是与朋友在“telephone”中 聊 天，是个延续性的动作，故选择A。Jenny looked at the store window.There was nothing that she wanted more than a Happy Hannah doll.It was$29.95.Unluckily,Jenny didnt even have the 95 cents.As she crossed the
17、street,she thought about doing her brothers housework,cleaning the floor,washingthe dishes all month,but even then she would have only eleven dollars.Suddenly,something small and pinkin the snow caught her eyes.Jenny walked over and picked it up from the snow.It was a beautiful wallet.She opened the
18、 wallet andfound many dollars and a womans drivers licence.Jenny put the wallet into her bag quickly.She turnedaround and walked back.Jennys heart beat fast as she entered the store.She had long dreamed about this moment,but somethingdidnt feel right.As she got to the Happy Hannah dolls,she pushed a
19、way her feelings.She grabbed(抓起)one and walked toward the checkout.As Jenny was waiting to pay,her mobile phone rang.Jenny looked around,startled(吓了 一跳).It washer grandma.Jennys heart was suddenly filled with love and warmth when she thought of her.She put thedoll down and answered the phone.“Hi,Gra
20、ndma!Im going to be a little bit late tonight.Alright.!love you,too.Jenny left the storeand walked all the way to 301 West Street.The woman who answered the door looked sad.“Here,I found this in the snow,“Jenny said.“Oh,good God!This is the money for the orphanage(孤儿院)！Thank you!After doing her brot
21、hers housework for three months,Jenny finally got a Happy Hannah doll.She wasso happy because she could play with her doll and look her grandma in the eye.34.What did Jenny find in the snow?A.A bag.B.A doll.C.A wallet.D.A mobile phone.35.How did Jenny feel when she thought of her grandma?A.Touched.B
22、.Warm.C.Nervous.D.Surprised.37.What did Jenny do to get the doll?A.She asked her grandma for help.B.She took some money from the woman.C.She cleaned the floor in the store for all month.D.She did her brothers housework fbr three months.答案 CBDIf I were to ask you to close your eyes and I gave you a p
23、iece of apple to eat,would you be able to tellme what it is just by tasting it?Of course,you could.Your tongue(舌头)helps you know what differentfoods taste like.Do you know that foods would taste different if you did not have a nose?What You Need a friend to help small pieces of any food like carrot,
24、orange,bananawhatever you have small pieces of apples,raw(uncooked)potato and(if you are brave)onion(洋葱)What You DoThere are actually three different experiments.You and your friend should take turns trying them oneach other.Experiment 1:Have your friend close her eyes and open her mouth.Give her a
25、piece of the food and ask her to taste it.Then,ask her what she thinks it is.She will probably guess correctly.Experiment 2:While your friend has her eyes closed,give her a piece of raw potato.At the same time,hold a piece ofapple right under her nose.Ask her to eat the potato and tell you what she
26、thinks it is.She will say it is apiece of apple!You can even do it the other way around,and she will think she is eating a potato,or,perhaps,she wont be able to name what she is eating.Experiment 3:(for the brave)Take a piece of raw onion.You dont have to close your eyes this time.Press your nose cl
27、osed with yourother hand so that no smells can get into your nose.Now eat a small piece of the onion.Surprise!As long asyou hold your nose,you will not be able to taste the onion.The Science SecretYou already know the science secret.Your nose and your tongue work together to make food taste theway i
28、t does.Your tongue,however,can taste only certain flavors like salty,bitter,sour,and sweet.All of theother“tastes”are actually“smeHs”,and you need your nose to taste them.Oh,you might use this science secret the next time you are forced to eat something you dont like thetaste of.If you hold your nos
29、e while you eat it,you wont taste“it at all.39.What is the most probable reason Experiment 3 is called“for the brave”?A.You have to eat a raw onion.B.You keep your eyes open.C.You have to hold your nose.D.You do the experiment alone.答案 A二、阅读理解之主旨题（一）如何确定文章的中心思想每篇文章都有主题思想，而大多数文章的主题思想是通过一个句子来表达的，这就是主题
