《高考英语二轮专题复习介词和介词短语导案.pdf》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《高考英语二轮专题复习介词和介词短语导案.pdf（23页珍藏版）》请在taowenge.com淘文阁网|工程机械CAD图纸|机械工程制图|CAD装配图下载|SolidWorks_CaTia_CAD_UG_PROE_设计图分享下载上搜索。
1、高考英语二轮专题复习介词和介词短语导案(word 版可编辑修改)点亮心灯/(v)照亮人生 高考英语二轮专题复习介词和介词短语导案(word 版可编辑修改)编辑整理：尊敬的读者朋友们：这里是精品文档编辑中心，本文档内容是由我和我的同事精心编辑整理后发布的，发布之前我们对文中内容进行仔细校对，但是难免会有疏漏的地方，但是任然希望（高考英语二轮专题复习介词和介词短语导案(word 版可编辑修改)）的内容能够给您的工作和学习带来便利。同时也真诚的希望收到您的建议和反馈，这将是我们进步的源泉，前进的动力。本文可编辑可修改，如果觉得对您有帮助请收藏以便随时查阅，最后祝您生活愉快 业绩进步，以下为高考英语二
2、轮专题复习介词和介词短语导案(word 版可编辑修改)的全部内容。高考英语二轮专题复习介词和介词短语导案(word 版可编辑修改)点亮心灯/(v)照亮人生 介词和介词短语【考纲解读】介词是英语中比较活跃的词，它与名词、形容词、副词和动词等构成搭配时用法灵活且意义丰富。介词的考查形式多样,除了单纯考查介词外，还常考查介词与其他词的搭配。此外，在定语从句中,也常考查“介词+关系代词”的用法。有些介词的考查频率较高,如 with,beyond 等。【预习导学】一、介词 1表示方位的 at,in，on，to，beside/by 和 near 介词 用法 示例 at 一般指在较小的地方 I met hi
3、m _the shop.in 一般指在较大的地方，或在某一范围内 They arrived _ Beijing yesterday。Shandong Province lies _the east of China.on 一般指在物体的表面，或相邻并接壤的两个地域 The picture is hanging _ the wall.Vietnam is _ the south of China。to 表示某范围外不接壤的两位置 Jiangsu Province is _ the southeast of Hebei Province.beside/by“在的旁边”She was standin
4、g _ her mother。There is a small house _ the river.near“接近；靠近”There is a supermarket 高考英语二轮专题复习介词和介词短语导案(word 版可编辑修改)点亮心灯/(v)照亮人生 _ my home。2表示方位的 between 和 among 介词 用法 示例 between 在两者或每两者之间 I sat down _ Sue and Jane。among 在三者或三者以上之间 The teacher was standing _ the students.3表示方位的 across,through,over 和
5、 past 介词 用法 示例 across 从的表面穿过 He walked _ the square to meet us。through 从的内部穿过 The guide led us _ the forest。over 从的上面跨过 The thief jumped _ the fence and fled away.past 从的旁边经过 She walked _ the shop。4表示时间点的 at，in 和 on 介词 用法 示例 at 表示在某个时间点、时刻或重大节日 _ 9：00；_ noon;_ daybreak；_Christmas in 表示在某个较长的时间内,如世纪、
6、朝代或年月；泛指的上午、下午、傍晚 _ the 21st century;_ September;_ the morning on 表示在具体某一天或具体某一天的上午、下午、晚上 _ 2nd，September；_ the morning of 1st，May 5表示时间段的 for 和 since 介词 用法 示例 高考英语二轮专题复习介词和介词短语导案(word 版可编辑修改)点亮心灯/(v)照亮人生 for“for时间段”意为“多长时间”，表示动作持续的时间长短，一般作完成时、过去时或将来时的时间状语 He has lived in the small village _ five ye
7、ars.I studied in Peking University _ 4 years.since“since时间点 意为“自从(过去某时）以来，作完成时的时间状语 He has worked in this company _ graduation.Tom has been doing his homework _ 7 oclock。6表示交通方式的 by，in 和 on 介词 用法 示例 by“by名词”表示交通方式时,名词前不加冠词 My brother usually goes to school _ bike.in/on in/on 后的名词必须有冠词或代词等修饰 My fathe
8、r often goes to work _ his car/_ his bicycle。7表示“用”的 by，in 和 with 介词 用法 示例 by 指“靠手段，用方法，凭借，后可接名词、代词或动名词 He made a living _ selling newspapers when he was young.in 多用于表示语言、材料的名词前 All the applicants are required to fill _the form in ink.with 多用于表示有形的工具或身体器官的名词前 They are busy digging _ spades。8表示“除外”的
9、except，except for 和 besides 介词 用法 示例 except 表示“除之外（其他的都）,其后的宾语是被排除在外All my friends took part in the party _John。高考英语二轮专题复习介词和介词短语导案(word 版可编辑修改)点亮心灯/(v)照亮人生 的，侧重同类事物的排除 except for 其后被排除的内容与主语往往不是同一类的 His composition is good _ a few spelling mistakes。besides 表示“除之外（其他的也）”,其后的宾语是被包括在内的 He has learned
10、German,French _ English.9其他常考介词的用法(1）against 的用法 含义 示例(表示态度)反对 An agreement seems to be impossible because the majority of the committee members are _ it.（表示对比）以为背景 The skiers red clothes stood out clearly _ the snow。（表示方位)倚靠着 The girl was leaning _ the wall with her arms folded.(2）beyond 的用法 含义 示例（