30、句。来主题句通常是文章当中的第一句，从主题句中能找出文章主题思想的答案，但有时主题句也可以在文中或段尾。一般情况下，演绎性的文章的主题句多在句首，而归纳性的文章的主题句则常在段尾。如果作者把主题句写得很含蓄，没有明显地用一二个句子表达出来，可根据文章内容加以归纳总 结，或把所有段落的主题句加以归纳，从中找出文章的主题思想。主旨大意题的提问方式：What is the writer trying to tell us with the story?The text is mainly aboutThe best title for this passage could beThe passage
31、 mainly tells usThe main idea（topic）of the passage is about解题应从以下两个方面入手：借助于文章的结构知识来把握中心思想。文章的中心思想常常由主题句来表达。一般 来 说，主题句常是文章的第一句或位于文章的第一段，用来交代全文所要说明的问题，同时引导以下段落进行展开和解释。有时主题句也出现于文章的中间段落或结尾，由全文展开讨论后归纳总结出来。因 此，找准主题句是十分重要的。阅读时要特别注意文章的起始段、收尾段和段落的主题句。有的文章没有主题句或没有主题段和收尾段。碰到这种情况不能采用辨认主题句或主题段的方法来获取段落或文章的中-心思想。这
32、 时，宜把不同的细节集中讨论的要点即共同点概括出来。需要读者自己在通读全文后归纳总结。真题People in many countries learn English and they learn it in different ways.Some learn it atschool.Some learn it by themselves.Others learn English by（通过）radio,on TV,or in films.The main idea Of the passage is.A.people in many countries learn English in ma
33、ny ways.B.some learn English at school.C.some learn English by themselves.D.others learn English by hearing the language over the radio,on TV,or in films.答案 A 解析 本文的第一句就是该文的主题句，讲述许多国家的人们以不同的方式学习英语。答 案 B、c、D 都是第一句的扩展和说明，所以A 是对的。Tennis is not difficult game to play,and you do not need a lot of equipme
34、nt（装备）to play it.There mustbe two or four players.Each player should have a comfortable tennis racket（网球拍）.The player will needsome tennis balls,too.of course,it is necessary to have a tennis court（网球场）！The main idea of the passage is that.A.players need tennis racketsB.you play tennis on a tennis c
35、ourtC.players need a court jackets,and tennis ballsD.two players will need two rackets to play this game 答案 cI解析 选 项 A、B、D 的内容均不全面，只包括了打网球的单项内容；选 项 C 是对选项A、B、D 的综合概括，故 C 为正确答案。三、阅读理解推理判断题此类题需要透过文章信息进行深入的分析、综合、归纳等推断，需根据上下文及其内在联系对篇章进行深入的分析。设题方式：1）How many times did the tiger come into the village?解题策略
36、：*每段的首句，含有重要的解题线索。设题方式：2）From Ihe second paragraph we k n o w.解题策略：*在把握全篇的基础上，细读这一段。推理判断题的常见类型：推断文章的出处（题材）与文章细节相关的推断对文章后续内容的推断 数字相关的计算推断 真题Ang Lee won the Best Director Oscar for his adventure film Life of Pi at the 85th Academy Awards inHollywood,California February 24,2013.Life of Pi shows a young
37、 Indian named Pi,who finds the world he knows swept away when his familysells their zoo and sets sail for Canada with a few animals.Only Pi escapes from the storm and floats in alifeboat with a giant Bengal tiger.“I really want to thank you for believing this story and sharing this unbelievable jour
38、ney with me,“Leesaid in his speech.The film also won three other Oscars,for best original music,best cinematography（电影艺术）and best visual（视觉）effects.It won more awards than Lincoln and Argo which were also among thehottest nominees.Coming from Chinas Taiwan,the 58-year-old Lee won an Oscar for Best F
39、oreign Language Film in2001 for Crouching Tiger,Hidden Dragon and another for Best Director in 2006 for Brokeback Mountain.He is the only person of Asian to win the directing award and one of the rare people who won that awardmore than once.In an after-ceremony interview,Lee said he believed Asian f
40、ilms would come to the main stage of theworld sooner or later.*I was born in Asia and grew up with Chinese education.It is natural for me to putAsian thinking into Western things.The film,which cost 120 million U.S.dollars,has earned nearly 600million dollars worldwide.Lee said most of the earnings
41、came from outside China.Lee said he felt warmthat he won the award on the day of the Lantern Festival,a Chinese traditional festival on which families gettogether to solve puzzles on lanterns and eat Tang Yuan.He wished everyone a happy new year of the snakeand everybody gets lucky.1.What kind of fi
42、lm does Life of Pi belong to?A.Comedies.B.Tragedies.C.Detective films.D.Adventure films.答案 DThe Statue of Liberty,which has been closed to the public since super storm Sandy struck in October,will reopen by July 4.The Statue of Liberty was presented to the United States by the French people in 1886.