11、表 示 位 置)在 另 一 边，在更远处 The small village is 20 miles _ the town.（表示时间）晚于 He delayed the matter _ the fixed time。(表示程度）超出,非所能及 To be acknowledged as the first to receive this honor is _ expression in words for me。(3）over 的用法 含义 示例（表示方位)越过 The airplane flew _ the 高考英语二轮专题复习介词和介词短语导案(word 版可编辑修改)点亮心灯/(v)
12、照亮人生 mountains and disappeared in the distance.(表示等级或数目）高于，在之上，超过 He has got the job because he has the advantage _ others of knowing many languages。（表示时间或过程)在期间 Im sorry I didnt phone you,but Ive been very busy _ the past couple of weeks.(4)to 的用法 含义 示例(表示方向、距离）到,向，去 It was on the way _ the railway
13、 station。(表示时间）直到为止，到 He wakes at a quarter _ six every morning。(表示比较、比例、参照)与相比，相对于而言 I prefer oranges to apples.(表示对象关系)属于，对，给 The hospital is attached _ the university.达到(某一点或某个限度）Temperatures dropped _ 25 degrees below zero。(5)under 的用法 含义 示例 在下面，在之下 She placed the ladder _ the window.在过程中 The po
14、ssibility of employing more staff is still _ discussion。（数字、数量、年龄或价格）低于,少于，在以下 These toys are not suitable for children _ five。高考英语二轮专题复习介词和介词短语导案(word 版可编辑修改)点亮心灯/(v)照亮人生 受影响 Shes been _ a lot of pressure at work.(6)with 的用法 含义 示例 和一起，和，同,跟 Would you like to go shopping _ me？（表示同时或同一方向）随着 _ time go
15、ing by，the little tree has grown u p.具有,带有 The dictionary is what I want,but I dont have enough money _ me.由于,因为 He trembled _ fear。（表示方式）用 He cut it _ a knife。二、介词短语 介词的固定搭配考查有两种：一是考查固定搭配中的介词；二是考查介词短语。While staying in the village，James unselfishly shared whatever he had with the villagers without a
16、sking for anything in return。(2014浙江高考)当詹姆斯住在这个村里的时候，他无私地把他的任何东西都与村民分享而不图任何回报.Starting your own business could be a way to achieving financial independence.On the other hand,it could just pu t you in debt.(2014江西高考)自己做生意或许是获得经济独立的一种方法，另一方面，它也可能让你负债。知识积累 介词的常用搭配一览 1介词与名词的常用搭配（1)at n。表示状态 at a loss 不知
17、所措 at peace 处于和平中 at war 在战争中 at work 在工作(2）其他以 at 开头的介词短语 at the beginning of 在的开始 at the cost of 以的代价 高考英语二轮专题复习介词和介词短语导案(word 版可编辑修改)点亮心灯/(v)照亮人生 at the risk of 冒的危险 at the mercy of 在支配下；任由摆布（3)on n。表示状态 on exhibition/show 在展出 on fire 着火 on sale 出售，打折 on the way 在途中 on the decrease/increase 在减少/在
18、增加 on holiday/vacation 在度假 on duty/guard 在值班/站岗(4）其他以 on 开头的介词短语 on account of 因为 on behalf of 代表 on no account/condition 决不(5）by n。表示方式 by accident 偶然 by air/plane 乘飞机 by chance 偶然 by coincidence 碰巧 by hand 用手工 by mistake 错误地 by the day 按天算 by nature 天生地(6）in n。表示方式 in cash 用现金付款 in width 在宽度上 in d
19、epth 在深度上 in detail 详细地 in size 在大小上 in height 在高度上 in length 在长度上 in English 用英语(7）其他以 in 开头的介词短语 in need of 需要 in no case 决不 in no time 立刻 in no way 决不 in place of 代替 in possession of 拥有，占有 in addition to 另外 in charge of 掌管 in response to 作为回应 in return 作为回报 in spite of 尽管 in exchange for 作为交换 in
20、favor of 支持，赞成 in case of 万一；如果;假如 高考英语二轮专题复习介词和介词短语导案(word 版可编辑修改)点亮心灯/(v)照亮人生 in celebration of 为庆祝 in control of 管理；控制;操纵 in honour of 为向表示敬意 in memory of 为了纪念 in support of 为支持 in the charge of 在的管理下 in the direction of 在方向 in the face of 面对(8)of n。表示特征（等于相应的形容词)of benefit 有益处的 of help 有帮助的 of i
21、mportance 重要的 of significance 有意义的 of use 有用的 of value 有价值的（9）out of n。表示状态 out of balance 失去平衡 out of breath 上气不接下气 out of control 不受控制 out of date 过期 out of debt 不欠债 out of order 出故障 out of shape 走样,不成形 out of sight 看不到 out of the question 不可能 out of work 失业(10)under n.表示被动 under attack 遭到袭击 under
22、 discussion 在讨论中 under pressure 在压力下 under treatment 在治疗中 under control 处于控制之中 under construction 在建造中(11）with n.表示方式 with delight/joy 高兴地 with difficulty 困难地 with ease 轻而易举地 with fear 害怕地 with pleasure 乐意地(12）beyond n。表示“超出，难以”beyond compare 无与伦比 beyond reach 够不到 beyond description 难以描述 beyond doub
23、t 不用怀疑，确实地 高考英语二轮专题复习介词和介词短语导案(word 版可编辑修改)点亮心灯/(v)照亮人生 beyond expression/words 难以表达 2介词与形容词的常用搭配(1)be adj.about be anxious about 忧虑 be curious about 对好奇 be particular about 对讲究/挑剔 be worried/concerned about 对担心(2)be adj。at be angry at 因生气 be good at 擅长 be astonished at 对吃惊 be present at 出席 be disap
24、pointed at 对失望（3)be adj.in be absorbed in 专注于 be active in 积极于 be dressed in 穿着 be engaged in 忙于 be rich in 富含 be occupied in 忙于 be interested in 对感兴趣 be involved in 包括在中，被卷入（4）be adj。for be eager for 渴望 be famous for 以著名 be fit for 适合，胜任 be hungry for 渴望 be ready for 准备好 be sorry for 对感到抱歉 be thank
25、ful for 因而感激 be anxious for 急切盼望，渴望 be prepared for 为做好准备(5）be adj。from be absent from 缺席 be different from 不同于 be far from 远离 be free from 不受影响(6)be adj。to be close to 接近 be contrary to 与相反 be devoted to 致力于 be equal to 等于 高考英语二轮专题复习介词和介词短语导案(word 版可编辑修改)点亮心灯/(v)照亮人生 be familiar to 对来说熟悉 be friendl
26、y to 对友好 be good to 对有好处 be grateful to 对心存感激 be harmful to 对有危害 be kind to 对友好 be opposed to 反对 be similar to 与相似 be/get used to(变得)习惯于（7)be adj.of be aware of 意识到 be fond of 喜欢 be full of 充满 be proud of 因而自豪 be short of 缺乏 be tired of 厌烦 be ashamed of 为感到羞耻（8)be adj.with be busy with 忙于 be filled
27、with 充满 be combined with 与结合 be content with 对满意 be covered with 被覆盖 be familiar with 对熟悉 be patient with 对有耐心 be popular with 受的欢迎 be satisfied with 对满意 be pleased with 对感到满意 by angry with(sb.)对（某人)发怒 be concerned with 与有关；涉及，关心，关注【考点突破】考点 语境词义辨析 1.The dictionary is _:many words have been added to
28、the language since it was published。(2016天津，2)A.out of control B。out of date C。out of sight D。out of reach 2。Have you ever heard of the trees that are homes _ animals both on land and sea？（2015浙江，3）A about B to C with D over 3。Most people work because its unavoidable._，there are some people who 高考英语
29、二轮专题复习介词和介词短语导案(word 版可编辑修改)点亮心灯/(v)照亮人生 actually enjoy work。（2015浙江，10）A。As a result B。In addition C。By contrast D。In conclusion 4.Many of the things we now benefit from would not be around _ Thomas Edison。(2015江苏，34）A。thanks to B.regardless of C。aside from D。but for 5.This meeting room is a nonsmo
30、king area.I would like to warn you _ that if you smoked here you would be fined。（2015湖北，30)A。in advance B。in detail C.in total D。in general 6.The little pupil took his grandma_ the arm and walked her across the street。(2015陕西,12）A.on B.by C.in D。at 7。A common memory they all have _ their school days