43、It stands atLiberty Island as a welcome to all returning Americans.Its five months since the monument and Liberty Island were shut down after the storm.While the statue itself was not seriously harmed by the storm,several buildings on the island experiencedthe terrible flood.The way used by ships ca
44、rrying visitors from lower Manhattan and New Jersey was alsodestroyed.“Its good news,its a little late,but at least its there,and now well watch like an eagle to make surethis promise is kept,“Schumer told NBC New York.In Januaiy,the government spent$59 million repairing both Liberty Island and near
45、by Ellis Island,which was also damaged in the storm.But the officers have not announced when Ellis Island will reopen.InNovember,more than a million art works had to be removed from the museum there because of the storm.The Statue of Liberty is one of the countrys most popular tourist attractions.Ac
46、cording to the National ParkService,more than 3.7 million people visit the site every year.34.What does the underlined word It in the fifth paragraph refer to?A.The Statue of Liberty was presented by French people.B.The government spent$59 million repairing Liberty Island and Ellis Island.C.The Stat
47、ue of Liberty stands at Liberty Island as a welcome to all.D.The Statue of Liberty will reopen by July 4.答案 D四、阅读理解词义猜测题设题方式：What does the word mean in paragraph 3?What does the underlined word mean?The word most likely me a ns.Which of the following is closest in meaning to the wo r d.解题策略：阅读中碰到生词时
48、不要着急，耐心地读下去，文章会帮助你猜出生词词义。此 外，我们也可以通过构词法知识分析生词词义，或通过上下文,同义词，反 义 词，生活常识等猜测，尤其是本句话以及前后两句话，给生词假设意思，看是否读的通。还可以联想，即回想已知词汇中是否存在拼写方法与该生词类似的词。(1)捕捉关键词。在阅读时应该注意与问题相关的同义词，近 义 词，反义词或同位词等信息词来得出正确答案(2)根据上下文猜词义。它和前后文有着必然的联系，只有把握作者的脉搏，理清逻辑链条，才能锁定生词的含义。例如：A calendar is a list of the days,weeks,months of a particular
49、 year.calendar 日历(3)转换解题法。即原文这么说，而在问题和所给选项中则用另外的词去转换一种 说 法，但仍表示同一含义。(4)依解释Microscope is an instrument(工具)that makes small near objects seems larger.Microscope means 显微镜.根据上下文猜测词义的技巧：(1)注意定义和解释；(2)同义词或近义词的提示；(3)近义词和反义词的提示；(4)利用悬念的属种关系；(5)借助已有知识或生活常识。真题IA doctor entered the hospital in a hurry after b
50、eing called in for an urgent（紧急的）operation.Heanswered the call as soon as possible,changed his clothes and went directly to the operation room.He foundthe boys father going and coming in the hall waiting fbr the doctor.On seeing him,the dad shouted,Whydid you take you so much time to come?Don*t you