31、 is the school uniform。（2015福建，22)A.of B.on C.to D。with 考点归纳 1几组常见的介词短语(1)out of 名词 out of question 毫无疑问;out of the question 不可能；out of order 次序颠倒；out of sight 看不见；out of place 不合适；out of pity 出于同情；out of curiosity 出于好奇(2)in 名词 in power 掌权;in good condition 状态良好；in despair 绝望地；in public/secret 公开地/秘
32、密地；in tears 哭泣；in good/bad repair 保养得好/不好；in charge 负责，掌管；in a hurry 匆忙;in anger 生气；in trouble 有困难（3)in 名词介词 in case of 以防万一;in honor of 为了纪念；in favor of 支持;in memory of 为了纪念；in charge of 负责；in terms of 从角度;in need of 需要；in praise of 表扬;in view of 鉴于;in return for 作为对的回报；in response to 对的答复或反应 高考英语二
33、轮专题复习介词和介词短语导案(word 版可编辑修改)点亮心灯/(v)照亮人生（4)under 名词 under control 受控；under attack 遭到攻击；under way 在进行中；under discussion在讨论；under consideration 在讨论/考虑中(5）at 名词 at work 在工作；at play 在玩耍;at dinner 在吃饭；at ease 轻松,自由自在；at war 在打仗（6）on名词 on fire 着火；on purpose 故意地；on duty 值日;on the phone 在打电话；on leave 在休假；on
34、holiday 在度假;on a walk 在散步；on the rise/fall 上升/下降;on sale 出售；on show/exhibition 展出；on business 出差；on ones way to 在去的路上；on a visit/trip/tour 出行（7）to ones 情感名词 to ones surprise 令某人惊讶的是；to ones joy 使某人高兴的是；to ones disappointment 令某人失望的是；to ones delight 使某人高兴的是 2注意下列短语中介词的用法 for nothing 不花钱,免费 come acros
35、s the room 穿过房间 feel like doing sth.想要做某事 get paid by the week 按周获得报酬 be particular about.。对苛求、挑 剔 with satisfaction 满意地 be second to none 不输于任何人；不比任何东西差 on ones own 独自地 in great quantity 大量地，大批量 in great demand 需求量很大 take a turn for the better 正朝更好的方向发展 keep an eye on 照看，照料 with the help of 在的帮助下 u
36、nder the leadership of 在的领导下 the article in the newspaper 报纸上的文章 高考英语二轮专题复习介词和介词短语导案(word 版可编辑修改)点亮心灯/(v)照亮人生 a bird in the tree 树上的鸟 apples on the tree 树上的苹果 tickets for the concert 音乐会的票 in the direction of 朝着的方向 from the direction of 从的方向 set an example to sb。给某人树立榜样 3.下列短语中 to 为介词 belong to 属于 d
37、ate back to 追溯到 look forward to 盼望；期望 be addicted to 沉溺于 be accustomed to 习惯于 be/get used to doing。习惯于做 be devoted to.。.致力于 stick to 坚持【方法总结】方法 1 汉语对照法 在高考试题中,考查的介词有一大部分是表示方位、范围的，这就涉及到一些表示方位的介词，这时可以根据其汉语意思来解答此类试题.(1）Dont you think this shirt is too tight _ the shoulders？A。across B。over C.above D。thr
38、ough(2)Sean has formed the habit of jogging _ the treelined avenue for two hours every day.A。between B.along C。below D.with(3）Four Chinese models were _ the 14 people awarded prizes on Friday at the World Supermodel Competition。A。among B。between 高考英语二轮专题复习介词和介词短语导案(word 版可编辑修改)点亮心灯/(v)照亮人生 C。along D
39、。beside 方法 2 固定短语法 关于介词的固定搭配，在解答试题时，要注意从句子中找出中心词汇，也就是这个词和选项中的词能够构成一个固定搭配,符合句子意思，这样问题就会很快解决.(1）The study suggests that the cultures we grow up _ influence the basic processes by which we see the world around us。（2016浙江，7)A.on B.in C.at D。about(2)My father warned me _ going to the West Coast because i
40、t was crowded with tourists。A.by B.on C.for D。against(3)A great man shows his greatness _ the way he treats little men.A.under B。with C。on D.by 方法 3 利用置入法解决介词短语的相关题目 关于介词短语的相关题目，一般采用将介词短语置入句子,并进行逐一翻译的方法。解决此类题目的关键就是平时多积累相关知识，然后读懂题干的含义。(1)That young man is honest，cooperative，always there when you need
41、 his help。_,hes reliable.（2016浙江，6）A。Or else B。In short C。By the way D.For one thing(2)I guess weve already talked about this before but Ill ask you again just_.A.by nature B.in return C。in case D。by chance（3)_ his being late again，he lost his job and had to stay at home.A.Owe to B.As result of C。In
42、 case of D.Because of【扩展交流】典题精选 我来改正 常设误点（2015新课标全 _（1)介词与名词搭高考英语二轮专题复习介词和介词短语导案(word 版可编辑修改)点亮心灯/(v)照亮人生 国卷)Tony saw a toy on a shop window。（2016云南省统一检测）The bridge on the river has a long history。_ 配不当 介词与名词搭配时用哪一个介词取决于其后的名词,这时要根据名词选择适当的介词。（2014陕西高考）My uncles immediately jumped up and shot their ar
43、rows on the bird._(2)介词与动词搭配不当 介词与动词搭配时介 词 的 使 用 取 决 于 动词，这时要根据动词选择适当的介词。（2016潍 坊 市 一模）You should eat more fruit and vegetables,which are rich of vitamins._（3)介词与形容词搭配不当 介词与形容词搭配时介词的使用是由形容词决定的，这时要根据形容词选择适当的介词。(2015 四 川 高考)Please help with me and give me some advice.（2015陕 西 高考）My soccer coach retire
44、d in last week。_ _ _（4）介词的多余 及物动词后直接跟宾语，无需加介词；last,next 后跟名词表时间时前面无需加介词。（2014四川高考）If you hear the alarm，stand in line at the door and wait your _（5）介词的缺失 不及物动词后跟宾语时应加相应的介词。高考英语二轮专题复习介词和介词短语导案(word 版可编辑修改)点亮心灯/(v)照亮人生 teacher to lead you outside。（2014浙江高考）If we could show concern to others on need，th
45、e world would be a better place to live in._（6)习惯搭配中介词的错用 在习惯搭配中介词的使用是相对固定的，不能随意改动。【当堂达标】.在空白处填入适当的介词 1Most people work because its unavoidable。_ contrast,there are some people who actually enjoy work。2 These comments came in response _ specific questions often asked by local newsmen.3 Have you ever
46、 heard of the trees that are homes _ animals both on land and sea？4 Last year was the warmest year on record，with glo bal temperature 0.68 _ the average.5 Many of the things we now benefit from would not be around but _ Thomas Edison。6 They believe that there are transport developments _ the corner
47、that will bring a lot of changes for the better。7 A common memory they all have _ their schooldays is the school uniform。8 Human life is regarded as part of nature and,as such,the only way for us to survive is to live in harmony _ nature.9 Thi s meeting room is a non smoking area.I would like to war
48、n you _ advance that if you smoked here you would be fined。10 The little pupil took his grandma _ the arm and walked her across the 高考英语二轮专题复习介词和介词短语导案(word 版可编辑修改)点亮心灯/(v)照亮人生 street。11 She drove so fast at the turn that the car almost went _ the road.12 Our club is open to everyone regardless _ ag
49、e，sex or educational background。13 While staying in the village，James unselfishly shared whatever he had with the villagers without asking for anything _ return。14 Facing up to your problems instead _ running away from them is the best approach to working things out。15 The Scottish girl _ blue eyes
50、won the first prize in the Fifth Chinese Speech Contest。语篇填空（用适当的介词填空)It was _1_ a sunny morning that I delivered a speech _2_ behalf of my class.Regardless _3_ the warmth of the sun,I managed to calm down and make my speech _4_ the point。The speech was about how to save the earth _5_ an efficient w